Flag and coat of arms of Johor

The flag and the coat of arms of Johor are state symbols of Johor, Malaysia. Like other states of Malaysia with Malay royalties, the state symbols of Johor are influenced by Johor's royalties, as well as Islam and the political and natural features of the state.

Flag

Johor
Use Civil and state flag
Proportion 1:2
Design Navy blue with a bright red field on the upper left canton, containing a white crescent and five-pointed star

Johor's state flag bears a canton pattern, a predominantly navy blue design with a bright red field on the upper left canton (quarter), which contains a white crescent and a white five-pointed star.[1] Running slightly less than half the length of the flag, the field unconventionally occupies roughly three fifths of the flag's hoist. In addition, the crescent is not aligned upright, tilting to the right towards the lower fly end and wrapping slightly around the star, which is positioned towards the lower right corner of the field.[1]

The flag in general attempts to symbolise Johor as a whole. The navy blue, which occupies roughly three quarters of the flag, represents the universe,[1] or the state government.[2] The red represents the warriors that defend the state, while the white crescent and white star denote Islam and Johor's sovereign ruler, respectively.[1][2]

Variants

The vast majority of flags in use or formerly used by officials and government branches in the state borrow elements of the state flag, some of which are merely recolours. With the introduction of a unified state flag, many of them became obsolete, with the exception of the Royal Standards.

Standards

A series of Royal Standards are flown by the Sultan of Johor and his family, which lower-ranking members are assigned specific Standards. In addition, standards were also adopted for traditional high-ranking officials, including the bendahara, the Temenggung and the Sultan's Marshall.[1][3]

The Standards are typically plain flags with a star (of varying numbers of points) and crescent, with truncating triangles placed on each corner of the flag; only the Standards of the Sultan and the Crown Prince are depicted without the truncations. In addition, each flag, with the exception of the Sultan's Marshall, are coloured in only two colours, including white, blue, red and yellow. The number of points on the star also determines the rank of the Standard holder: The Sultan's Standard depicts a nine-pointed star, while the Standard for other members of the royal family depicts a five-pointed star.

The series of Standards include:[3]

Royal Flags of Johor
Royal Standard of the Sultan of Johor 
Royal Standard of the Permaisuri of Johor 
Royal Standard of the Crown Prince of Johor (Tengku Mahkota Johor) 

Flags of state officials

As of 1939, flags were flown by numerous state officials in Johore, including the governing heads of state or district. The vast majority of flag consist of only a plain coloured flag with a five-pointed star and crescent similar to that from the state flag, with some divided diagonally a la party per bend. They include:[4]

The flag of Muar. Flag ratio 1:2.

Maritime flags

Ships operated by Johore state flew their own maritime flags for identification. Largely similar to the state flag, the flags are typically recolours of the state flag that displays a combination of three colours out of four: Black, red, white and blue. They include:[8]

In addition, pennants were known to be flown, illustrated as a triangular flag containing the same five pointed star and crescent. The "State Officials' Pennant" was coloured blue with a white star and crescent, while another variant of unknown use was coloured yellow with a blue star and crescent.[8]

Other variants

Johore's police force was also known to fly its own flag, essentially similar in design as the flag of Johore, but with a different combination of colours: A red field with a black canton containing a white five-pointed star and crescent.[9]

A ceremonial state flag was also flown, consisting of red flag with a white five-pointed star and crescent, an inner yellow border and an outer blue border.[1]

District flags

Johor has ten administrative districts (daerah), each assigned their own district-level flags.[10] They were introduced on 3 March 2015.

