Fulbright Program

The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is an American scholarship program of competitive, merit-based grants for international educational exchange for students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists and artists, founded by United States Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946. Under the Fulbright Program, competitively selected American citizens may become eligible for scholarships to study, conduct research, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States of America. The program was established to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. It is one of the most prestigious scholarships in the world.

The Fulbright Program provides 8,000 grants annually to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university lecturing, and classroom teaching^[1].

The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations like the Institute of International Education. It operates in over 160 countries around the world.^[2] The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs sponsors the Fulbright Program from an annual appropriation from the U.S. Congress. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from partner governments, foundations, corporations, and host institutions both in and outside the U.S.^[3] In each of 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers and oversees the Fulbright Program. In countries without a Fulbright Commission but that have an active program, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 360,000 persons have participated in the program since it began. Fifty-four Fulbright alumni have won Nobel Prizes;^[4] eighty-two have won Pulitzer Prizes.^[5]

History

The Fulbright Program aims to bring a little more knowledge, a little more reason, and a little more compassion into world affairs and thereby increase the chance that nations will learn at last to live in peace and friendship.^[6]
— Senator J. William Fulbright

In 1945, Senator J. William Fulbright proposed a bill to use the proceeds from selling surplus U.S. government war property to fund international exchange between the U.S. and other countries. With the crucial timing of the aftermath of the Second War and with the pressing establishment of the United Nations, the Fulbright Program was an attempt to promote peace and understanding through educational exchange. The bill devised a plan to forgo the debts foreign countries amassed during the war and in return for funding an international educational program. It was through the belief that this program would be an essential vehicle to promote peace and mutual understanding between individuals, institutions and future leaders wherever they may be.^[7]

If we do not want to die together in war, we must learn to live together in peace.^[8]
— President Harry S. Truman

On August 1, 1946, President Harry S. Truman signed the bill into law, and Congress created the Fulbright Program in what became the largest education exchange program in history.

Since it began, the program has operated on a bi-national basis; each country active in the Fulbright Program has entered into an agreement with the U.S. government. The first countries to sign agreements were Cuba in 1947 and Burma, the Philippines, and Greece in 1948.^[7]

Program

2008 conference booth

Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations.^[9]
— Senator J. William Fulbright

The Fulbright Program works two ways: U.S. citizens may receive funding to go to a foreign country (U.S. Student Program, U.S. Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, etc.) and non-U.S. citizens may come to the U.S. (Foreign Student Program, Visiting Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, etc.).

Candidates recommended for Fulbright grants have high academic achievement, a compelling project proposal and/or statement of purpose, demonstrated leadership potential, and flexibility and adaptability to interact successfully with the host community abroad.

Fulbright grants are offered in almost all academic disciplines except clinical medical research involving patient contact. Fulbright grantees' fields of study span the fine arts, humanities, social sciences, mathematics, natural and physical sciences, and professional and applied sciences.^[10]

Student grants

The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to research, study, or teach English abroad for one academic year.
The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study.
The Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program provides opportunities for young English teachers from overseas to refine their teaching skills and broaden their knowledge of American culture and society while strengthening the instruction of foreign languages at colleges and universities in the United States.
The International Fulbright Science and Technology Award, a component of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, supports doctoral study at leading U.S. institutions in science, technology, engineering or related fields for outstanding foreign students. This program is currently on hiatus.
The Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U.S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one academic year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect. They share their experiences during their Fulbright year via video reports, blogs and podcasts.
The Fulbright-Clinton Fellowship provides the opportunity for U.S. students to serve in professional placements in foreign government ministries or institutions to gain hands-on public sector experience in participating foreign countries.^[11]

Scholar grants

The Fulbright Distinguished Chair Awards comprise approximately forty distinguished lecturing, distinguished research and distinguished lecturing/research awards ranging from three to 12 months. Fulbright Distinguished Chair Awards are viewed as among the most prestigious appointments in the U.S. Fulbright Scholar Program. Candidates should be eminent scholars and have a significant publication and teaching record.
The Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program sends American faculty members, scholars and professionals abroad to lecture and/or conduct research for up to a year.
The Fulbright Specialist Program sends U.S. faculty and professionals to serve as expert consultants on curriculum, faculty development, institutional planning, and related subjects at overseas academic institutions for a period of two to six weeks.
The Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program and Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence Program bring foreign scholars to lecture and/or conduct post-doctoral research for up to a year at U.S. colleges and universities.^[11]
The Fulbright Regional Network for Applied Research (NEXUS) Program is a network of junior scholars, professionals and mid-career applied researchers from the United States, Brazil, Canada, and other Western Hemisphere nations in a year-long program that includes multi-disciplinary, team-based research, a series of three seminar meetings, and a Fulbright exchange experience.

