Flexity Outlook (Toronto streetcar)

Flexity Outlook

Flexity Outlook 4403 on route 510 Spadina
Manufacturer Bombardier Transportation
Built at
Family name Flexity
Replaced Canadian Light Rail Vehicle, Articulated Light Rail Vehicle
Constructed 2009–present
Entered service August 31, 2014[1]
Fleet numbers 4400-4603
Capacity 70 (seats), 181 (standing), 251 total[2]
Operator(s) Toronto Transit Commission
Depot(s) Leslie Barns
Line(s) served Toronto streetcar system
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless Steel
Train length 30.20 m (99 ft 1 in)[1]
Car length 28 m (91 ft 10 in)[1]
Width 2.54 m (8 ft 4 in)[1]
Height 3.84 m (12 ft 7 in)
Doors 4 (right side only)[1]
Articulated sections 5[1]
Maximum speed 70 km/h (43 mph)
Weight 48,200 kg (106,300 lb)
Electric system(s) 600 V DC[1] Overhead trolley wire[1]
Current collection method Trolley pole[1] and can convert to pantograph
Minimum turning radius 11 metres (36.09 ft)[1]
Track gauge 4 ft 10 7⁄8 in (1,495 mm) TTC gauge[1]

The Flexity Outlook is the latest model in the rolling stock of the Toronto streetcar system owned by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Based on the Flexity Outlook vehicles used in several European cities, the new streetcars were first ordered in 2009 and are built by Bombardier Transportation in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada with specific modifications for Toronto, such as unidirectional operation and the ability to operate on the Toronto gauge.

The first new streetcars were deployed for revenue service on route 510 Spadina in 2014, while later deliveries were introduced on routes 509 Harbourfront and 514 Cherry. They are stored at Leslie Barns, a maintenance and storage facility of the TTC completed in 2015. They will replace the existing fleet of streetcars, the iconic Canadian Light Rail Vehicle (CLRV) and Articulated Light Rail Vehicle (ALRV) streetcars, which have been used since the 1970s and 1980s, respectively as more of the new streetcars arrive and enter service.

The Flexity Outlook is the first modern low-floor and wheelchair accessible streetcar used in the city. With a length of over 30 metres (98 ft), they are also the largest streetcars in the system. They have four sliding doors, air conditioning systems, seating of up to 70 passengers, and interior bicycle racks.[3][4] The new streetcars include two on-board Fares and Transfers Vending Machines (FTVM)s along with ticket validators, Presto card readers and introduced the use of proof-of-payment (POP) system.

Toronto's light rail lines (such as the Line 5 Eglinton, to open in 2021) will use the Flexity Freedom light rail vehicle, which like the Flexity Outlook is also a low-floor, wheelchair accessible vehicle. The two models are not compatible for several reasons including track gauge.

History

A mockup of the first three sections of the new vehicle on public display in 2011

With the TTC's streetcar fleet nearing the end of its service life, the commission began looking for a manufacturer to build new streetcars. In mid-2009, the TTC announced that it had chosen the Bombardier Flexity Outlook to replace the CLRV and ALRV fleet on its streetcar network, most of which serves Toronto's downtown core.[5]

On June 26, 2009, the Toronto City Council approved funding for 204 new vehicles and signed the contract with Bombardier.[6] A partial mockup of the new streetcar was put on display at the Bathurst Hillcrest Complex for tours in November 2011. The first operating vehicle arrived in September 2012 and was unveiled to the public and media in November 2012.[7][8][9] Beginning in 2013, the new Flexity streetcars were tested on several routes, and the first two entered revenue service on August 31, 2014 on the 510 Spadina route.[10]

Specifications

Flexity Outlook #4402

The vehicle is based on the Flexity Outlook product, but tailored to Toronto's needs. The vehicles use TTC's unique track gauge (4 ft 10 7⁄8 in/​1,495 mm) rather than standard gauge, and trolley poles using 600 V DC for power collection. Other design requirements such as the ability to handle tight turning radii and single-point switches,[11] climb steep hills and valleys, clearance, and ability to upgrade into a more modern pantograph current collection system were factored into the design. The Outlook is almost twice as long as the TTC's older streetcars, and has five articulated sections.[1]

