Foreign relations of Georgia

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Georgia

Georgia's location, nestled between the Black Sea, Russia, and Turkey, renders it strategically important. It is developing as the gateway from the Black Sea to the Caucasus and the larger Caspian region, but also serves as a buffer between Russia and Turkey. Georgia has a long and tumultuous relationship with Russia, but it is reaching out to its other neighbours and looking to the West in search of alternatives and opportunities. It signed a partnership and cooperation agreement with the European Union, participates in the Partnership for Peace, and encourages foreign investment. France, Germany, South Korea the United Kingdom and the United States all have embassies in Tbilisi. Georgia in 2004-2008 sought to become a member of NATO, but did not succeed in the face of strong Russian opposition.[1]

Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. Because of its strategic location, Georgia is in both the Russian and American spheres of influence,[2] however Georgia's relationship with Russia is at its lowest point since 1921 due to controversies regarding espionage and the 2008 South Ossetia war. As a result, Georgia broke off diplomatic relations with Russia and has left the Commonwealth of Independent States.[3]

Relations by country

Neighboring countries

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia17 July 1992[4] See Armenia–Georgia relations
  • There are nearly 250,000 Armenians in Georgia, among them 115,000 living in Samtskhe-Javakheti and 83,000 in Tbilisi.[5] The Georgian minority in Armenia is less sizable.
  • Armenia and Georgia have a long history of cultural and political relations. The interaction peaked in the Middle Ages when both nations engaged in prolific cultural dialogue and allied themselves against the neighboring Muslim empires. There were frequent intermarriages between Armenian and Georgian the royal and noble families and both ethnicities intermingled in several border areas.
  • Armenia has an embassy in Tbilisi and general consulate in Batumi.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Yerevan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly and the EU's Eastern Partnership.
 Azerbaijan18 November 1992[6] See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
 Turkey21 May 1992[7]See Georgia–Turkey relations

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania8 July 1993[10]See Albania–Georgia relations
  • Albania is represented in Georgia through a non resident ambassador based in Ankara, (Turkey).
  • Georgia is represented in Albania through a non resident ambassador based in Ankara, (Turkey).
 Austria18 January 1993[11]
 BelarusSee Foreign relations of Belarus
 Bulgaria5 June 1992[12]See Bulgaria–Georgia relations
 Cyprus9 July 1993[15]See Georgia-Cyprus relations
 Czech Republic1 January 1993[16]See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
 Denmark1 July 1992[17]See Denmark–Georgia relations
 Estonia16 June 1992[18]See Foreign relations of Estonia
 Finland8 July 1992[19]See Foreign relations of Finland
 France21 August 1992[20]See Foreign relations of France
 Germany13 April 1992[21]
 Hungary14 May 1992[24]
 Italy11 May 1992[26]See Georgia–Italy relations
 Latvia11 March 1993[27]
 Lithuania16 September 1994[29]
 Malta1 February 1993[32]See Georgia–Malta relations
 Moldova25 June 1992[33]
 Netherlands21 April 1992[34]
  • Georgia has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Tbilisi.
 Poland28 April 1992[35]See Georgia–Poland relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tbilisi.
 Romania25 June 1992[36]
 Serbia26 June 1995[37]
 Sweden19 September 1992[39]See Georgia–Sweden relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • After the war, when Abkhazia and South Ossetia broke away from Georgia, Georgia and Sweden both did not recognize the independence of both states. There were protests near the Russian embassy in Stockholm, as the war was going on 12 August 2008. The protests was held by a group of Georgians and Swedes.
  Switzerland10 June 1992[40]
 Ukraine22 July 1992[42]See Georgia–Ukraine relations

Relations between Georgia and Ukraine and between the Georgian and Ukrainian people in particular last from the Middle Ages.

 United Kingdom27 April 1992[43]

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes¨
 Brunei1 March 2010[46]
 China9 June 1992[47]
 India28 September 1992[49] See Georgia–India relations
 Iran15 May 1992[51] See Persia-Georgia relations, Georgia–Iran relations
  • Persia and Georgia have had relations for thousands of years.
 Israel1 June 1992[52]See Georgia–Israel relations
 Japan3 August 1992[53] See Georgia–Japan relations
 Kazakhstan24 July 1992[54]
 Malaysia7 May 1993[55]
 MaldivesMarch 2010[56]
 Pakistan12 May 1992See Georgia–Pakistan relations
 North Korea See Foreign relations of North Korea
 South Korea14 December 1992[57] See Georgia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the South Korea and (Georgia) began on 14 December 1992.[58]
  • Georgia has an embassy in Seoul.[59]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Tbilisi.[58]
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 143 million US dollars
    • Imports 19 million US dollars
  • The number of the South Koreans living in Georgia in 2014 was about 50.