Teacher grants

The Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program supports one-to-one exchanges of teachers from K–12 schools and a small number of post-secondary institutions.
The Distinguished Fulbright Awards in Teaching Program sends teachers abroad for a semester to pursue individual projects, conduct research, and lead master classes or seminars.^[11]

Grants for professionals

The Hubert H. Humphrey Program brings outstanding mid-career professionals from the developing world and societies in transition to the United States for one year. Fellows participate in a non-degree program of academic study and gain professional experience.
The Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program sends American scholars and professionals abroad to lecture and/or conduct research for up to a year.
The Fulbright Specialist Program sends U.S. faculty and professionals to serve as expert consultants on curriculum, faculty development, institutional planning, and related subjects at overseas academic institutions for a period of two to six weeks.
The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to study abroad for one academic year. The Program also includes an English Teaching Assistant component.
The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study.^[11]

Fulbright–Hays Program

A portion of the Fulbright Program is a Congressional appropriation to the United States Department of Education for the Fulbright–Hays Program.
These grants are awarded to individual U.S. K through 14 pre-teachers, teachers and administrators, pre-doctoral students and post-doctoral faculty, as well as to U.S. institutions and organizations. Funding supports research and training efforts overseas, which focus on non-western foreign languages and area studies.^[12]

Administration

The program is coordinated by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the U.S. Department of State under policy guidelines established by the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board (FSB), with the help of 50 bi-national Fulbright commissions, U.S. embassies, and cooperating organizations in the U.S.^[3]

The U.S. Department of State is responsible for managing, coordinating and overseeing the Fulbright program. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs is the bureau in the Department of State that has primary responsibility for the administration of the program.

The Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board is a twelve-member board of educational and public leaders appointed by the President of the United States that determines general policy and direction for the Fulbright Program and approves all candidates nominated for Fulbright Scholarships.

Bi-national Fulbright commissions and foundations, most of which are funded jointly by the U.S. and partner governments, develop priorities for the program, including the numbers and categories of grants. More specifically, they plan and implement educational exchanges, recruit and nominate candidates for fellowships; designate qualified local educational institutions to host Fulbrighters; fundraise; engage alumni; support incoming U.S. Fulbrighters; and, in many countries, operate an information service for the public on educational opportunities in the United States.^[13]

In a country active in the program without a Fulbright commission, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy administers the Fulbright Program, including recruiting and nominating candidates for grants to the U.S., overseeing U.S. Fulbrighters on their grant in the country, and engaging alumni.

Established in 1919 in the aftermath of World War I, the Institute of International Education was created to catalyze educational exchange. In 1946, the U.S. Department of State invited IIE to administer the graduate student component and CIES to administer the faculty component of the Fulbright Program—IIE's largest program to date.^[14]

The Council for International Exchange of Scholars is a division of IIE that administers the Fulbright Scholar Program.

AMIDEAST administers Fulbright Foreign Student grants for grantees from the Middle East and North Africa (except Israel).

LASPAU: Academic and Professional Programs for the Americas administers the Junior Faculty Development Program, a part of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, for grantees from Central and South America and the Caribbean.

American Councils for International Education (ACTR/ACCELS) administers the Junior Faculty Development Program (JFDP), a special academic exchange for grantees from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Southeast Europe.

The Academy for Educational Development administers the Fulbright Classroom Teacher Exchange Program and the Distinguished Fulbright Awards in Teaching Program.

Related organizations

The Fulbright Association is an organization independent of the Fulbright Program and not associated with the U.S. Department of State. The Fulbright Association was established on Feb. 27, 1977, as a private nonprofit, membership organization with over 9,000 members. The late Arthur Power Dudden was its founding president. He wanted alumni to educate members of the U.S. Congress and the public about the benefits of advancing increased mutual understanding between the people of the United States and those of other countries. In addition to the Fulbright Association in the U.S., independent Fulbright Alumni associations exist in over 75 countries around the world.