Fare collection

The new Flexity streetcars are equipped with two fare vending and ticket validator machines located beside the middle doors

In the Flexity vehicles the operator is not responsible for fare collection and normally does not provide paper transfers to passengers, since the operator sits inside a closed cab. As such, a proof-of-payment (POP) system is used at all times (this applies on all TTC streetcar routes across the network).[12]

The POP system requires passengers to carry proof that they have paid their fares, such as a validated TTC ticket, paper transfer, pass or Presto card. This is enforced via random spot-checks by the TTC's fare enforcement officers (either on board the cars or upon arrival at designated subway stations).

There are two Fare and Transfer Vending Machines (FTVM) where passengers pay their fares by coins, tokens or contactless credit/debit cards, and obtain a paper POP transfer (though change is not provided). Those using senior/student tickets must date/time stamp their ticket by inserting the ticket inside a separate "TTC Ticket Validator" box located beside the FTVM. These machines are situated beside the double-doors in the second and fourth modules of each car. Since November 30, 2014, the new streetcars have Presto card readers with one at each door and two at each of the double-doors.[13]

Audible warning signals

The Flexity streetcars are equipped with a bell/gong and a horn (which can be heard from both ends of the vehicle).

Instead of the mechanical gongs used on older vehicles, the Flexity vehicles use an amplified digital recording of a gong. They are also the first vehicles to have built-in electronic horns fleet-wide upon delivery, while most of the CLRV and ALRV streetcars had their horns installed in the late 1990s.

Destination sign

The Flexity streetcars are the TTC's first streetcars to be outfitted with amber digital LED destination and run number signs rather than manually-operated roller blinds used on older vehicles. The destination signs are posted at the front, rear, and sides of the vehicle, which identify the route number, name, and destination. Older vehicles only display the route number and destination. The Flexity streetcars also display two blue bullseye lights on the front to indicate that they are accessible vehicles.

Automated voice announcement system

As with all TTC vehicles, the Flexity streetcars have on-board automated audible/visual next stop announcements, which are broadcast over the vehicle's interior public address system and on overhead signs. They are the first TTC vehicles to be outfitted with external PA systems that announce the vehicle's route and destination, and it can be used for live operator-based public service announcements.

Accessibility

As the Flexity streetcars are the TTC's first low-floor streetcars, they are accessible for passengers using mobility devices. Only one step is needed to board at any door, and an extendable loading ramp for users in wheelchairs, strollers or other mobility devices is located at the second set of doors of the vehicle. The passenger can signal the operator to deploy the ramp by pressing the blue wheelchair accessibility button by the inside or outside of this door.[11]

The ramp has two modes: if the streetcar stop is alongside a curb or raised platform, only a short portion is extended (the operator can open the ramp either from inside the driver booth or from the outside of the vehicle); if only street level is available, the operator will exit the vehicle and a further length of the ramp would extend to allow access at that level.[11]

According to Greg Ernst, TTC's chief streetcar engineer, each Flexity steetcar deploys its ramp four times a day on average.[14]

Wheel squeal

The Flexity cars are equipped with an on-board wheel lubrication system to reduce squeal when the cars go around sharp curves. The TTC is also developing a wheel-mounted noise damping ring to further reduce high-pitch squeal, and hopes to begin prototype testing in Q4, 2017. The TTC is working to install improved lubrication system units at streetcar loops that are activated by the passage of a Flexity car. These provide partial solutions to the problem. Other factors affecting wheel squeal on Flexity cars are:[15]

Training

On September 29, 2014, Chris Bateman, writing in the Toronto Life magazine, described a new simulator that was being installed in the Hillcrest Complex to train drivers on the Flexity vehicles. It replaces an analogue trainer used to train drivers on the CLRVs. The system allows drivers to simulate navigating the TTC's entire streetcar routes, depicting landmark buildings, including the CN Tower and El Mocambo with most of the buildings along the simulated route being generic. The simulator has a full-scale Flexity cab with the windshield replaced by a curved computer graphics screen. The trainee in the cab can hear simulated street sounds. Connected to the simulator is a nearby trainer's station, from which a trainer can simulate problems for the trainee such as traffic interference, weather conditions and power outages. The simulator can track trainee errors.[16]

