57th United States Congress
| 57th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
|
56th ← → 58th | |
|
United States Capitol (1906) | |
| March 4, 1901 – March 4, 1903 | |
| Senate President |
Theodore Roosevelt (R) until September 14, 1901 Vacant from September 14, 1901 |
| Senate Pres. pro tem | William P. Frye (R) |
| House Speaker | David B. Henderson (R) |
| Members |
90 Senators 357 Representatives 5 Non-voting members |
| Senate Majority | Republican |
| House Majority | Republican |
| Sessions | |
|
Special: March 4, 1901 – March 9, 1901 1st: December 2, 1901 – July 1, 1902 2nd: December 1, 1902 – March 3, 1903 | |
The Fifty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1901, to March 4, 1903, during the final six months of William McKinley's presidency, and the first year and a half of the first administration of his successor, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
- September 6, 1901: Leon Czolgosz shot President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York
- September 14, 1901: President William McKinley died. Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States
- October 16, 1901: President Roosevelt invited African American leader Booker T. Washington to the White House. The American South reacted angrily to the visit, and racial violence increased in the region.
- December 3, 1901: President Roosevelt delivered a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives, asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits."
- February 22, 1902: Senators Benjamin Tillman and John L. McLaurin, both of South Carolina, have a fist fight while Congress is in session.[1] Both Tillman and McLaurin were later censured by the Senate on February 28.
- June 2, 1902: The Anthracite Coal Strike by the United Mine Workers began, continuing until October 21, 1902.
- July 4, 1902: The Philippine–American War ended
Major legislation
- June 17, 1902: Newlands Reclamation Act
- June 28, 1902: Isthmian Canal Act (Panama Canal), Sess. 1, ch. 1302, 32 Stat. 481
- January 21, 1903: Militia Act of 1903 (Dick Act), 32 Stat. 775
- February 11, 1903: Expediting Act, Sess. 2, ch. 544, 32 Stat. 823
- February 19, 1903: Elkins Act
- March 3, 1903: Immigration Act of 1903, including §39, the Anarchist Exclusion Act
Party summary
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Populist (P) | Republican (R) | Silver Republican (SR) | Silver (S) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 26 | 5 | 53 | 3 | 2 | 89 | 1 |
| Begin | 28 | 3 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 87 | 3 |
| End | 29 | 2 | 56 | 89 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 32.6% | 2.2% | 62.9% | 2.2% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 33 | 0 | 55 | 2 | 0 | 90 | 0 |
- Note: Fred T. Dubois (Idaho) was elected as a Silver Republican, but changed parties to Democratic after this Congress began.
House of Representatives
- Democratic: 151
- Republican: 200 (majority)
- Populist: 5
- Silver (Silver Republican): 1
TOTAL members: 357
Leadership
President of the Senate
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Senate
- President: Theodore Roosevelt (R), until September 14, 1901; vacant thereafter.
- President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: James K. Jones (D)
- Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison (R)
House of Representatives
- Speaker: David B. Henderson (R)
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Hay (D)
- Republican Conference Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, precede the names in the list below. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1904; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1906; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1902.
House of Representatives
Changes in Membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
Note:Delaware's Class 1 Senate seat remained vacant for entire Congress due to the legislature's failure to elect.
- Replacements: 4
- Democratic: 1-seat gain
- Republican: 3-seat gain
- Populist: 1-seat loss
- Deaths: 3
- Resignations: 0
- Vacancy: 1
- Total seats with changes: 6
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for vacancy | Subsequent | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montana (1) |
Vacant | Senator William A. Clark vacated his seat during previous congress. Successor was elected March 7, 1901. |
Paris Gibson (D) | March 7, 1901 |
| Delaware (1) |
Vacant | Legislature failed to elect to fill vacancy in term. Successor was elected March 2, 1903. |
L. Heisler Ball (R) | March 2, 1903 |
| Delaware (2) |
Vacant | Legislature failed to elect to fill vacancy in term. Successor was elected March 2, 1903. |
J. Frank Allee (R) | March 2, 1903 |
| Nebraska (1) |
William V. Allen (Pop.) | Interim appointee did not run to finish the term. Successor was elected March 28, 1901. Successor delayed taking seat until December 2, 1901, after resigning as Governor of Nebraska on May 1, 1901, but his service began on the date of his election, March 28, 1901. |
Charles H. Dietrich (R) | December 2, 1901 |
| South Dakota (3) |
James H. Kyle (R) | Died July 1, 1901. Successor was appointed July 11, 1901, to continue the term and subsequently elected January 20, 1903, to finish the term.[2] |
Alfred B. Kittredge (R) | July 11, 1901 |
| New Jersey (2) |
William J. Sewell (R) | Died December 27, 1901. Successor was elected. |
John F. Dryden (R) | January 29, 1902 |
| Michigan (2) |
James McMillan (R) | Died August 10, 1902. Successor was appointed September 27, 1902, to continue the term and subsequently elected December 7, 1902, to finish the term.. |
Russell A. Alger (R) | September 27, 1902 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 17
- Democratic: 3 seat loss
- Republican: 3 seat gain
- deaths: 14
- resignations: 5
- contested elections: 2
- Total seats with changes: 24
| District | Previous | Reason for change | Subsequent | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maine 4th | Vacant | Rep. Charles A. Boutelle resigned during previous congress | Llewellyn Powers (R) | April 8, 1901 |
| New York 24th | Vacant | Rep. Albert D. Shaw died during previous congress | Charles L. Knapp (R) | November 5, 1901 |
| Pennsylvania 10th | Marriott H. Brosius (R) | Died March 16, 1901 | Henry B. Cassel (R) | November 5, 1901 |
| Michigan 10th | Rousseau O. Crump (R) | Died May 1, 1901 | Henry H. Aplin (R) | October 15, 1901 |
| Texas 6th | Robert E. Burke (D) | Died June 5, 1901. | Morris Sheppard (D) | November 15, 1902 |
| South Carolina 7th | J. William Stokes (D) | Died July 6, 1901. | Dudley G. Wooten (D) | July 13, 1901 |