The Fulbright Academy is an organization independent of the Fulbright Program and not associated with the U.S. Department of State. A non-partisan, non-profit organization with members worldwide, the Fulbright Academy focuses on the professional advancement and collaboration needs among the 100,000+ Fulbright alumni in science, technology and related fields. The Fulbright Academy works with individual and institutional members, Fulbright alumni associations and other organizations interested in leveraging the unique knowledge and skills of Fulbright alumni.

Notable alumni

Fulbright alumni have occupied key roles in government, academia, and industry. Of the 325,000+ alumni:

82 have received the Pulitzer Prize^[15]
57 have received a Nobel Prize^[16]
33 have served as head of state or government^[17]
10 have been elected to US Congress^[17]
1 has served as secretary general of the United Nations^[17]

The following list is a selected group of notable Fulbright grant recipients:^[18]

Ralph Abraham, American mathematician
William D. "Bro" Adams, university administrator and NEH Chair (2014–)
Cephas Yao Agbemenu African Art Professor and Traditional African Wood Carver-Traveler
Raj Aggarwal, American business and finance professor, former dean of University of Akron College of Business Administration
Shamshad Akhtar, Pakistani banker, former governor of the State Bank of Pakistan (2006–2009)
Arlene Alda, American author, photographer, and musician
Karim Alrawi, Egyptian/British author and playwright
Augusto Álvarez Rodrich, Peruvian economist and journalist
Kanwal Ameen, Author, Professor of Personality Development and Communication Skills, Director of Library and Information Science (LIS) University of the Punjab
Harold Amos, American microbiologist and professor
Francis Andersen, Australian Hebrew and biblical studies scholar
Nancy Andreasen, American neuroscientist, recipient of the National Medal of Science in 2000
Richard Antoun, American professor of anthropology at Binghamton University, murdered by graduate student in 2009
John Ashbery, American poet^[19]
Sima Avramovic, Serbian law professor and legal author
Mahmoud M. Ayoud, Lebanese scholar and professor of religious and inter-faith studies.
Craig Barrett, former chairman of the board of Intel Corporation
Söhnke M. Bartram, German economist
Gad Barzilai, professor of international studies, law, and political science, University of Washington
Debabrata Basu, the India-born mathematical-statistician, Florida State University
Ed Bishop, American actor, radio and theatre productions UFO TV Series
Melissa Block, American radio host, co-host of All Things Considered on National Public Radio
Robert Bly, American poet, translator, and editor^[20]
Amar Bose, chairman and founder of Bose Corporation
David G. Bradley, owner of the Atlantic Media Company and founder of the Advisory Board Company and the Corporate Executive Board
Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, American research scientist
Cathal Breslin, Northern Irish pianist, professor at University of Memphis, founder of Walled City Music Festival
Andrew Bridge, American author, advocate for children
Michael Bryant, Canadian politician, former Attorney General of Ontario
Storm Bull, American musician, composer, and educator
Anne Gorsuch Burford, U.S. EPA Administrator, 1981–1983
Dana Tai Soon Burgess, choreographer
Liam Byrne, British Labour politician
Ángel Cabrera, president, George Mason University
Steven Campbell, Scottish artist
Kyle Carey, Celtic American musician^[21]
Bob Carr, Australian politician
Ron Castan, Australian Constitutional law barrister
Lenora Champagne, playwright, performance artist and director
Dante R. Chialvo, scientist.
Dale Chihuly, glass sculptor and entrepreneur.
Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
A. D. Coleman, American photography critic and author
Nathan Collett, filmmaker
Aaron Copland, American composer