Delivery

TTC Flexity streetcar on 509 Harbourfront line at Exhibition Loop

Prototypes

The first vehicle arrived in Toronto on September 25, 2012 by rail from the Thunder Bay plant to Canadian Pacific Railway’s Lambton Yard near Runnymede Road and St. Clair Avenue West.[17][18]

It was loaded on a truck/trailer flatbed and arrived at Harvey Shop at the Hillcrest Complex a few days later. Car 4400 was the first of three test vehicles delivered for testing and technology verification. The carset has the same number as the wooden mockup car. The new vehicle was unveiled to the public at the TTC's Hillcrest complex during a media conference on November 15, 2012.[19][20]

The TTC added a railway siding with an unloading ramp at the Hillcrest Complex for the unloading of Flexity streetcars shipped by Bombardier. (The ramp was not finished in time for the arrival of 4400.) A CLRV streetcar is used as a tractor to pull a new Flexity off of the railway flatcar and down the ramp.[21]

Prototype vehicles 4401 and 4402 went undergoing almost a year of extensive testing in Toronto. That testing triggered a change to the design of the loading ramps, over which a wheelchair used to tilt. The vehicles would only become TTC property when their ramps are retrofitted to the new design.[22][14]

According to TTC CEO Andy Byford, the first Flexity streetcars were so poorly manufactured, the TTC would not accept them for fear they would break down on bumpy city streets. At the Thunder Bay plant, when workers went to attach the under-frame to the sidewalls, they had found they were not square. To solve the problem, they wanted to rivet the two pieces together. The TTC rejected that solution, as according to Byford, rivets pop. There were still issues with loose screws, wiring and electrical connectors as of May 2015. To address these problems, Bombardier retooled its Mexican operation in Sahagun City, Hidalgo (a former Concarril facility) and implemented new quality-assurance processes at Thunder Bay.[23][14]

Revenue vehicles

In July 2014, a labour strike started at the Bombardier Thunder Bay plant. TTC spokesman Brad Ross said that despite the strike, the new vehicles would enter service on time even if there was only one new vehicle ready for fare service.[24] (Bombardier workers voted to accept a new contract on September 12, 2014.[25]) Tess Kalinowski, the Toronto Star's transportation columnist, wrote that the Bombardier plan had been scheduled to roll out a new vehicle every three weeks, but that measures would be taken to roll out three new vehicles per month until production was back on schedule.[26]

The Flexity streetcars 4400 and 4403 entered service on August 31, 2014 on the 510 Spadina streetcar line.[26][27][28][24][29] Car 4403 was delivered on May 31, 2014. After Bombardier modified the loading ramp module, prototype car 4400 was returned to the TTC on July 4, 2014 ready for revenue service.[22] The TTC had hoped to start with six Flexity vehicles in 510 service but had to settle for just two because of production problems including the Bombardier labour strike.[14]

From 2014, Bombardier had supply chain problems resulting in situations of having too many of some components and stock-outs of others, the latter resulting in production delays. Each vehicle consisted of roughly 10,000 components.[14]

In September 2014, a month after the rollout of fare service on the Spadina line, Kalinowski reported that riders of other routes were expressing jealousy and impatience over the delay before new vehicles were ready to serve their routes.[26]

Before putting a newly delivered Flexity streetcar into service, the TTC tests its components, performs 600 kilometres of test running on the street, and installs the Presto fare machines. If the testing goes well, the TTC puts the new streetcar into service.[30]

Delivery problems

On December 19, 2014, Tess Kalinowski, reporting in the Toronto Star, wrote that Bombardier was behind schedule in delivering new vehicles.[31] She wrote that by mid-December Bombardier should have delivered 43 vehicles, but had only delivered three. Seven new vehicles should have been delivered in 2013. She noted that TTC CEO Andy Byford had warned Bombardier that he would insist on Bombardier meet the final schedule of all vehicles in time for new streetcars to replace the old fleet by 2019, or he would impose the penalty clauses in the delivery contract. One additional vehicle was expected to be delivered before the end of the year.