| Pennsylvania 17th | Rufus K. Polk (D) | Died March 5, 1902. | Alexander Billmeyer (D) | November 4, 1902 |
| Kentucky 3rd | John S. Rhea (D) | Lost contested election March 25, 1902 | J. McKenzie Moss (R) | March 25, 1902 |
| Massachusetts 6th | William H. Moody (R) | Resigned May 1, 1902, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Navy | Augustus P. Gardner (R) | November 4, 1902 |
| Missouri 12th | James J. Butler (D) | Seat declared vacant May 1, 1902. Butler elected to fill his own vacancy. | James J. Butler (D) | November 4, 1902 |
| New York 10th | Amos J. Cummings (D) | Died May 2, 1902. | Edward Swann (D) | November 4, 1902 |
| Virginia 6th | Peter J. Otey (D) | Died May 4, 1902. | Carter Glass (D) | November 4, 1902 |
| New Jersey 4th | Joshua S. Salmon (D) | Died May 6, 1902. | De Witt C. Flanagan (D) | June 18, 1902 |
| Texas 3rd | Reese C. De Graffenreid (D) | Died August 29, 1902. | Gordon J. Russell (D) | November 4, 1902 |
| New York 26th | George W. Ray (R) | Resigned September 11, 1902, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York | John W. Dwight (R) | November 4, 1902 |
| Texas 4th | John L. Sheppard (D) | Died October 11, 1902. | Morris Sheppard (D) | November 15, 1902 |
| Connecticut 3rd | Charles A. Russell (R) | Died October 23, 1902 | Frank B. Brandegee (R) | November 4, 1902 |
| Pennsylvania 28th | James K. P. Hall (D) | Died November 29, 1902 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
| New York 7th | Nicholas Muller (D) | Resigned December 1, 1902. | Montague Lessler (R) | January 7, 1903 |
| Oregon 1st | Thomas H. Tongue (R) | Died January 11, 1903. | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Texas 8th | S. W. T. Lanham (D) | Resigned January 15, 1903, after being elected Governor of Texas | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Iowa 2nd | John N. W. Rumple (R) | Died January 31, 1903 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
| North Carolina 9th | James M. Moody (R) | Died February 5, 1903. | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Missouri 12th | James J. Butler (D) | Lost contested election February 26, 1903. | George C. R. Wagoner (R) | February 26, 1903 |
| Kansas 7th | Chester I. Long (R) | Resigned March 3, 1903, after becoming U.S. Senator | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Canadian Relations
- Census
- Civil Service and Retrenchment
- Claims
- Coast and Insular Survey
- Coast Defenses
- Commerce
- Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia
- Cuban Relations
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Engrossed Bills
- Enrolled Bills
- Establish a University in the United States (Select)
- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service
- Expenditures in Executive Departments
- Finance
- Fisheries
- Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select)
- Foreign Relations
- Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game
- Geological Survey
- Immigration
- Immigration and Naturalization
- Indian Affairs
- Industrial Expositions
- Interoceanic Canals
- Interstate Commerce
- Irrigation and Reclamation
- Judiciary
- Library
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)
- National Banks (Select)
- Naval Affairs
- Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Pensions
- Philippines
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Potomac River Front (Select)
- Printing
- Private Land Claims
- Privileges and Elections
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Health and National Quarantine
- Public Lands
- Railroads
- Revision of the Laws
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules
- Standards, Weights and Measures (Select)
- Territories
- Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select)
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard
- Whole
- Woman Suffrage (Select)
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Census
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- District of Columbia
- Education
- Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress
- Elections
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Agriculture Department
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Justice Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Immigration and Naturalization
- Indian Affairs
- Insular Affairs
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce
- Invalid Pensions
- Irrigation of Arid Lands
- Labor
- Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River
- Manufactures
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Reform in the Civil Service
- Revision of Laws
- Rivers and Harbors
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ventilation and Acoustics
- War Claims
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark, died January 6, 1902.
- Elliott Woods, appointed February 19, 1902.
- Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
- Public Printer of the United States: Frank W. Palmer
Senate
- Secretary: Charles G. Bennett
- Sergeant at Arms: Daniel M. Ransdell
- Chaplain: William H. Millburn, Methodist
- F.J. Prettyman, Methodist, elected December 2, 1902.
House of Representatives
- Clerk: Alexander McDowell
- Sergeant at Arms: Henry Casson
- Doorkeeper: William J. Glenn
- Postmaster: Joseph C. McElroy
- Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
- Clerk: Asher C. Hinds
- Chaplain: Henry N. Couden, Universalist
See also
- United States elections, 1900 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1902 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- ↑ "SENATORS FIGHT ON SENATE FLOOR; McLaurin and Tillman of South Carolina Come to Blows. BOTH ADJUDGED IN CONTEMPT They Apologize, but Committee Will Pass on the Affair. Fisticuffs Followed McLaurin's Assertion That Tillman Had Lied About Him in the Course of Philippine Debate". The New York Times. February 23, 1902.
- ↑ Journal of the Senate of the South Dakota Legislature Commencing January 6, 1903, Eighth Session. Pierre, South Dakota. 1903. p. 296.
- Gould, Lewis L. (2005). The Most Exclusive Club. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-465-02778-4.
- Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-088434-7.
- U.S. Congress (2005). "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
- U.S. House of Representatives (2006). "Congressional History". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
- U.S. Senate (2006). "Statistics and Lists". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 1st Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 2nd Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).
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