Vincent Cornell, professor of Islamic studies, Emory University
Prakash Chandra Lohani, Nepalese politician and ecomomist
Domenic Cretara, American painter and educator
Leah Curtis, Australian composer^[22]
Jose Dalisay, Jr., Filipino writer
Rana Dasgupta, British novelist and essayist
Ivan Davis, classical pianist
Max de Esteban, artist, photographer
Barbara Debs, former president of Manhattanville College (1975–1985)
Richard Debs, American investment banker, founding president of Morgan Stanley International Inc.
Daniel Dennett, American philosopher, writer and cognitive scientist
Niels Diffrient, American industrial designer
William C. Dowling, scholar, author, social critic
John W. Downey, contemporary classical composer
Peter Drysdale, economist, his work provided the intellectual foundations for the establishment of APEC
William Durden, president of Dickinson College
Taghreed El-Khodary, journalist
Ramez Elmasri, computer scientist, professor and author of Fundamentals of Databases
Erik Engstrom, CEO of Reed Elsevier
Jan Erkert, modern dance artist
Lee Evans, Olympic gold medalist
John T. Fesperman, conductor and organist
Charles Figley, president of the Green Cross academy of traumatology
Christian Filippella, film director and writer
Andrea Fitting, founder and CEO of Fitting Group, a challenger branding agency
Renée Fleming, soprano
John Miles Foley, scholar of comparative oral tradition
Carlo Forlivesi, composer and researcher
John Hope Franklin, James B. Duke professor emeritus of history at Duke University and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
Jonathan Franzen, novelist
John R. P. French, psychologist
John Lewis Gaddis, distinguished historian of the Cold War, Pulitzer Prize winner
James Allen Gähres, conductor (music) and pianist
András Gerevich, poet and screenwriter
Timothy S. George, scholar and historian
Riccardo Giacconi, physicist and 2002 Nobel Laureate
Gabrielle Giffords, US Congresswoman
Austan Goolsbee, economist and Presidential advisor
Solomon W. Golomb, American mathematician; inventor of polyominoes, the inspiration for the computer game Tetris.
Milton Glaser, graphic designer
Philip Glass, American composer
Betty Jane Gorin-Smith, Kentucky historian
Hedwig Gorski, performance poet, writer, dramatist
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, 4th President of the Republic of Croatia
George J. Graham, Jr., political theorist
John Granville, United States Agency for International Development diplomat assassinated in Sudan
Harold J. Grimm, Professor of History and an authority on the Protestant Reformation
Charles Gwathmey, architect
Zahi Hawass, Secretary General, The Supreme Council of Antiquities; Egypt
Neville Karunatilake, governor, Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Joseph Heller, author
Deborah Hertz, Herman Wouk Chair in Modern Jewish Studies at the University of California, San Diego
Garnet Hertz, Canada Research Chair in Design and Media Arts at Emily Carr University
Christof Heyns, Professor of Human Rights, former Dean of the University of Pretoria Faculty of Law and United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions
Urs Hölzle, Senior Vice President of Operations and Google Fellow at Google Inc.
Hao Huang, pianist and professor of music and American Studies
Edgar Hull, Louisiana physician
Greg Hunt, Australian Politician
Saeed Jaffrey, actor and recipient of an OBE
Frede Jensen, philologist, author, and professor
Trevor Joyce, poet and member of Aosdana
Alex Kahn, pageant performance artist
Kusuma Karunaratne, Sri Lankan academic, university administrator, professor and scholar of Sinhalese language and literature
William Kelly American/Australian artist, humanist and human-rights advocate and former Dean (1975–1982) of the Victorian College of the Arts, Australia.
Shirley Strum Kenny, president of Stony Brook University
Tomasz Kitliński, author
H.T. Kirby-Smith, author and poet
Suzanne Klotz, painter and sculptor^[23]