Natalie Alcoba, writing in the National Post, reported on January 28, 2015, that the Leslie Barns facility for the new vehicles was expected to be almost empty, when it opened later in 2015, because Bombardier had fallen so far behind in delivery.[32]

On February 23, 2015, TTC Chair Josh Colle said Bombardier had agreed to deliver vehicles more frequently, and he expected a total of 30 vehicles to be delivered by the end of 2015.[33] That goal was only achieved 1 year later at the end of 2016.[34] According to the original plan, Bombardier was to have delivered 73 Flexity streetcars by the end of 2015, [35] but had delivered only 15.[22]

By mid-October 2015, Bombardier admitted it had another production problem at its Sahagun plant in Mexico, the same one responsible for faulty under-frames and sides on the new streetcars. The new problem is the "crimping of electrical connectors" causing a new production and delivery delay. To correct the crimping issue, Bombardier has to effectively check 20,000 wires per vehicle requiring about 13 to 16 extra shifts per vehicle. Bombardier hopes to make up for the delay in 2016, when it would produce one streetcar every five days.[36] The previous delivery (4411) was on September 15, 2015; the next delivery (4412) was on October 27, 2015.[22]

Welding at the Sahagun plant was also causing production problems. There was an inadequate knowledge transfer from German staff. Until 2016, there was also a high turnover of Mexican welders because of better paying jobs elsewhere. To address the problem, Bombardier had to hire more expertize, and strive to retain plant staff. Six welding techniques were originally used to build Flexity components, but this was later reduced to two to simplify production.[14]

The earlier welding problems at the Sahagun plant had an impact at the Thunder Bay plant.[37] Thus, delivery of the seventeenth car (4418) in Toronto was to be delayed to March 24, 2016. (The previous delivery was on February 10, 2016.)[22] Bombardier also had promised to deliver four more new streetcars in April with the commitment to have 54 streetcars running in Toronto by the end of 2016.[37] However, Bombardier backed off this promise, saying it would only deliver 16 new streetcars in 2016, that is, 13 more than had already been delivered by April 25, 2016, an average of less than two deliveries per month. Bombardier says it will use a second manufacturing plant in La Pocatière, Quebec, along with an additional assembly line in an unspecified location to help with production being completed in Thunder Bay. Bombardier hopes that the La Pocatière site will address the “dimensional issues with some parts and sub-assemblies” that delay delivery.[38]

On September 28, 2016, TTC CEO Andy Byford said that there were 22 of the new streetcars in operation, and expressed doubts that Bombardier would be able to meet its promise of 30 total deliveries by the end of 2016.[39] However, Bombardier shipped the 30th vehicle on December 14,[34] which arrived in Toronto on December 21,[40] and went into service on December 31, 2016.[22] However, according to Bombardier's original delivery plan, there should have been 100 Flexity streetcars in Toronto at the end of 2016.[41]

In January 2017, the TTC claimed that delays in delivery of the new streetcars had resulted in both streetcar and bus shortages. Because the old streetcars require extra maintenance, only 170 of the 200 old streetcars could be put into service. This shortage lead to the replacement of streetcars by buses on routes 502 Downtowner, 503 Kingston Rd and 511 Bathurst, which in turn lead to a reduction of service on some bus routes.[41][42]

According to its revised plan issued in May 2016 and still in effect as of February 2017, Bombardier will deliver 40 streetcars in 2017, 76 in 2018 and 58 in 2019 to complete the 204-car order.[43][44]

Delivery summary

The following table shows Flexity streetcar deliveries by year.[22] It excludes deliveries of prototypes until after Bombardier has modified them to TTC requirements. The table summarizes by delivery date rather than the later in-service date.