Rest of world

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria27 May 1993
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 27, 1993.[60]
  • Algeria is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Ankara Turkey.[60]
  • Georgia is represented in Algeria through its embassy in Madrid Spain.[60]
 Antigua and Barbuda11 April 2011[61] Antigua and Barbuda and Georgia established diplomatic relations on 11 April 2011, and signed a joint protocol.[61]
 Bahamas13 May 2011[62]
 Belize1 October 2015

Both countries established diplomatic relation on October 1, 2015.[63]

 Botswana15 January 2010[64] See Foreign relations of Botswana
 Canada23 July 1992[65]See Foreign relations of Canada
 Central African Republic22 December 2010[66]
 Comoros26 March 2010[67]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo14 January 2011[68]
 Dominica16 December 2010[69]
 Dominican Republic22 January 2010[70]
 Egypt11 May 1992[71]
 Equatorial Guinea23 June 2010[73]
 Eritrea24 February 2012[74]
 Fiji29 March 2010[75]
 Gambia21 April 2010[79]
 Grenada23 November 2011[80]
 Guatemala27 April 2010[81]
 Guinea-Bissau9 March 2011[82]
 Guyana23 April 2012[83]
 Haiti16 December 2011[84]
 Honduras9 March 2011[85]
 Lesotho23 September 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2013.[86]

 Malawi19 October 2011

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 19, 2011.[87]

 Mali9 May 2012[88]
 Mauritius5 March 2011[89]
 Mexico8 June 1992[90] See Georgia-Mexico relations
 Federated States of Micronesia12 August 2011[94]
 Namibia5 November 2015[95]
 Niger30 May 2012[96]
 Panama18 November 1998

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1998.[97]

 Paraguay9 March 2010[98]
 Rwanda10 March 2011[99]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis26 October 2011[100]
 Saint LuciaFebruary 2010[101]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines22 June 2010[102]
 Saudi Arabia27 May 1994[103]
 Seychelles15 March 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 15, 2013.[104][105]

 Solomon Islands12 March 2011[106]
 Somalia26 February 2011[107]
 South Africa
 South Sudan15 June 2012[108]
 Suriname28 May 2011[109]
 Swaziland20 May 2016

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 2016.[110]

 Tuvalu4 February 2011[111]16 February 2012[112]
31 March 2014[113]

On 16 February 2012 Georgia issued a presidential order ending diplomatic relations with Tuvalu. This comes in response to a visit by the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Willy Telavi, to Abkhazia and South Ossetia in September 2011, where he announced that the Pacific nation would recognise the two states.[112]

However, the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sopoaga retracted the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 31 March 2014 when Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister Taukelina Finikaso signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with Georgia. Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister said that his country supports Georgia’s territorial integrity in its international recognized borders.[113][114]

 Vanuatu15 July 2013[115] See Georgia–Vanuatu relations
 United States23 April 1992[116]See Georgia–United States relations

On 9 January 2009, the U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Georgian Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze signed a Charter on Strategic Partnership, a nonbinding document outlining areas of cooperation and reiterating the U.S. support for Georgia's territorial integrity and to Georgia's NATO membership.[117]

 Zambia14 October 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1993.[118]

No diplomatic relations

Country Formal Relations Notes
 Macedonia none Georgia has no diplomatic relations with the Republic of Macedonia. Georgia is especially interested in Republic of Macedonia's experience in the process of integration into the Transatlantic structures.[119]
 Nicaragua[120]14 September 1994[121]28 November 2008[122] Nicaraguan-Georgian diplomatic relations established on 19 September 1994[121] and ended on 29 November 2008. The Georgian Foreign Ministry said that it had cut diplomatic ties with Nicaragua in a response to the latter’s recognition of independence of breakaway South Ossetia and Abkhazia.[122]
 Russia[120]1 July 19922 September 2008[123]See Georgia–Russia relations

On 29 August 2008, in the aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war, Deputy Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze announced that Georgia had broken diplomatic relations with Russia. He also said that Russian diplomats must leave Georgia, and that no Georgian diplomat would remain in Russia, while only consular relations would be maintained. Russian foreign ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko said that Russia regretted this step.[124]

 TaiwannoneRepublic of China passports not valid for entry in Georgia.

Overview

Foreign relation of Georgia:
  Diplomatic relations established
  No diplomatic relations established
  Diplomatic relations terminated

Georgia has established relations with 171 countries, the Vatican City, Order of Malta and Palestine.[125][126][127]

Georgia has terminated its diplomatic relations with Russia[120][124] and Nicaragua.[120][122]

Georgia has not yet established diplomatic relations with:

See also

Further reading

References

  1. Andrei P. Tsygankov, "The Russia-NATO mistrust: Ethnophobia and the double expansion to contain 'the Russian Bear'" Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46.1 (2013): 179-188.
  2. Utiashvili, Tamta. "Why Is a Small State Like Georgia Important for the USA, the EU and Russia?". http://www.e-ir.info/. Retrieved 21 October 2014. External link in |website= (help)
  3. Kramer, Andrew. "Georgia and Russia Cut Diplomatic Ties". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  4. "Relations between Georgia and Republic of Armenia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  5. 1 2 2002 Georgia census Archived 31 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine..
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  8. Embassy of Georgia in Turkey
  9. "Embassy of Turkey in Georgia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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  13. Bulgarian embassy in Tbilisi
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  30. Georgian embassy in Vilnius
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  48. Chinese embassy in Tbilissi
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  57. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Korea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of Korea).
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  59. http://korea.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=851&lang_id=ENG
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  96. Georgia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines establish diplomatic relations
  97. Relations between Georgia and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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  108. United States-Georgia Charter on Strategic Partnership. Civil Georgia. 9 January 2009
  109. Georgia-Macedonia relations
  110. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Has recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence
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  113. "Relations between Georgia and Russia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  114. 1 2 Georgia breaks relations with Russia
  115. Georgia and Palestine diplomatic relations Archived 18 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  116. Bilateral Relations
  117. LIST OF COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH GEORGIA
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