Arnold Krammer, two-time recipient, historian of Germany and the United States
Werner Krieglstein, a German-American University of Chicago fellow, philosopher, author, and actor
Saul Kripke, American philosopher and logician
S.M. Krishna, former chief minister of Karnataka, and the former Foreign Minister of India
Laila Lalami, author and essayist
Karen LaMonte, artist with works in the permanent collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the De Young Museum, and others.
Alexander Graf Lambsdorff, Diplomat and Member of the European Parliament
Koen Lenaerts, Belgian law scholar, elected President of the European Court of Justice in 2015
Ben Lerner, poet
Dennis Letts, American college professor and actor
Jack Levine, American painter and printmaker
Samer Libdeh, journalist and researcher
Daniel Libeskind, Polish-born American architect
William S.W. Lim, Hong Kong architect and author
John Lithgow, actor
Felicia Hardison Londré, theatre historian
B. P. Loughridge, cardiovascular surgeon
Alvin Lucier, composer of experimental music
Dolph Lundgren, actor and director
Reinhard H Luthin, historian and author
Robie Macauley, novelist, editor and literary critic
G. S. Maddala, econometrician
Annu Palakunnathu Matthew, photographer
Germain Marc'hadour, French literary historian
Walter E. Massey, physicist, former president of Morehouse College and Chairman (2009) of Bank of America.
Arthur Chute McGill, American Theologian and the Bussey Professor of Theology at Harvard from 1971 until 1980.
Martin V. Melosi, environmental and urban historian, University of Houston
John Mendelsohn, president of the University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
William D. Metz, historian and heritage conservation scholar
Lester Walter Milbrath, professor of political science, environmentalist, author
George Armitage Miller, psychologist and cognitive scientist
John Atta Mills, president of Ghana
Anna Moffo, operatic soprano
Richard Magnus Franz Morris, first Director General of National Social Security and Welfare Corporation, Republic of Liberia
Dipya Mongkollugsana, naval commander, Olympian, founding member of the Skeet & Trap Shooting Association of Thailand
Jürgen Mulert, economist, founder of the German Fulbright Alumni Association
Loretta Napoleoni, economist, author, journalist and political analyst
Robert Neffson, artist
Donna Nelson, chemistry professor; Nelson Diversity Surveys author, scientific workforce scholar
Robert S. Neuman, painter; Emeritus Professor of Art, Keene State College, University of New Hampshire: 1956.
Marcus Nispel, film director
Robert Nozick,^[24] American political philosopher
Hilda Ochoa-Brillembourg, president and CEO of Strategic Investment Group
Simon O'Neill, operatic tenor
Carlos Ott, Uruguayan architect
Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang, First female vice chancellor of a Ghanaian university
Olara Otunnu, Ugandan advocate for child rights, and Uganda Presidential Candidate in 2010
Tarik O'Regan, composer
Ron Padgett, American poet and translator
Peggy Pettitt, African-American actor and storyteller
Thomas R. Pickering, former US under secretary of state for political affairs
Sebastián Piñera, ex-president of Chile
Sylvia Plath, poet
Malur R. Narasimha Prasad or M. R. N. Prasad, Indian Endocrinologist and scientist at World Health Organisation.
Michael Pyatok, architect, Professor of Architecture at the University of Washington in Seattle
Fazlur Rahman Khan, Bangladeshi-American, structural engineer and architect.
Aneesh Raman, former CNN Middle East Correspondent and White House Speechwriter
Som Ranchan, Professor, author, and critic of Indian origin.
Bertram Raven, psychologist
John Rawls, Philosopher
Abdul Razaque, Scientist, social worker and Novelist.
Anand Reddi, global health advocate, physician-scientist
Stephan Reimertz, writer and art historian
Michael A. Rice, biologist and Rhode Island and state representative.
Andrew J. Robinson, actor and professor
Oussama Romdhani, former Tunisian Communications Minister
Michele van de Roer, contemporary French artist, painter, designer, and engraver
J.R. Rothstein, American real estate and employment attorney and mediator
Brian Rutenberg, American Abstract Artist
Shawna Yang Ryan, novelist, author, and professor
Stefan Sagmeister, Graphic Designer and Typographer
Theodore J. St. Antoine, Dean of University of Michigan School of Law and expert in labor relations and collective bargaining
Nilofar Sakhi, women's rights activist in Afghanistan
Ross Scaife, Founder and co-editor of The Stoa: A Consortium for Electronic Publication in the Humanities and founding editor of Suda On Line
Philip Schultz Poet^[25]
Benjamin Schwarz, literary editor and national editor, The Atlantic
Jonathan Shapiro ("Zapiro"), South African cartoonist
Mattew Sherman, U.S. government official
Sarai Sherman, twentieth-century American artist
Ruth J. Simmons, former president of Brown University
Ebenezer Sunder Singh, contemporary Indian artist
Jane Smiley, American author
Elbert B. Smith, American historian and author
Tom Smith, jazz musician, educator
Laura J. Snyder, historian, philosopher, and author
Javier Solana, former Secretary General of NATO and former EU High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy
Olen Steinhauer, author
Joseph Stiglitz, Nobel Prize–winning economist
F. Gordon A. Stone, English chemist and recipient of the Davy Medal
Terence Tao, mathematician, recipient of the Fields Medal
Julie Taymor, designer and director
Alfredo Toro Hardy, Venezuelan Ambassador to the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil, Chile, Ireland and Singapore
Sergio Troncoso, American novelist, short story writer, essayist
Jan Van Dyke, modern dancer and choreographer
Bruce Vawter, went on to become chairman of religious studies at De Paul University
Sasha Velour, American LGBTQ activist, drag performer, and 2017 winner of RuPaul's Drag Race
Massimiliano Versace, scientist and director of the Neuromorphics Lab at Boston University
Ernesto Villalobos, Mexican composer and award-winning violinist
Bernt Wahl, American mathematician, entrepreneur, author and Industry Fellow at U.C. Berkeley
Kameshwar C. Wali, theoretical physicist and author, professor of physics at Syracuse University
Patricia Wasley, dean of the College of Education at the University of Washington and renowned education scholar
David H. Wells, photographer and video-maker
Ulrich Wickert, German journalist and TV presenter
Colin H Williams, Professor, School of Welsh, Cardiff University
Shirley Williams, English Politician
Charles Wright, American poet^[25]
James Wright, American poet^[26]
Muhammad Yunus, Bangladeshi economist and founder of Grameen Bank, Nobel Prize winner
Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, Polish and American author
Razia Rahimtoola, Pakistani Pediatrician
Rama Nath Sharma, Professor of linguistics at University of Hawaii at Mānoa, specializing in Sanskrit grammar