Year Number
delivered 		Total
Delivered 		Streetcar Numbers
in order of delivery 		Notes
2014 3 3 4400, 4403, 4404 After 4400 & 4403 went into service on August 31, Bombardier delivered only one more car (4404) in 2014.[22]
2015 12 15 4405, 4406, 4407, 4408, 4409, 4410, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4414, 4415, 4416 Average rate of delivery: 1/month.
2016 15 30[40] 4417, 4418, 4419, 4420, 4421, 4422, 4423, 4424, 4425, 4426, 4402, 4427, 4428, 4429, 4430 Bombardier modified prototype 4402 to TTC requirements and redelivered it on November 24, 2016.[22]
2017 10 40 4431, 4432, 4433, 4434, 4435, 4436, 4437, 4438, 4439, 4440 4440 delivered on July 10, 2017. [45]

Bombardier's delivery schedule for 2017–2019 is as of April 2017:[46]

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
2017 2 1 1 3 2 3 2 4 7 8 7 40
2018 3 7 7 6 8 7 7 3 6 7 8 7 76
2019 5 7 6 8 7 6 8 3 7 1 58

On October 16, 2015, the TTC announced that it has asked its board to consider legal action against Bombardier. TTC staff is recommending that the TTC board “commence legal action, or make a claim allowed for already in the contract, of $50 million for late delivery” against Bombardier. Bombardier had committed to delivering 67 streetcars to the TTC by October 2015, but only 10 were in service at the time.[36][47]

On October 28, 2015, the TTC board voted in favour of a lawsuit against Bombardier "for at least $50 million to recoup lost costs", according to Chair Josh Colle, because of the company's failure to deliver the additional new streetcars.[48][49] TTC chief executive Andy Byford indicated that he was not interested in the money per se, and simply wants the streetcars. In a statement late that afternoon, Bombardier responded that it would not comment on the TTC's plan and would not offer “any speculation on potential impacts” on their operations.[50]

Order options

As early as June 2013, TTC CEO Andy Byford expressed the need for the TTC to order an additional 60 vehicles.[51] According to a 2015 TTC report, the extra cars would address rising streetcar demand due to residential growth downtown. The option for 60 additional cars would cost of $361 million. The TTC can purchase an additional 60 vehicles at the current price, if the additional vehicles are ordered before the 60th vehicle is delivered. In September 2016, the TTC Board rejected the recommendation citing the Bombardier Flexity delivery delays, the extra cost of keeping the old fleet running, and the possibility of buying buses at a lower price with federal funding. Byford said that using buses instead of streetcars was inefficient due to capacity differences. TTC Chair Josh Colle said not considering the option is part of "our ongoing dramas and pressures with Bombardier."[52]

Contract amendments reported on February 24, 2014 called for trolley pole current collection for part of the fleet (60 cars) with the later omission of trolley poles on the remaining 144 cars.[53] The first 60 cars will have both a pantograph and a trolley pole.

Rollout

The Flexity streetcars were first introduced on the 510 Spadina line on August 31, 2014,[28] with a full conversion to Flexity cars since January 3, 2016, making it the first fully wheelchair accessible TTC streetcar line in the city.[54]

The following are the implemented and future rollouts of Flexity cars:

Route Date of
Introduction 		Remarks
510 Spadina August 31, 2014[28]
509 Harbourfront March 29, 2015[55]
514 Cherry June 19, 2016[56]
Future rollouts:[57][58]
512 St. Clair September 3, 2017[57]
504 King 2018[59]
511 Bathurst 2018[59]
505 Dundas 2018[59]
501 Queen 2018[59]
502 Downtowner 2019[59]
503 Kingston Rd 2019[59]
506 Carlton 2019[59]

In order to support riders to the 2015 Pan American Games, the TTC temporarily deployed some Flexity streetcars on 511 Bathurst between July 10 and 26, 2015.[60] In January 2017, the TTC started to run Flexity streetcars on 504 King but only on weekends and holidays.[57][58] Later in 2017, the TTC will temporarily assign Flexity cars to 511 Bathurst for summer service.[57]

Maintenance

The two existing carhouses had been designed to service the older high-floor cars with most equipment located under the vehicle floor, as opposed to low-floor vehicles with equipment located on the roof. They also did not meet the sufficient capacity to store all of the 30-metre Flexity streetcars.

