Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines

The Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines (also known as family B engines for the 4 cylinder units, and family C engines for the 5 cylinder units) are a family of engines produced by the Fiat Group since 1994 and used in Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia and Jeep vehicles. They are named after the Pratola Serra municipality in which they're being produced.

Story

This new engine family debuted with the Lancia Kappa, and was born to allow the production of different units in various displacements and configurations while decreasing development and productions costs thanks to the modular architecture.

Launch versions:

Displacement
(cc)
Bore
(mm)
Stroke
(mm)
Cylinders Cycle Note
19988275.655OttoNaturally aspirated, variable valve timing
24468390.405OttoNaturally aspirated, variable valve timing, variable-length intake manifold
23878290.405DieselTurbocharged

The Pratola Serra modular engines are an evolution of the Fiat Twin Cam engine, incorporating TwinSpark technology in some applications to replace the Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine.

These engines are produced in the FGA's FMA (Fabbrica Motori Automobilistici) factory in Pratola Serra. It's an advanced factory, with a production capacity of 600,000 engines/year and producing both petrol and Diesel engines.

Started in 1993, it was developed to produce multiple engines with a single production line. The achieved result is that 8 different cylinder blocks are produced on the same line, that can in turn be coupled with 8 different crankshafts (5 different steel ones and 3 different cast iron ones), 15 different camshafts, 9 different cylinder heads, 6 different connecting rods, 5 different flywheels and 10 different intake manifolds, for a total of 90 possible engines.

In 2010 the Chinese GAC Group started the production of 1.8 and 2.0 Alfa Romeo Twin Spark 16V configurations of the Pratola Serra modular engine branded as VTML in China. These engines constitute however unique configurations, mating the single spark plug cylinder head from the 1.8 16V VFD to the 1747 and 1970 Twin Spark engine blocks, the latter with balance shafts, while retaining the power levels of the Twin Spark 16V. While these engines have been phased out in the European market in favor of Multijet turbodiesel configurations and the 1.4 MultiAir Turbo gasoline engine, they have later been updated with dual variable valve timing (branded DCVVT) and turbochargers, and are as of 2016 used in Trumpchi automobiles.

Engine specifications

Engine blocks: produced in four- and five-cylinder versions, they have similar specs. They are cast iron, with five main bearings for the four cylinder versions and six main bearings for the five cylinder versions, and can withstand turbocharging. Some versions have counter-rotating balance shafts to reduce vibrations. The aluminium pistons have graphite skirts to reduce internal engine friction, providing more reliability and efficiency.

Cylinder heads are built in aluminium alloy. Petrol versions have an integrated coolant pump and pentroof combustion chambers with an angle of 47° between valves. The turbodiesels have a different, flat combustion chamber design.

They have a DOHC valvetrain configuration with hydraulic tappets, driving four valves per cylinder. Exceptions are the 1.4 12V unit, also with hydraulic tappets but a SOHC valvetrain, driving three valves per cylinder, and the 1.9 8V and 2.4 10V turbodiesels, with a SOHC valvetrain with mechanical tappets, driving two valves per cylinder. Some versions have variable valve timing (VVT). The camshafts are toothed belt-driven. The 1750 TBi gasoline and 16V Multijet diesel engines feature hydraulic tappets with roller rocker arms.

In addition to VVT, some versions have also variable-length intake manifold (VIS).

Behavior

Variable Valve Timing optimizes the engine's intake stroke, boosting thermal efficiency and achieving a broader and more regular torque curve.

The hydraulic tappets reduce noise levels and also maintenance needs.

Variable-length intake manifold improves the volumetric efficiency of the engine, providing better performance in the whole engine speed range.