District Flag Field colour Symbolisation
Johor Bahru Red
White
Blue 		A red-blue per bend divided flag with a white five-pointed star and crescent in the centre.
Kulai Red
White
Blue 		An orthogonally quartered flag with the first and fourth quarters coloured red, and the second and third quarters coloured blue with white five-pointed star and crescent in the centre.
Pontian Red
White
Blue 		A red-blue horizontally divided flag with a white five-pointed star and crescent in the centre.
Batu Pahat Red
White
Black 		A red-black per bend divided flag with a white five-pointed star and crescent in the centre.
Muar Red
White
Black
Yellow 		An orthogonally quartered flag with the first quarter coloured red with a white five-pointed star and crescent, the second and third quarters coloured black, and the fourth quarter coloured yellow with a red five-pointed star and crescent.
Tangkak Red
White
Blue 		A blue triangle on a red field flag with a white five-pointed star and crescent in the centre. The triangle symbolise Mount Ledang, a highest mountain in Johor, and also part of Titiwangsa Mountains
Segamat Red
White
Yellow 		A red-white per bend divided flag with a yellow five-pointed star and crescent in the centre.
Kluang Red
White
Blue 		A blue field with a red diagonal band from the lower hoist side to the upper fly side with a white five-pointed star and crescent in the centre.
Mersing Red
White
Blue 		Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and blue with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side with a white five-pointed star and crescent at the hoist. The white at an upper field symbolise South China Sea.
Kota Tinggi Red
White
Blue 		A diagonal tricolour of red, white and blue radiating from the lower hoist side corner with white five-pointed star and crescent at the upper hoist side. The white at a centre field symbolise Johor River where the old Sultanate of Johor was established here on 1528.

Although Simpang Renggam is not yet a district of Johor, but the Simpang Renggam District Council owns its flag.[11]

Town Flag Field colour
Simpang Renggam Red
White
Blue
Yellow

Obsolete state flag

The Johorean flag is known to date back as early as the 1850s, when a flag that consisted of a simple black flag with a white canton shaped as a square was flown by the Sultanate between 1855 and 1865. The design was also adopted by Trumong, in present-day Indonesia.[1][12]

Historical flags of Johor
to 1855 
1855 – 1865 
1865 – 1871 

Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Johor
Details
Supporters Two tigers rampant
Motto Kepada Allah Berserah (Submit to Allah)

Johor's coat of arms (Malay: Jata Johor) derives its layout heavily from Western heraldry, consisting of a central shield topped by a helm, sided by two supporters, and includes a compartment and motto at the bottom. Details of the arms' elements are as followed:

Helm
The helm represents Johor's royalty, and is symbolised by a blue and yellow coronet adorned with motives of a five-pointed star and a crescent.[2]
Escutcheon
The arms' escutcheon consists of a white shield of an "English" outline with a central five-pointed star and crescent, and four smaller five-pointed stars at each corner of the shield; both the stars and the crescent are coloured in yellow. The larger star and crescent symbolise the Islamic faith, while the four stars represent the four original territories of modern Johor: Johor Bahru, Muar, Batu Pahat and Endau.[2]
Supporters
The arms features two supporters depicted by rampant tigers, which represents the two Johor tigers, Dengkis and Tepuk, which according to folklore are the mystical guardians of Johor.
Compartment and motto
The area below the shield include of a group of yellow, mirrored flora (compartment) hanging a blue scroll (motto). The compartment represents gambir and black pepper, crops cultivated by Johor's traditional agricultural industry.[2] The scroll, with text written in Jawi, reads Kepada Allah Berserah (Submit to Allah).

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Various authors (14 October 2006). "Johore (Malaysia)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Jata Johor" (in Malay). Laman Web Rasmi Kerajaan Negeri Johor Darul Ta'zim (Official Johor state government website). Retrieved 7 August 2008.
  3. 1 2 Various authors (14 February 2007). "Royal Flags (Johore, Malaysia)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  4. ↑ Various authors (14 February 2007). "Rank Flags (Johore, Malaysia)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  5. ↑ Wikipedia English|Flag and coat of arms of Johor
  6. ↑ Flag of the State Commissioner for Muar (Bendera Orang Besar Daerah Muar)
  7. ↑ Muar District Office Official Website/Muar Flag
  8. 1 2 Various authors (14 February 2007). "Ensigns and Other Naval Flags (Johore, Malaysia)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  9. ↑ Various authors (14 February 2007). "Police Flag (Johore, Malaysia)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  10. ↑ Bendera-bendera daerah di Johor
  11. ↑ http://www.mdsrenggam.gov.my/ms/mdsr/profil/logo/page/0/1
  12. ↑ Smith, Whitney. "Black and White". North American Vexillological Association. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
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