Flag of the Benin Empire

Digital reconstruction of the flag.
Photograph of the original can be seen here

The putative Flag of the Benin Empire is a West African flag that was allegedly brought to Britain by Admiral F. W. Kennedy after the 1897 Benin expedition.[1] The original flag is currently held by the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich near London (see a picture of the original flag here).

Little is known about the flag, and indeed it has no proper name. It is commonly referred to as the 'Flag of the Benin Empire' because it was found/recovered from territory under the Benin Empire's control, even though it isn't known whether the flag had any official usage or connection to the Empire's central government.

History

The fact surrounding the flag is that it was brought back to Britain by Admiral F.W Kennedy who participated in the 1897 Punitive Expedition in Benin. It is also a fact that the flag was brought back as a "War Souvenir" by the British soldiers who first engaged the Benin soldiers at the BATTLE OF OLOGBO. A town in the delta region where the Benin Army was garrisoned to await the expected British invasion of 1897.

It is also a well known fact that the only army worthy of note left in the delta region as at then that could have hoisted its INDEPENDENT BANNER or War-flag to challenge the authority of the British Empire was the Benin Empire Army renown as the RED ARMY because of the Red Uniform of war worn by its soldiers and its fierce capital punishment of DE-CAPITATION meted out to any rebellious king or general that was captured or defeated in war.

it is a well known fact that the Itsekhiri Kingdom had no king or standing army because of the INTERREGNUM as at then, and that the only militarized force they had was that of Chief Nana Olumo who was exiled after his forces were defeated by the British several years back. So why would Admiral Kennedy take back to Britain the War-flag of a "none existing" Itsekhiri Army he never saw or engaged in battle? Why would the Itsekhiri Kingdom lay a claim to a War-Flag or Banner when they had no standing king or Army as at 1897, since they had already been annexed into the British colonial protectorate as at then?

The Itsekhiri flag of Nana clearly shows the British colonial emblem on its top left corner and there was no other independent army in that region that Admiral W.F Kenedy fought against except the Benin Army. It is historically factual and conclusive to state here that, the Flag of Benin Empire is neither putative nor speculative because it is definitively the War Flag or Standard of the Benin Army that the British Army who engaged them at Ologbo brought back to Britain as a War Memento or Souvenir.

Description

The Greenwich Museum, to which the flag currently belongs, describes this flag as follows:[2]

West African flag probably Itsekri. A red wool bunting flag with a linen hoist, machine sewn with a rope halyard attached. The design is applied in white fabric with painted details, representing a naked man decapitating another with a sword. The flag was said to have been brought back by Admiral F. W. Kennedy from the 1897 Benin expedition. 'Kennedy' is inscribed on a paper label attached to the rope. The Itsekri people acted as middle men between the Edo people of Benin in the interior and the Europeans on the coast – the Edo would not cross or travel on waterways.

The Benin expedition was launched in reprisal against an attack on a British mission in the service of Niger Coast Protectorate by forces of the Oba of Benin. It was a combined naval and military operation under the command of Rear-Admiral Harry Holdsworth Rawson C.B. with local troops and carriers. The towns of Guato and Sapobar were attacked by detached forces while the main part of the expedition marched on Benin. The town was captured and accidentally burnt. Oba Overami was exiled to Calabar where he died in 1914. The famous Benin bronzes were removed as reparations by the British.'

It is therefore confirmed that the flag (see a picture of the original flag here) was a real African flag that was brought back by the British from their 1897 final expedition against the Empire of Benin (which was then finally overcome and annexed by the British Empire).

The fact - stated by the Royal Museum - that the flag was brought back by Admiral F.W. Kennedy from the 1897 expedition against the Empire of Benin would indicate it clearly came from the Benin Empire.

Several sources in the Internet give it as a fact that the flag was indeed the official flag of the Benin Empire.[3] The first of such assertions seems to trace back to now defunct website GreatBenin.org.

The Maritime Royal Museum (which holds the original flag), on the other hand, propones that the flag is "probably of Itsekri (sic) origin" (the Itsekri were tributary and allies of the Benin Empire),[4] basing such assumption on the supposed similarities between the disputed flag and three other flags brought to Britain after campaigns against then-Itsekiri Chief Nana Olomu, taken place three years earlier than the campaign against the Emperor of Benin from which the red flag was brought. Pictures of the red, disputed flag, as well as of the three definitely Itsekiri flags, can be seen here.

Modern interest

In more recent times the flag has attracted attention for being unusual and gained some popularity on the internet for its highly-distinctive graphic design.[5][6][7]

References

  1. ↑ http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/557.html
  2. ↑ http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/557.html
  3. ↑ http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html
  4. ↑ National Maritime Museum: Barbara Tomlinson, Curator of Antiquities, February 2010
  5. ↑ Edwin's Raisin
  6. ↑ Boing Boing
  7. ↑ Kottke
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