J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding

The J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding, established in 1993, is awarded by the Fulbright Association to recognize individuals who have made extraordinary contributions toward bringing peoples, cultures, or nations to greater understanding of others.

Person	Year	Country
Nelson Mandela	1993	South Africa
Jimmy Carter	1994	United States
Franz Vranitzky	1995	Austria
Corazon Aquino	1996	Philippines
Václav Havel	1997	Czech Republic
Patricio Aylwin	1998	Chile
Mary Robinson	1999	Ireland
Martti Ahtisaari	2000	Finland
Kofi Annan	2001	Ghana
Sadako Ogata	2002	Japan
Fernando Henrique Cardoso	2003	Brazil
Colin Powell	2004	United States
Bill Clinton	2006	United States
Desmond Tutu	2008	South Africa
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation	2010	United States
Médecins Sans Frontières	2012	France
Hans Blix	2014	Sweden
Richard Lugar	2016	United States
Juan Manuel Santos	2017	Colombia

References

↑ "About Us | Fulbright Scholar Program". www.cies.org. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
↑ "IIE Programs". Institute of International Education. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
1 2 "Fulbright Program Fact Sheet" (PDF). U.S. Department of State.
↑ "53 Fulbright Alumni Awarded the Nobel Prize" (PDF). U.S. Department of State.
↑ "Notable Fulbrighters". U.S. Department of State.
↑ "Fulbright Sweden". 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
1 2 "Fulbright: The Early Years". U.S. Department of State.
↑ "Harry S. Truman: Address to the United Nations Conference in San Francisco". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 2012-12-20.
↑ "About Fulbright". U.S. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 2012-12-20.
↑ "Fields of Study/Project Topics". U.S. Department of State.
1 2 3 4 "Which Grant Is Right For Me? – Fulbright – International Educational Exchange Program". eca.state.gov. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
↑ "Archived: International Education Programs Service – Fulbright–Hays Programs: The World is Our Classroom". ed.gov. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
↑ "Fulbright Commissions". U.S. Department of State.
↑ "History | Who We Are | Institute of International Education". Iie.org. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
↑ "Pulitzer Prize Winners | Institute of International Education". Iie.org. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
↑ https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters. Missing or empty |title= (help)
1 2 3 "Fulbright Scholars | Embassy of the United States La Paz, Bolivia". Bolivia.usembassy.gov. 2011-03-31. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
↑ "Fulbright Alumni Craig R. Barrett, John Hope Franklin, and Shirley Strum Kenny Receive Lifetime Achievement Medals".
↑ Piccinnini, Douglas (2009). "Ashbery in Paris: Out of School". Jacket 2. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
↑ "Robert Bly". Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
↑ "Featured Fulbrighter – Kyle Carey". Fulbright Canada. Retrieved 2014-12-07.
↑ "'New' alumnus wins prestigious Fulbright postgraduate award". New College, University of New South Wales. New College, University of New South Wales. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
↑ Klotz, Suzanne. "Fulbright Scholar". Fulbright Scholar Program. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
↑ Juntin Wintle, Makers of modern culture, Routledge 2002.
1 2 "Fulbrighters & Pulitzer Prize Winners". US Department of State. US Department of State. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
↑ Gray, Jeffrey (2005). Mastery's End: Travel and Postwar American Poetry. Athens, GA: UGA Press. p. 145. Retrieved 12 October 2015.

External links

U.S. Department of State Fulbright Website, the program's sponsor
Fulbright–Hays information, U.S. Department of Education
Fulbright Student Program Homepage
Fulbright Scholar Program, grants for university and college faculty, administrators and professionals
Fulbright Teacher Exchange Programs, K–12 Teacher Exchange

Directories of past grantees

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.