Fokker 50

Fokker 50 / Fokker 60
Fokker 50 of CityJet
Role Airliner
National origin Netherlands
Manufacturer Fokker
First flight 28 December 1985
Introduction 1987
Status Out of production, in service
Produced 1985 - 1997
Number built 213
Unit cost
US$17.5 million
Developed from Fokker F27

The Fokker 50 is a turboprop-powered airliner, designed as a refinement of and successor to the highly successful Fokker F27 Friendship. The Fokker 60 is a stretched freighter version of the Fokker 50. Both aircraft were manufactured and supported by Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker.

The Fokker 50 was developed during the early 1980s following a decline in the sales of the company's earlier F27 Friendship. It was decided that the new airliner would be a derivative of its predecessor, sharing much of its airframe and design features, while incorporating new advances and several improvements, such as the adoption of Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127B turboprop engines, in order to produce a successor that had a 30 per cent reduction in fuel consumption over the F27.

The Fokker 50 performed its maiden flight on 28 December 1985, and entered revenue service during 1987. The Fokker 60 has been operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF), ex-RNLAF aircraft are also in service with the Peruvian Naval Aviation and the Republic of China's Air Force.

Development

Fokker 50

By the early 1980s, the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker, who had identified that sales of the Fokker F27 Friendship, a turboprop-powered airliner which had been in continual production since 1958, were beginning to decline.[1] Accordingly, the company decided to conduct a series of design studies for follow-up products to the key elements of their existing product line, these being the centered around the F27 and the Fokker F28 Fellowship jet airliner. In November 1983, Fokker decided to commence simultaneous work on two development projects to develop a pair of new airliners - these being the Fokker 100, which was to succeed the F28, and the Fokker 50, which was the successor to the F27.[1] The Fokker 50 programme suffered some delays, leading to the first aircraft being delivered more than a year following the final F27 delivery.[2]

The Fokker 50 was basically an amalgamation of various refinements and improvements which had been made to the design of the F27 Friendship.[1] As a result of these modifications, such as the adoption of Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127B turboprop engines, Fokker was able to progressively reduce the F27's fuel consumption by 30 per cent. Various different propeller designs were adopted over timespan of the aircraft's production, while an increasing proportion of composite materials were used in the airframe, adjustments to the wing design, and a higher degree of cockpit automation were areas of major advances of the Fokker 50 over its predecessor.[1]

Fokker partnered with several companies to manufacture portions of the Fokker 50; these included the wing being produced by Belgian aerospace firm SABCA, fuselage sections made by French aircraft manufacturer Dassault Aviation, flaps and other components manufactured by German aerospace company Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), and vertical stabilizers and horizontal stabilizers built by Japanese multinational corporation Fuji Heavy Industries.[1] A pair of prototypes, derived from F27 airframes, were produced; on 28 December 1985, the first of these prototypes performed its maiden flight.[3] In 1987, certification of the Fokker 50 by the Dutch aviation authority RLD was successfully completed, and the first production aircraft was subsequently delivered to German airline DLT Luftverkehrsgesellschaft mbH (DLT). DLT and Ansett Airlines of Australia served as the airliner's launch customers.

Termination and further development

Multiple Fokker 50 airliners being assembled, August 1987

During 1994, Fokker had been incurring sizable losses on its operations, which led to cuts in the output of the Fokker 50 and threatened its long term viability.[4] During early 1995, the firm embarked upon a major restructuring programme, including efforts to renegotiate prices with its suppliers, in what was viewed by aerospace publication Flight International as a last-ditch effort to save the company in its current form.[5][6] By July 1995, Fokker was in negotiations with the Dutch government over the terms for a potential bailout of the company as losses continued to mount.[7][8] Fokker's owner, Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG (DASA), had agreed to provide a rescue deal for the company, but this was contingent upon Dutch government participation.[9]