A new building was constructed at Roncesvalles Carhouse to service the new vehicles. On November 22, 2015, the TTC opened the Leslie Barns facility, at the corner of Leslie Street and Lake Shore Boulevard East, exclusively to service the new vehicles.[53]

The TTC has set a target of 35,000 kilometres (22,000 mi) between failures for the new cars, compared with about 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) on average between failures on the old fleet.[23]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Metrolinx. "LRV fact sheet" (PDF). Steve Munro. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 16, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Meet Your New Ride". The Toronto Transit Commission. Toronto Transit Commission. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Ontario Funds New Streetcars In Toronto". Government of Ontario. June 2009. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013.
  4. ↑ "TTC picks Bombardier to supply streetcars". Toronto: Toronto Star. April 24, 2009. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ Toronto Transit Commission (April 24, 2009). "TTC Staff recommend Bombardier for new streetcar order". Archived from the original on March 16, 2013.
  6. ↑ Toronto Transit Commission (June 26, 2009). "City Council approves funds for TTC purchase of new streetcars". Archived from the original on March 16, 2013.
  7. ↑ Kevin Connor (November 15, 2012). "TTC officially unveils new streetcar". Toronto Sun. Archived from the original on November 16, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2012. The current, 35-year-old fleet is being replaced by 204 new vehicles, which will be in service by 2014 and introduced to Toronto’s streets during a five-year period. The 510 Spadina line will be the first route to operate the new low floor streetcars starting August 31, 2014.
  8. ↑ Kyle Bachan, Hamutal Dotan (November 15, 2012). "TTC Previews Our New Streetcars: Media and politicians explore the first full-size test vehicle from Toronto's new streetcar fleet.". The Torontoist. Archived from the original on November 16, 2012. Key is the new Presto fare payment system, which will include open payment options—by credit and debit cards, and by mobile devices, as well as the Presto fare cards. Crucially, this will allow for all-door loading and hopefully cut down on the amount of time vehicles need to spend at each stop. Also crucial: the new low-floor design, which will make it much easier for people using wheelchairs and other mobility aids to board and exit.
  9. ↑ The Torontoist (November 17, 2011). "The Toronto Light Rail Vehicles (The LRVs)". James Bow. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Media to get sneak peek of new TTC streetcars". CP24. November 10, 2011. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Compared with existing streetcars, the TTC said the new streetcars are more comfortable, reliable and spacious enough to carry almost twice as many passengers to meet increasing ridership.
  11. 1 2 3 Steve Munro. "TTC Unveils New Streetcar Design and Mockup (Update 2)". Steve Munro. Archived from the original on March 4, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions - Passenger Experience". TTC. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  13. ↑ "TTC Proof-of-Payment (POP)". TTC. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ben Spurr, Edward Keenan, Marco Chown Oved, Jayme Poisson, Marina Jimenez and David Rider (May 5, 2017). "Inside Bombardier's delayed streetcar deliveries". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
  15. ↑ "Streetcar Noise Reduction – King & Sumach Intersection" (PDF). Toronto Transit Commission. June 27, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  16. ↑ Chris Bateman (September 29, 2014). "The TTC’s new life-sized streetcar simulator is not a toy—but it looks like one". Toronto Life magazine. Archived from the original on September 30, 2014. Halfway down a long corridor inside the TTC’s Hillcrest facility, on Bathurst Street, there’s a room marked “streetcar simulator.” Inside is a state-of-the-art training device on which the next generation of TTC streetcar drivers will earn their wheels.
  17. ↑ Kalinowski, Tess (September 26, 2012). "TTC’s new streetcar spotted in the Junction". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Exclusive: New TTC streetcars (pictures)". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
  19. ↑ Chris Fox (November 15, 2012). "TTC officially unveils new streetcar". CP24. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013.
  20. ↑ Tess Kalinowski (November 15, 2012). "TTC unveils Toronto’s new streetcars: Fully accessible, with room for twice as many riders, the first of the new TTC downtown streetcars will be in service in 2014". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013.
