Isotopes of francium
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Francium (87Fr) has no stable isotopes. A standard atomic weight cannot be given. Its most stable isotope is 223Fr with a half-life of 22 minutes, occurring in trace quantities as an intermediate decay product of 235U.
Of elements whose most stable isotopes have been identified with certainty, francium is the most unstable. All elements with atomic number of greater than or equal to 106 (seaborgium) have most-stable-known isotopes shorter than that of francium, but those elements have only a relatively small number of isotopes discovered, thus, there is the possibility of a yet-unknown isotope having a longer half-life.
List of isotopes
| nuclide symbol |
historic name |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[1][n 1] |
daughter isotope(s) |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | ||||||||||
| 199Fr | 87 | 112 | 199.00726(4) | 16(7) ms | 1/2+# | |||||
| 200Fr | 87 | 113 | 200.00657(8) | 24(10) ms | α | 196At | 3+# | |||
| 200mFr | 60(110) keV | 650(210) ms | α | 196At | 10−# | |||||
| IT (rare) | 200Fr | |||||||||
| 201Fr | 87 | 114 | 201.00386(8) | 67(3) ms | α (99%) | 197At | (9/2−) | |||
| β+ (1%) | 201Rn | |||||||||
| 202Fr | 87 | 115 | 202.00337(5) | 290(30) ms | α (97%) | 198At | (3+) | |||
| β+ (3%) | 202Rn | |||||||||
| 202mFr | 330(90)# keV | 340(40) ms | α (97%) | 198At | (10−) | |||||
| β+ (3%) | 202Rn | |||||||||
| 203Fr | 87 | 116 | 203.000925(17) | 0.55(2) s | α (95%) | 199At | (9/2−)# | |||
| β+ (5%) | 203Rn | |||||||||
| 204Fr | 87 | 117 | 204.000653(26) | 1.7(3) s | α (96%) | 200At | (3+) | |||
| β+ (4%) | 204Rn | |||||||||
| 204m1Fr | 50(4) keV | 2.6(3) s | α (90%) | 200At | (7+) | |||||
| β+ (10%) | 204Rn | |||||||||
| 204m2Fr | 326(4) keV | 1.7(6) s | (10−) | |||||||
| 205Fr | 87 | 118 | 204.998594(8) | 3.80(3) s | α (99%) | 201At | (9/2−) | |||
| β+ (1%) | 205Rn | |||||||||
| 206Fr | 87 | 119 | 205.99867(3) | ~16 s | β+ (58%) | 206Rn | (2+,3+) | |||
| α (42%) | 202At | |||||||||
| 206m1Fr | 190(40) keV | 15.9(1) s | (7+) | |||||||
| 206m2Fr | 730(40) keV | 700(100) ms | (10−) | |||||||
| 207Fr | 87 | 120 | 206.99695(5) | 14.8(1) s | α (95%) | 203At | 9/2− | |||
| β+ (5%) | 207Rn | |||||||||
| 208Fr | 87 | 121 | 207.99714(5) | 59.1(3) s | α (90%) | 204At | 7+ | |||
| β+ (10%) | 208Rn | |||||||||
| 209Fr | 87 | 122 | 208.995954(16) | 50.0(3) s | α (89%) | 205At | 9/2− | |||
| β+ (11%) | 209Rn | |||||||||
| 210Fr | 87 | 123 | 209.996408(24) | 3.18(6) min | α (60%) | 206At | 6+ | |||
| β+ (40%) | 210Rn | |||||||||
| 211Fr | 87 | 124 | 210.995537(23) | 3.10(2) min | α (80%) | 207At | 9/2− | |||
| β+ (20%) | 211Rn | |||||||||
| 212Fr | 87 | 125 | 211.996202(28) | 20.0(6) min | β+ (57%) | 212Rn | 5+ | |||
| α (43%) | 208At | |||||||||
| 213Fr | 87 | 126 | 212.996189(8) | 34.6(3) s | α (99.45%) | 209At | 9/2− | |||
| β+ (.55%) | 213Rn | |||||||||
| 214Fr | 87 | 127 | 213.998971(9) | 5.0(2) ms | α | 210At | (1−) | |||
| 214m1Fr | 123(6) keV | 3.35(5) ms | α | 210At | (8−) | |||||
| 214m2Fr | 638(6) keV | 103(4) ns | (11+) | |||||||
| 214m3Fr | 6477+Y keV | 108(7) ns | (33+) | |||||||
| 215Fr | 87 | 128 | 215.000341(8) | 86(5) ns | α | 211At | 9/2− | |||
| 216Fr | 87 | 129 | 216.003198(15) | 0.70(2) µs | α | 212At | (1−) | |||
| β+ (2×10−7%) | 216Rn | |||||||||
| 217Fr | 87 | 130 | 217.004632(7) | 16.8(19) µs | α | 213At | 9/2− | |||
| 218Fr | 87 | 131 | 218.007578(5) | 1.0(6) ms | α | 214At | 1− | |||
| 218m1Fr | 86(4) keV | 22.0(5) ms | α | 214At | ||||||
| IT (rare) | 218Fr | |||||||||
| 218m2Fr | 200(150)# keV | high | ||||||||
| 219Fr | 87 | 132 | 219.009252(8) | 20(2) ms | α | 215At | 9/2− | |||
| 220Fr | 87 | 133 | 220.012327(4) | 27.4(3) s | α (99.65%) | 216At | 1+ | |||
| β− (.35%) | 220Ra | |||||||||
| 221Fr | 87 | 134 | 221.014255(5) | 4.9(2) min | α (99.9%) | 217At | 5/2− | |||
| β− (.1%) | 221Ra | |||||||||
| CD (8.79×10−11%) | 207Tl 14C | |||||||||
| 222Fr | 87 | 135 | 222.017552(23) | 14.2(3) min | β− | 222Ra | 2− | |||
| 223Fr | Actinium K | 87 | 136 | 223.0197359(26) | 22.00(7) min | β− (99.99%) | 223Ra | 3/2(−) | Trace[n 2] | |
| α (.006%) | 219At | |||||||||
| 224Fr | 87 | 137 | 224.02325(5) | 3.33(10) min | β− | 224Ra | 1− | |||
| 225Fr | 87 | 138 | 225.02557(3) | 4.0(2) min | β− | 225Ra | 3/2− | |||
| 226Fr | 87 | 139 | 226.02939(11) | 49(1) s | β− | 226Ra | 1− | |||
| 227Fr | 87 | 140 | 227.03184(11) | 2.47(3) min | β− | 227Ra | 1/2+ | |||
| 228Fr | 87 | 141 | 228.03573(22)# | 38(1) s | β− | 228Ra | 2− | |||
| 229Fr | 87 | 142 | 229.03845(4) | 50.2(4) s | β− | 229Ra | (1/2+)# | |||
| 230Fr | 87 | 143 | 230.04251(48)# | 19.1(5) s | β− | 230Ra | ||||
| 231Fr | 87 | 144 | 231.04544(50)# | 17.6(6) s | β− | 231Ra | (1/2+)# | |||
| 232Fr | 87 | 145 | 232.04977(69)# | 5(1) s | β− | 232Ra | ||||
- ↑ Abbreviations:
CD: Cluster decay
IT: Isomeric transition - ↑ Intermediate decay product of 235U
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- ↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (Registration required (help)).
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
| Isotopes of radon | Isotopes of francium | Isotopes of radium |
| Table of nuclides | ||
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