In March 1996, production of the Fokker 50 was terminated as a consequence of Fokker itself having been forced into a state of bankruptcy.[10][11] The financial difficulties suffered by the firm had been in part caused by the massive cost overruns which had been incurred on both the Fokker 50 and Fokker 100, as well as due to intense competition within the regional airliner sector that Fokker had designed and marketed these aircraft towards, which had not been helped by delays to the program in the face of multiple modern competitors in the form of the Saab 340, ATR 42 and Bombardier Dash 8. Despite repeated increases cost-efficiency of production realised within the final 12 months of production, these did not prove enough to save the company.[12]

During 1997, as a result of the company having entered into liquidation, the final Fokker 50 aircraft was delivered that year. By the end of the program, a total of 213 Fokker 50s had been completed.[13] As early as May 1996, proposals for the partial or complete restart of production of the type were mooted, amongst these being interest from Indian aerospace firm Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in establishing a Fokker 50 assembly line in India, however these did not come about.[14][15][16]

In 1996, Fokker Services was established; holding the type certificate for the Fokker 50, the organisation provides comprehensive support and services to operators of the type, including training, logistics support, maintenance, modification, and engineering services.[17] By August 2006, a total of 171 Fokker 50 aircraft remained within airline service; major operators included: Avianca (10), Denim Air (12), Skyways Express (18) and VLM Airlines (20). Some 27 other airlines including Air Astana also operate smaller numbers of the type.[18] Between March 2013 and September 2014, a pair of Fokker 50s were based at EHLE Lelystad airport in their Royal Netherlands Air Force livery; both aircraft had been purchased by the Peruvian Navy and were subsequently transferred.[19]

Fokker 60

Fokker 60 of the Royal Netherlands Air Force

The Fokker 60 is stretched version of the Fokker 50, being 1.62 m (5.31 ft) longer for a total length of 26.87 m (88.16 ft).[20] It featured a large cargo door on the right side, immediately behind the cockpit, for loading/unloading. Only four examples of the Fokker 60 were ever completed, all of which were delivered to the Royal Netherlands Air Force. All of them were part of 334 Squadron based at Eindhoven Airport. The type was typically used to transport equipment and soldiers, while it was occasionally used for paradrop operations as well.

Another 60 were under construction, but ultimately never completed due to Fokker's bankruptcy. In 2005, a pair of Fokker 60s (U-01, U-03) were converted to serve as maritime patrol aircraft as a temporary solution when it was decided to phase out the Royal Netherlands Navy P-3 Orions as a result of budget cuts. For two years, these aircraft were stationed at Hato AB Curaçao prior to their replacement in the form of civil-operated Bombardier DHC-8 aircraft in October 2007. Due to the Royal Netherlands Air Force having decided to procure two extra Lockheed C-130s, the Fokker 60s were phased out. All four Fokker 60 that were stored at Woensdrecht Air Base were sold to the Peruvian Naval Aviation, the first two planes were delivered on 8 June 2010 and the second batch of two planes are delivered at the end of 2010.

Design

Cockpit of a Fokker 50

The Fokker 50 is a twin turboprop-powered airliner. It was based on the earlier highly successful Fokker F27 Friendship, specifically the stretched F27-500 model. Structurally, the Fokker 50 owes much to the F27; basic construction of the fuselage, wings and empennage, which made extensive use of composite materials, hot-bonded structures and anti-corrosion treatments, remained mainly unchanged between the two aircraft apart from the strengthening of various sections where required.[17] There were some changes made to specific areas of the aircraft, such as the wing being equipped with upturned ailerons and wingtips that effectively acted as wing endplates or winglets, it was also fitted with a larger number of smaller windows in the fuselage and a new two-wheel nose gear configuration, the latter enabling stable operations under uneven crosswind conditions.[17]

Perhaps the most major design change from the preceding Fokker F27 was the choice of engines used for the Fokker 50. The original Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engines that had powered various marks of the F27, which had broadly provided between 1,268-1715 kW (1,700-2,300 hp), were replaced by a pair of more fuel efficient Pratt & Whitney Canada PW124 powerplants, each capable of generating 1,864 kW (2,500 hp) of thrust, which drove sets of six-bladed Dowty Rotol propellers. These slow-turning propellers, along with other measures such as vibration absorbers, eliminate the need for active noise control systems while providing an average cabin noise level of 77 dBs.[17]