Engine blocks

Displacement
(cc)
Bore
(mm)
Stroke
(mm)
Cylinders Cycle
13708264.874Otto
15988275.654Otto
17428380.504Otto
17478282.704Otto
197083914Otto
159879.5080.504Diesel
19108290.404Diesel
19568390.404Diesel
19988275.655Otto
214383994Diesel, aluminum block
218483.8994Diesel
24468390.405Otto
23878290.405Diesel

Current production

Displacement
(cc)
Bore
(mm)
Stroke
(mm)
Cylinders Cycle Configuration Power output
17428380.504Otto16V DOHC with dual variable valve timing, Turbocharged, Direct Injection240 hp
159879.5080.504Diesel16V DOHC, Turbocharged, Multijet II105-120 hp
19568390.404Diesel16V DOHC, Turbocharged, Multijet II135-170 hp
214383994Diesel16V DOHC, Turbocharged, Multijet II, aluminum-cast block135-210 hp
218483.8994Diesel16V DOHC, Turbocharged, Multijet II185-200 hp

Applications on Fiat vehicles

Petrol units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
13701.4 12VBravo I, Brava, Marea
17471.8 16V 115PSBravo I, Brava, Marea
17471.8 16V 131PS VFDPunto II HGT, Barchetta, Coupé, Stilo
19982.0 20VBravo I, Marea, Coupé
24462.4 20VMarea (South America), Stilo Abarth
Diesel units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
15981.6 Multijet/Multijet II 16VGrande Punto, Bravo II, Doblò, Linea, 500L, 500X, Tipo
19101.9 D/TD/Jtd/Multijet 8V/16VBravo I, Brava, Marea, Multipla, Palio, Strada, Punto, Stilo, Doblò, Idea, Grande Punto, Sedici, Bravo II
19562.0 Multijet/Multijet II 16VBravo II, Sedici, Freemont, Doblò, Ducato
23872.4 TD/JTD/Multijet 10V/20VMarea, Croma

Applications on Lancia vehicles

Petrol units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
13701.4 12VY
17421.8 Di T-Jet 16VDelta III
17471.8 16V 131PS VFDDedra, Delta II, Lybra
19982.0 20VK, Lybra, Thesis
24462.4 20VKappa, Lybra (Protecta), Thesis
Diesel units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
15981.6 Multijet 16VMusa, Delta III
19101.9 JTD/Multijet 8V/16VLybra, Musa, Delta III (twinturbo)
19562.0 Multijet 16VDelta III
23872.4 TD/JTD/Multijet 10V/20VKappa, Lybra, Thesis

Applications on Alfa Romeo vehicles

Petrol units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
13701.4 Twin Spark 16V145, 146
15981.6 Twin Spark 16V Eco 105HP147
15981.6 Twin Spark 16V 120HP155, 145, 146, 156, 147
17421750 Turbo Benzina159, 4C, Giulietta
17471.8 Twin Spark 16V155, 145, 146, GTV, Spider, 156, GT
19702.0 Twin Spark 16V155, 145, 146, GTV, Spider, 156, 166, 147, GT
19702.0 JTSGTV, Spider, 156, GT
Diesel units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
15981.6 JTDm/JTDm2 16VMito, Giulietta
19101.9 JTD/JTDm 8V/16V145, 146, 156, 147, GT, 159
19562.0 JTDm/JTDm2 16V159, Brera, Spider, Giulietta
21432.2 JTDm2 16VGiulia
23872.4 JTD/JTDm 10V/20V166, 156, 159, Brera, Nuova Spider

Applications on Jeep vehicles

Diesel units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
15981.6 Multijet II 16VRenegade (BU)
19562.0 Multijet 16VCherokee (KL), Renegade (BU)
21842.2 Multijet II 16VCherokee (KL)

Applications on other vehicles

Petrol units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
15981.6 16V DCVVTTrumpchi GA3/GA3S, Trumpchi GA5, Trumpchi GA6
17471.8 16V DCVVTTrumpchi GA5, Trumpchi GA6, Trumpchi GS5 Super
19702.0 16V DCVVTTrumpchi GA5, Trumpchi GS5 Super
Diesel units
(cc)
Type Vehicles
15981.6 Common RailOpel Combo D
19101.9 Common RailOpel Zafira, Saab 9-3, Cadillac BLS
19562.0 Common RailOpel Astra, Opel Insignia

See also

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