  21. ↑ Steve Munro (November 30, 2014). "At Last! 4404 Arrives (Updated)". Retrieved December 24, 2016. See photos in the article.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Toronto Transit Commission 4400-4603". Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  23. 1 2 Tess Kalinowski, Transportation reporter (May 12, 2015). "TTC’s new streetcars plagued with manufacturing problems". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  24. 1 2 Dana Flavelle, Tess Kalinowski (July 10, 2014). "Bombardier streetcar plant workers go on strike". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014. The TTC said it still plans to move ahead on an Aug. 31 launch of the new streetcars even if only a single vehicle is available for service, transit agency spokesperson Brad Ross said.
  25. ↑ "Bombardier striking workers vote 85% to accept new contract". Thunder Bay: CBC News. September 12, 2014. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. It will be back to business for Bombardier Transportation and more than 900 striking workers in Thunder Bay. A total of 85 per cent of workers who voted Friday morning cast ballots in favour of the new contract.
  26. 1 2 3 Tess Kalinoski (September 8, 2014). "TTC’s Spadina launch inspires streetcar envy on other lines". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014. Normally, the Bombardier plant produces one light rail vehicle (LRV) every three weeks, said spokesperson Marc Laforge. That’s not happening while a strike at the company’s Thunder Bay plant is in its eighth week. Once production resumes, however, Bombardier can accelerate its schedule to three LRVs a month. The two sides are back in bargaining, and Bombardier will discuss a revised delivery schedule with the TTC, he said.
  27. ↑ Christoper Hume (September 1, 2014). "Toronto rides new streetcars to its urban future: Hume Getting there will be half the fun now that Toronto's new streetcars are in service". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014. Seeing these beautiful behemoths rolling through Toronto might force us to reconsider the complaint heard over and over that streetcars are forever in the way. Once all 204 new vehicles have been deployed in four or five years, they will be the undisputed masters of the streets; it will be cars that will have to make way.
  28. 1 2 3 Kim Brown (August 31, 2014). "New TTC streetcars make their debut". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014. Torontonians taking the Spadina streetcar might have noticed something different when they stepped on board today. That’s because the Toronto Transit Commission has finally launched the first of its new streetcars.
  29. ↑ Dana Flavelle (August 12, 2014). "Bombardier workers bring strike to Toronto: Striking Bombardier workers who build TTC vehicles at a plant in Thunder Bay bring their protest message to Toronto". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014. The strike comes at a critical time for the TTC, which has two separate billion dollar contracts with Bombardier to update its subway and streetcar fleets.
  30. ↑ David Heins (March 23, 2017). "Metro explains: Dude, where's my streetcar?". Metro News. The TTC received streetcar No. 4433 at the Hillcrest maintenance yard on Tuesday morning. ... The TTC tests its components, conducts 600 kilometres of test drives and installs equipment such as the Presto machines. ... Streetcar No. 4433 is expected to pick up passengers by the end of the month.
  31. ↑ Tess Kalinowski (December 19, 2014). "TTC riders ask: Where are Toronto's new streetcars?". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. But so far, only three are running on the 510 Spadina line. Many Torontonians have assumed the protracted roll-out is the result of last summer’s eight-week strike at Bombardier’s Thunder Bay plant. Few are aware that the late delivery actually pre-dates that labour disruption and that the originally contracted schedule specified there would be 43 in the city by now. There should have been seven in service by the end of last year.
  32. ↑ Natalie Alcoba (January 28, 2015). "Massive $500M facility for new TTC streetcars might sit nearly empty when it opens". Toronto: National Post. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015. The problem is, the order is delayed. Instead of the 43 originally anticipated by this time, or even the scaled-back expectation of 15, only three are in service.