The Fokker 50, unlike the F27, was furnished with a glass cockpit which incorporated an electronic flight instrument system and a automatic flight control system, the latter being certified for conducting Cat II approaches.[17] The flying controls include a unique single lever that is capable of controlling both engine power and actuating the variable-pitch propellers, reducing complexity and pilot workload. The cockpit also features an three-stage integrated altering system that issues warnings to the flying crew.[17]

Head-on view of a Fokker 50

The Fokker 50 can carry up to 62 passengers over a range of 1,080 nm (1,243 mi, 2,000 km ) at a typical speed of 286 knots (530 km/h 329 mph), a 27  knots (31 mph, 50 km/h) increase over the Fokker F27. Typical passenger seating arrangements range from 46-56 passengers, which includes overhead bins and a relatively wide central aisle.[17] The airliner features a total of 4 external doors along with integral airstairs, which enables quicker turnaround times through the faster egress and boarding of passengers and crew alike. Features such as an auxiliary power unit (APU), new generation slim seating and LED lighting in the cabin are also available as options and can be retrofitted to existing aircraft based upon customer demand.[17]

The Fokker 50 is capable of using the majority of airports worldwide, including operations from unpaved surfaces, and has been described as possessing "first-rate short field performance" and capable of performing steep approaches to access airports such as London City Airport.[17] The type has typically been marketed toward replacing older commuter and regional airliners in the 19-50 seat range.[17] Although of possessing a design heavily dependent upon a previous generation of airliners, the Fokker 50 has often been highly appreciated by owners and pilots alike for its reliability, economics and flight characteristics. According to Fokker Services, the Fokker 50 possesses relatively low operational costs per trip and attributes this to its low maintenance costs, high reliability, competitive support.[17]

Variants

Interior of a Fokker 50 of Skyways Express

Fokker 50

F27 Mark 050
Marketed as the Fokker 50 (or sometimes referred to as the Fokker 50-100), based on the F27 Mark 500 with two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW125B or PW127B turboprop engines with six-bladed propellers, updated systems and cockpit instrumentation, increased use of composite structure, double the number of windows, change from pneumatic to hydraulic systems and addition of electronic engine and propeller controls and an electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) and integrated warning system.[21]
F27 Mark 0502
Marketed as the Fokker 50, same as the 050 with reconfigured interior layout and change in type of aft emergency exits, six built (two for the Royal Netherlands Air Force, two for the Republic of Singapore Air Force and two for Royal Brunei Air Force).[21] MSN 20280 built 1993 was fitted with PW125B Engines and an APU.

Fokker 60

F27 Mark 0604
Marketed as the Fokker 60, same as the 0502 with an increased fuselage length (1.02 m/3.34 ft in front of wing and 0.80 m/2.63 ft aft of wing), increased design weight and introduction of a large cargo door in the forward right side of the fuselage. Two Pratt & Whitney PW127B turboprop engines, four built.[21]

Operators

As of October 2012 124 aircraft were still in operational use with airlines.[22]


Fokker 50 civil operators

Uploaded 23 February 2016. Only operators with 5 units or more.[23]

airBaltic Fokker 50 at Riga International Airport
Fokker 50 - Ethiopian Airlines at Lalibela airport
 Australia
 Bangladesh
 Curaçao
 Iran

Iranian Naft Airlines (6)

Qeshm Air (5)

 Kenya
 Panama
 Sweden
 Venezuela
 Mexico
 Slovenia

Fokker 50 military and government operators

Fokker 50 - Royal Netherlands Air Force
Tanzania Government Flight Agency Fokker 50

The following governments or military operators currently fly the Fokker 50 in passenger or cargo roles:[25]

 Peru
 Republic of China
Republic of China Air Force Fokker 50 for VIP transport
 Singapore
 Tanzania
 Thailand

