Austin, Chicago

Austin
Community area
Community Area 25 – Austin
Location within the city of Chicago
Coordinates: 41°54′N 87°45.6′W / 41.900°N 87.7600°W / 41.900; -87.7600Coordinates: 41°54′N 87°45.6′W / 41.900°N 87.7600°W / 41.900; -87.7600
Country	United States
State	Illinois
County	Cook
City	Chicago
Neighborhoods	List Galewood The Island North Austin South Austin
Area
• Total	7.16 sq mi (18.54 km2)
Population (2014)
• Total	99,711
• Density	14,000/sq mi (5,400/km2)
Demographics (2014)
• White	4.2%
• Black	84.2%
• Hispanic	10.3%
• Asian	0.5%
• Other	0.8%
Time zone	CST (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP Codes	60644 (entire) 60639, 60651, 60707 (partial)
Median household income	$31,435

Austin is one of seventy-seven officially designated community areas in Chicago. It is currently the largest community area both geographically and by population. Austin's eastern boundary is the Belt Railway located just east of Cicero Avenue. Its northernmost border is the Milwaukee District / West Line. Its southernmost border is at Roosevelt Road from the Belt Railway west to Austin Boulevard. The northernmost portion, north of North Avenue, extends west to Harlem Avenue, abutting Elmwood Park. In addition to Elmwood Park, Austin also borders the suburbs of Cicero and Oak Park.^[1]

History

Early development

In 1835, Henry DeKoven purchased prairie land in the region. In 1857, a group of citizens formed the Town of Cicero, a ten-member local governing body that covered modern day Cicero, Oak Park, Berwyn and Austin.^[2] Eight years later, DeKoven’s land was bought by Henry W. Austin. Austin, a businessman and real estate speculator, developed the namesake Austinville subdivision. Its population grew exponentially as the area’s attractive amenities and access to suburban railroad service drew in population. In 1870, the Town of Cicero placed its town hall in Austin.^[3] However, by the 1890s, the heavily populated Austin area dominated town politics, but did not constitute a majority of voters. The Austin controlled township government allowed the Lake Street Elevated to extend into Oak Park. Outraged, the other residents of Cicero Township voted to allow Chicago to annex the Austin area in an 1899 referendum. The residents of Austin voted against the referendum.^[4][2]

Neighborhood growth

After its annexation, Austin continued to maintain an independent, suburban identity.^[2] By the 1920s, the area had developed significant street railways to serve its commuter population. This infrastructure attracted a large group of European immigrants to the community.^[5] In 1926, it was estimated the area had approximately 140,000 residents.^[2] In 1923, Austin Hospital opened. In 1938, the hospital, now called William Temperance Hospital, was taken over by Sisters of Saint Casimir who operated the hospital as Loretto Hospital.^[1]

In 1949, construction began on the Eisenhower Expressway which bisected the southern portion of Austin.^[2]

White flight and decline

After World War II, African-Americans increasingly moved into the surrounding community areas of East Garfield Park, North Lawndale, West Garfield Park.^[2] Despite white flight in the surrounding neighborhoods, in 1960, the Austin community was near exclusively white.

In the mid-1960s, African-Americans began moving into Austin proper. This created animosity amongst the white residents who opposed integrated schools.^[2] By 1970, despite the aggressive blockbusting efforts of realtors, the Austin community was 32% black. A decade later, it was 73% black. This trend would continue for the rest of the twentieth century.^[6]

The latter half of the twentieth century also saw significant divestment from the community. The Central station on the Chicago Transportation Agency’s Congress Line was closed on September 2, 1973.^[7] In 1988, West Side Health Authority was formed after the closure of St. Anne's Hospital. In 1991, the Sisters of Saint Casimir gave control of Loretto Hospital to a management company.^[1]

Twenty first century

In 1999, developers agreed to turn the abandoned Galewood rail yard into an industrial park.^[8] During the development of the proprety, then-Alderman Ike Carothers solicited a bribe to allow the permitting process and zoning changes to move forward. The subsequent trials created a political scandal,^[9] and ended with the conviction of the developer and Carothers on various felony charges.^[10] The $60 million development ultimately brought new homes and a movie theater to the neighborhood.^[11]

Neighborhoods

Mars station in Galewood.

Seth Warner House

Residence of J.J. Walser Jr.

Central Station

F. R. Schock House

Laramie State Bank Building

Austin is Chicago's largest community area both by population and by land area. The Austin community area is made up of four neighborhoods; Galewood, The Island, North Austin and South Austin.^[12]

Galewood

Galewood is named for Abram Gale who bought a farm on the area in 1838.^[1] The neighborhood is bordered by the Milwaukee District / West Line to the north, Harlem Avenue to the west, North Avenue to the south and Central Avenue to the east. The area is a historically Italian-American community with a sizable population of Chicago city employees.^[13] Since the 1980s, it has seen an increase in African American and Latino residents, but this integration has occurred peacefully in contrast with other areas of Chicago.^[14]

Galewood has two stations on the Milwaukee District West Line. The first station, Mars station functions as a stop for employees of the nearby Mars, Incorporated factory and Shriners Hospitals for Children, the latter of which is located in Belmont Cragin. The Mars station only stops during traditional commuting hours. The second, Galewood station is located west of Mars station and is a regular service station.

