First General Army (Japan)

First General Army
Active April 8, 1945 – November 30, 1945
Country Empire of Japan
Branch Imperial Japanese Army
Type Infantry
Role Army group
Garrison/HQ Tokyo
Nickname(s) Toho (東方, Eastern)
Engagements None (Operation Downfall)

The First General Army (第1総軍 (日本軍), Dai-ichi Sōgun) was an army group of the Imperial Japanese Army responsible for the defense of eastern and northern Honshū, including the Tōkai and Kantō regions during the final stage of Pacific War.

History

The First General Army was established on April 8, 1945 with the dissolution of the General Defense Command into the First and Second General Army. It was essentially a home guard and garrison, responsible for civil defense, anti-aircraft defenses, and for organizing guerilla warfare cells in anticipation of the projected Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands in Operation Downfall (or Operation Ketsugō (決号作戦, Ketsugō sakusen) in Japanese terminology). Although its territory encompassed all of northern Japan, its primary mission was to ensure the security of the heavily populated Kantō region, which included Tokyo. Its forces consisted mostly of poorly trained and poorly armed reservists, conscripted students and home guard militia.

The First General Army remained active for several months after the surrender of Japan to help maintain public order until the arrival of the American occupation forces, and to oversee the final demobilization and dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Army.

Commanders

Commanding officer

Name From To
1 Field Marshal Hajime Sugiyama 7 April 1945 12 September 1945
2 General Kenji Doihara 14 September 1945 23 September 1945
3 General Yoshijirō Umezu 23 September 1945 1 October 1945
4 General Masakazu Kawabe 1 October 1945 30 November 1945

Chief of Staff

Name From To
1 Lieutenant General Einosuke Sudo 6 April 1945 30 October 1945

See also

References

Books

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