Former operators

Regional services were flown by Malaysia Airlines using Fokker 50s until the takeover by FlyAsianXpress and subsequently MASwings
Local services were flown by Air Zimbabwe using Fokker 50s were used from 1995 but proved unsuitable to the hot conditions in the country
 Angola
 Australia
 Austria
 Belgium
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Brazil
 Colombia
 Denmark
 Estonia
 Germany
 India
 Ireland
 Kazakhstan
 Kenya
 Latvia
 Luxembourg
 Malaysia
 Mongolia
 Netherlands
 Nigeria
 Norway
 Philippines
 Spain
 Sweden
 Taiwan
 United Kingdom
 Zimbabwe

Fokker 60 military operators

 Peru

Former operators

 Netherlands

Accidents and incidents

Specifications (series 100)

Main cabin of a commuter-configured Fokker 50
Main cabin of a government-configured Fokker 50
Rearview of a Fokker 50

Data from airlines.net[30]

General characteristics

Fokker 60: 26.87 m (88.16 ft)
Fokker 60: 22,950 kg (50,596 lb)
Fokker 60: 2x 1,953 kW (2,619 hp) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127B turboprop engines

Performance

Fokker 60: 469 km/h (291 mph)

Armament

two × AGM-84D Harpoon missiles and radar, sonar systems (Republic of Singapore Air Force Fokker 50s)

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Eriksson and Steenhuis 2015, p. 44.
  2. ↑ Eriksson and Steenhuis 2015, pp. 44-45.
  3. 1 2 Aviation Herald - accident report. Retrieved: 19 November 2012
  4. ↑ "Fokker losses hit record." Flight International, 22 March 1995.
  5. ↑ O'Toole, Kevin. "Fokker slashes costs in new restructuring plan." Flight International, 8 March 1995.
  6. ↑ "Fokker plans new Indian link." Flight International, 17 May 1995.
  7. ↑ O'Toole, Kevin. "Fokker in capital crisis as losses rise mount." Flight International, 12 July 1995.
  8. ↑ Jeziorski, Andrzej. "Fokker submits its bail-out plan to Dutch Government." Flight International, 13 September 1995.
  9. ↑ Jeziorski, Andrzej. "DASA stands by ailing Fokker." Flight International, 3 January 1996.
  10. ↑ "Fokker's future hangs in balance." Flight International, 1 March 1996.
  11. ↑ O'Toole, Kevin. "Fokker bankrupt." Flight International, 20 March 1996.
  12. ↑ Eriksson and Steenhuis 2015, pp. 45-46, 55.
  13. ↑ Eriksson and Steenhuis 2015, pp. 45-46.
  14. ↑ O'Toole, Kevin. "Fokkers could be back in production." Flight International, 15 May 1996.
  15. ↑ "HAL considers taking over assembly of Fokker 50." Flight International, 18 December 1996.
  16. ↑ "Fokker hopes focus on Malaysian rescue." Flight International, 26 February 1997.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Fokker 50: Top quality, cost-effective turboprop." Fokker Services, February 2014.
  18. ↑ Flight International, 3–9 October 2006.
  19. ↑ "Peruvian Navy buys surplus Dutch F50s." Flight International, Retrieved on 19 September 2014.
  20. ↑ Eriksson and Steenhuis 2015, p. 45.
  21. 1 2 3 EASA Type Certificate
  22. ↑ "World Airliner Census". Flight International: 37–59. 18 August 2009.
  23. ↑ "Fokker F50 Production List".
  24. ↑ "VLM Slovenia prepares for takeoff". EX-YU Aviation News. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
  25. ↑ "Mainpage Services - Fokker". fokkerservices.com. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  26. ↑ BH Airlines at rzjets.com, retrieved 13-12-2014
  27. ↑ Accident description for 9M-MGH at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 15 September 2013.
  28. ↑ "Breaking: Four feared dead as cargo plane crashes at Utawala near GSU training school". The Star. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  29. ↑ "4 killed as cargo plane crashes in Nairobi - Capital News". 2 July 2014.
  30. ↑ airlines.net

Bibliography

  • Eriksson, Sören and Harm-Jan Steenhuis. The Global Commercial Aviation Industry. Routledge, 2015. ISBN 1-13667-239-7.
  • European Aviation Safety Agency Type-Certificate Data Sheet - Fokker F27 (TCDS A.036 Issue 2 20 May 2005)
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