The neighborhood has strong ties with neighboring Montclare, including sharing a namesake library in the Chicago Public Library system, and is sometimes considered as part of that neighborhood and not the Austin community.^[15][16]

The Island

The Island neighborhood is located in the southwest corner of the Austin community. It has a population of approximately 1,700 residents.^[17] It encompasses roughly a square mile and its western and southern borders are to the suburbs of Oak Park and Cicero respectively. It is further isolated from the rest of Austin by an industrial corridor to its east and railroad tracks and Interstate 290 to the north. It is only accessible from Austin Boulevard & Roosevelt Road.^[12]

The Island was the last of Austin’s neighborhoods to integrate. In the 1980s, when the rest of Austin was over 70% African-American, the Island did not have a single African-American family. In 1984, when an African-American family attempted to move in on Roosevelt Road, they were met with violent resistance and shortly moved out. Politically, the area went heavily for Jane Byrne in the Democratic primary and for Edward Vrdolyak against Harold Washington in the 1987 mayoral election that broke down on racial lines.^[6] Today, the Island is an integrated community.^[17]

The area, once industrial, has a diverse economy. Chicago Studio City, the largest film studio in the Midwestern United States, is located here.^[17] The films Transformers: Dark of the Moon, The Dark Knight and Public Enemies were partially filmed in The Island as were episodes of Empire and Shameless.^[18]

North Austin

One of Austin's neighborhoods is North Austin, its boundaries starts north at Milwaukee District/West Line and Armitage Avenue, Western boundaries are Austin Avenue or Austin Boulervard south of North Avenue, Eastern boundaries to Cicero Avenue, and Southern boundaries to Division Street.^[12] The Robert LeFlore, Jr. Post Office at 5001 West Division Street is in this neighborhood.^[19]

South Austin

South Austin is the area’s largest neighborhood. It is bordered by Division Street to the north, Austin Boulevard to the west, Roosevelt Road to the south and Cicero Avenue to the east. During the Austin area’s transition from a predominantly white community to a predominantly African-American community, the South Austin neighborhood was the first neighborhood to become African-American majority.^[6] The neighborhood is characterized by its numerous historic buildings. The neighborhood is home to six landmarks on the National Register of Historic Places; Austin Historic District, Austin Town Hall Park Historic District, Columbus Park, First Congregational Church of Austin, Joseph J. Walser House and the Seth Warner House. Austin Town Hall Park, modeled after Philadelphia's Independence Hall, is also in this neighborhood.

It is also home to an additional seven Chicago Landmarks not listed on the National Register of Historic Places; Beeson House and Coach House, Hitchcock House, Laramie State Bank Building, Schlect House, F. R. Schock House, Marie Schock House and the Third Unitarian Church.

The United States Postal Service operates the Reverend Milton R. Brunson Station Post Office at 324 South Laramie Avenue.^[20] South Austin has five Chicago "L" stops; Austin, Central, Laramie, and Cicero on the Green Line, and Cicero on the Blue Line.

Demographics

According to a 2016 analysis by the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, there were 99,711 people and 32,277 households residing in the area.^[22]

The racial makeup of the area was 4.20% White, 84.20% African American, 0.50% Asian, 0.80% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.30% of the population.^[22]

In the area, the population was spread out with 30.50% under the age of 19, 20.80% from 20 to 34, 18.70% from 35 to 49, 18.40% from 50 to 64, and 11.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The media age was 33.9.^[22]

The median household income for the area was $31,435 as opposed to $47,831 for the city. The area’s residents were disproportionately lower income with 41.0% of residents earned less than $25,000, 27.6% of residents earned between $25,000 and $49,999, 14.1% earned between $50,000 to $74,999, 8.0% earned between $75,000 and $99,999, 6.4% earned between $100,000 and $149,999, 2.9% earned $150,000 or more.

There were 41,807 residents in the labor force. 18.9% of workers were employed in the healthcare industry, 11.3% were employed in retail, 11% were employed in administration, 8.4% worked in education, and 8.3% worked in hospitality and food services. The area had an unemployment rate of 22.1%.^[22]

Crime

In 2015, the Chicago Police Department recorded 50 homicides in the Austin neighborhood, making the area the highest in homicide-related incidents in Chicago. By the Chicago Tribune "Crime in Chicagoland" page, the Austin neighborhood ranked 11th out of 77 community areas in Chicago in violent crime, 25th among Chicago community areas in property crimes, and 5th out of 100 for quality of life crimes.^[23]

Education

Children reading at the "Robert Emmet School" in 1911. The school, located at 5500 W Madison Street, closed in 2013.