  33. ↑ Chris Fox (February 23, 2015). "City to have 30 new streetcars by end of 2015 as Bombardier agrees to new timeline". CP24. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Since August the Toronto Transit Commission has only received four new streetcars, three of which have been put into service, but TTC Chair Josh Colle told reporters on Monday afternoon that Bombardier has now agreed to a revised timeline that will result in an additional 30 vehicles being delivered by the end of the year. The initial timeline called for the arrival of 43 of the vehicles by this past December.
  34. 1 2 Ben Spurr (December 14, 2016). "TTC report warns that Bombardier could miss 2019 streetcar deadline". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  35. ↑ Ben Spurr (May 13, 2016). "TTC staff 'perform miracles' keeping aging streetcar fleet on track". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  36. 1 2 "TTC considers suing Bombardier after new streetcar delay". The Toronto Star.
  37. 1 2 Tess Kalinowski, Transportation reporter (March 14, 2015). "TTC to receive four streetcars a month starting in April". Toronto Star. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  38. ↑ Jennifer Pagliaro, City Hall reporter (April 25, 2016). "Mayor John Tory ‘dismayed’ by ongoing TTC streetcar production delays". Toronto Star. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
  39. ↑ Michael Smee (September 29, 2016). "Bombardier has 'no comments' on new questions about TTC streetcar delivery". CBC News. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  40. 1 2 Ben Spurr (21 December 2016). "Bombardier meets latest deadline for streetcar order, but is far behind original schedule". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  41. 1 2 Ben Spurr (January 9, 2017). "TTC blames service cuts on streetcar delays". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  42. ↑ Steve Munro (December 11, 2016). "TTC Service Changes Effective Sunday, January 8, 2017". Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  43. ↑ Steve Munro (February 27, 2017). "TTC Board Meeting February 21, 2017". Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  44. ↑ Ross Marowits, The Canadian Press (May 20, 2016). "Bombardier shifts production in bid to speed up Toronto streetcar deliveries". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  45. ↑ http://transiturban.ca/transit/ontario/ttc/ttcfleet/flexityoutlook/flexitylrvarrivalandinservice.html
  46. ↑ "Chief Executive Officer’s Report – April 2017 Update" (PDF). Toronto Transit Commission. Retrieved April 14, 2017. The report was future-dated to April 20, 2017 for a meeting on that date.
  47. ↑ "TTC asks its board to consider legal action against Bombardier". CP24.
  48. ↑ "TTC board votes to sue Bombardier over missing streetcars". CityNews.
  49. ↑ "TTC board votes to sue Bombardier over delays in delivery of new streetcars". CP24.
  50. ↑ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/ttc-to-sue-bombardier-over-late-streetcars/article27024488/
  51. ↑ Douglas John Bowen (June 25, 2013). "TTC mulls 60 more Bombardier Flexity streetcars". Railway Age. Retrieved June 26, 2013. Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) CEO Andy Byford said Monday the agency is urging Toronto to order 60 more Bombardier Flexity streetcars to bolster the 204 Flexity cars already on order.
  52. ↑ Ben Spurr (September 12, 2016). "Amid Bombardier delays, TTC eyeing buses instead of streetcars". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  53. 1 2 Steve Munro. "TTC Board Meeting Preview: February 24, 2014". Steve Munro. Archived from the original on March 4, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2014.
  54. ↑ Steve Munro (December 4, 2015). "TTC Service Changes Effective January 3, 2016". Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  55. ↑ "TTC to conduct track work at Spadina-College intersection". Toronto Transit Commission. March 25, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2016. 509 Harbourfront route will accommodate the new, low-floor accessible streetcars, operating between Union Station and Exhibition Place.
  56. ↑ "TTC officially launches 514 Cherry streetcar service". Toronto Transit Commission. June 17, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  57. 1 2 3 4 Spurr, Ben (April 19, 2017). "St. Clair next in line for new TTC streetcars". Toronto Star. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  58. 1 2 "Briefing Note - April 2017 - New Streetcars – Revised Roll-Out Plan and 512 ST CLAIR" (PDF). Toronto Transit Commission. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "New Streetcars". Toronto Transit Commission. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  60. ↑ "TTC ready to welcome the world to the Pan Am Games". Toronto Transit Commission. July 9, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2016. The 511 Bathurst route will see two of the TTC’s new low-floor streetcars deployed on the route from July 10-26.
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