Austin Community Academy High School^[24] closed after spring 2007.^[25] New smaller schools have replaced Austin Community Academy High School: Austin Business and Entrepreneurship Academy, which opened in 2006, and Austin Polytechnical Academy, which opened in September 2007.^[26]

Other portions of the community area are zoned to Manley High School, Marshall H.S., and Orr Campus.

Media

Austin is served by three free weekly newspapers. The West Cook Journal,^[27] founded in 2004, is published by West Suburban Journal, a black-owned press published by Trottie Publishing, based in the West Cook County suburb of Westchester. The founder and publisher of West Suburban Journal and West Cook Journal, L. Nicole Trottie, is the first black woman in Illinois history to start an accredited weekly newspaper. Trottie is also the first African American woman ever elected to the Illinois Press Association's Board of Directors in its 150-year newspaper-rich history. The Austin Voice^[28] has been published in Austin since 1988. The Austin Weekly News,^[29] founded in 2005, is published by The Wednesday Journal, a publisher of free weekly newspapers based in Oak Park, Illinois. Both papers are published on Wednesdays and distributed in stores, office buildings and recreational venues throughout the community. Austin is also served by Austin Talks,^[30] an online publication maintained by journalism students at Chicago's Columbia College and underwritten in part by the Chicago Community Trust.

Notable residents

• William J.P. Banks, longtime Alderman from Chicago’s 36th ward. He resided in Galewood while on the Chicago City Council.^[31]
• Ralph Capone, member of the Chicago Outfit and brother of Al Capone. He lived in the Island before moving to Wisconsin.^[17]
• Ike Carothers, Alderman from Chicago’s 29th ward from 1999 until his resignation in 2010. He lives in South Austin.^[32]
• Danny K. Davis, member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois’ 7th congressional district since 1999. He resides in North Austin.^[33]
• Sam DeStefano, member of the Chicago Outfit. He resided on the 1600 block of Sayre in Galewood.^[34][35]
• La Shawn K. Ford, member of the Illinois House of Representatives. He resides in Austin.^[1]
• Bud Freeman and the Austin High School Gang.^[36]
• Sam Giancana, member of the Chicago Outfit. He lived in the Island before moving to the suburbs.^[17]
• Deborah L. Graham, Alderman from the 29th ward from 2010 to 2015. She also served in the Illinois House of Representatives.^[37]
• Steve Harris, actor (Diary of a Mad Black Woman, The Practice). He attended Resurrection Elementary School in Austin.^[38]
• Wood Harris, actor (The Wire, Remember the Titans, Creed). He attended Resurrection Elementary School in Austin.^[38]
• Camille Y. Lilly, member of the Illinois House of Representatives. She lives in Galewood.^[39]
• Robert F. McPartlin, Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1960 to 1976, sentenced to eight years in prison.^[40]
• Kel Mitchell, actor (Good Burger, Kenan & Kel). He grew up in North Austin.
• Emma Mitts, Alderman from the 37th ward. She lives in South Austin.^[41]
• Pat Quinn, former Governor of Illinois. He lives in Galewood.^[42]
• John Rice, Alderman from the 36th ward from 2009 to 2011. He resided in Galewood while on the Chicago City Council.^[43][44]
• Philip J. Rock, President of the Illinois Senate. He lived in Austin until he moved to Oak Park in 1977.^[45]
• Nick Sposato, Alderman from Chicago’s 36th ward from 2011 to 2015. He lived in Galewood until moving to the 38th ward after redistricting moved Galewood to the 29th ward.^[13]
• Jim Tobin, economist and founder of anti-tax advocacy group Taxpayers United of America.^[46]
• Bobby Wilson, defensive tackle for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He attended high school in Austin.^[47]
• Abe Woodson, American football cornerback and kick returner who played nine seasons in the National Football League, mainly with the San Francisco 49ers. He was raised and attended high school in Austin.^[48]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Austin, Chicago.

• Chicago Landmarks
  • Four Houses by Architect Frederick Schock
  • Hitchcock House
  • Laramie State Bank Building
  • Walser House
• Chicago Park District
  • Columbus Park
  • Austin Town Hall Park
  • Levin Park
• Austin Community Organizations and Service Providers
• Austin Weekly News, local newspaper
• Encyclopedia of Chicago entry on Austin
• Directory of Community Organizations Serving Austin, Chicago

City of Chicago
Architecture Beaches Climate Colleges and universities Community areas Crime Culture Demographics Economy companies Expressways Flag Geography Government Harbor History Politics Timeline Landmarks Literature Media Museums Neighborhoods Parks People Performing arts music theater Public schools list Skyscrapers Sports Tourism Transportation Visual arts Portal
Cook County Metropolitan area Illinois United States

Adjacent places of Austin, Chicago
	Elmwood Park, Illinois	Montclare and Belmont Cragin	Hermosa
	Oak Park, Illinois		Humboldt Park West Garfield Park
		Austin
		Cicero, Illinois	North Lawndale