Sanremo Music Festival

The Festival della canzone italiana di Sanremo (in English: Italian song festival of Sanremo) is the most popular Italian song contest and awards, held annually in the town of Sanremo, in Italy, and consisting of a competition amongst previously unreleased songs.^[1] Usually referred to as Festival di Sanremo, or outside Italy as Sanremo Music Festival or Sanremo Music Festival Award, it was the inspiration for the Eurovision Song Contest.^[2]

It is the music equivalent to the Premio Regia Televisiva for television, the Premio Ubu for stage performances, and the Premio David di Donatello for motion pictures, but with a longer history and contest associated with.

The first edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, held between 29 and 31 January 1951, was broadcast by RAI's radio station Rete Rossa and its only three participants were Nilla Pizzi, Achille Togliani and Duo Fasano.^[3] Starting from 1955 all the editions of the Festival have been broadcast live by the Italian TV station Rai 1.^[4][5]

From 1951 to 1976, the Festival took place in the Sanremo Casino, but starting from 1977, all the following editions were held in the Teatro Ariston,^[6] except 1990's one, held at the Nuovo Mercato dei Fiori.^[7]

Between 1953 and 1971, except in 1956, each song was sung twice by two different artists, each one using an individual orchestral arrangement, to illustrate the meaning of the festival as a composers' competition, not a singers' competition. During this era of the festival, it was custom that one version of the song was performed by a native Italian artist while the other version was performed by an international guest artist.^[8]

The festival is used as the way of choosing the Italian entry to the Eurovision Song Contest and it has launched the careers of some of Italy's most successful singers, including Andrea Bocelli,^[9] Paola e Chiara, Giorgia,^[10] Laura Pausini,^[11] Eros Ramazzotti,^[12] and Gigliola Cinquetti.^[13]

The Festival airs annually in Australia on the multicultural broadcaster SBS One.

History

The Sanremo Casino hosted the Sanremo Music Festival between 1951 and 1976.

In the aftermath of World War II, one of the proposals to revitalize the economy and the reputation of Sanremo was to create an annual music festival to be held in the city.^[14] During the summer of 1950, the administrator of the Sanremo Casino, Piero Bussetti, and the conductor of the RAI orchestra, Giulio Razzi, rediscussed the idea, deciding to launch a competition among previously unreleased songs.^[15] Officially titled Festival della Canzone Italiana (English: Italian song festival), the first edition of the show was held at the Sanremo Casino on 29, 30 and 31 January 1951.^[14] The final of the competition was broadcast by Rete Rossa, the second most important RAI radio station.^[16] Twenty songs took part in the competition, performed by three artists only–Nilla Pizzi, Duo Fasano and Achille Togliani.^[8]

Starting from the third edition of the festival, held in 1953, each song was performed by two different artists with different orchestras and arrangements.^[17] Two years later, in 1955, the festival made its first appearance on television, since part of the final night was also broadcast by RAI's channel Programma Nazionale.^[18] The last night of the show was also broadcast in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland.^[16]

In 1964, Gianni Ravera, who organized the 14th Sanremo Music Festival, slightly changed the rules of the contest, requiring each song to be performed once by an Italian artist, and once by an international singer,^[19] which was allowed to perform the song in any language.^[8] The same rule was applied in the following year's contest.^[20] Between 1967 and 1971, entries were not forced to be interpreted by foreign artists, but double performances were kept. Starting from 1972, each entry was sung by one artist only.^[21]

The Teatro Ariston hosts the Sanremo Music Festival since 1977. The only exception was 1990's contest, hosted at Sanremo's Palafiori.

The competing artists were split for the first time into "Big artists" and "Young artists" during the Sanremo Music Festival 1974. The competition had one winner only, but the entries in the "Young artists" category had to go through an elimination round, while "Big artists" were directly admitted to the final.^[8]

In 1977, the Sanremo Casino, which hosted all the previous editions of the contest, was not available for renovations, therefore the show moved to the Teatro Ariston.^[22] The theater later became the usual location for the annual contest,^[23] hosting it every year except in 1990, when the show was held at the Nuovo Mercato dei Fiori, also known as Palafiori.^[24]

In 1980, pre-recorded backing tracks replaced the orchestra, while playback performances were allowed in 1983 during the final.^[25] In 1984 and 1985, all the artists were forced to perform in playback, while live performances with the orchestra were reintroduced in 1986.^[25] During the same years, several other changes were introduced in the contest. In 1982, accredited music journalists decided to create an award to recognise the best song competing in the festival. Starting from 1983, the prize was officially awarded during the event. The critics' prize was later entitled to Mia Martini, who was the first artist receiving it in 1982 for her entry "E non finisce mica il cielo".^[26]

Moreover, starting from 1984, the separation between newcomers and established artists was marked introducing two different competitions with separate winners.^[8] In 1989 a third category, the Upcoming Artists Section, was introduced, but it was removed the following year.^[27] Only in 1998 the top three artists in the newcomers section were allowed to compete in the main competition. This led to the victory of the debuting Annalisa Minetti, which generated several controversy and led to the reintroduction of completely separate competitions starting from 1999.^[28]

The distinction among different categories was abolished again in 2004.^[29] The following year, the contest included five different categories—Newcomers, Men, Women, Groups and Classics. The winner of each category competed for the final victory of the contest.^[30] The category Classic was abolished in 2006,^[31] while starting from 2007 the festival came back to the rules used in the 1990s, with two completely separated competitions for established artists and newcomers.^[32]

In 2009, a new competition, entirely held through the Web, was introduced by the president of the 59th edition of the contest, Paolo Bonolis. Titled Sanremofestival.59,^[33] the contest was not held in the following years.

Winners

Big Artists section

1950s

Domenico Modugno won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1958, 1959, 1962 and 1966.

1960s

Brazilian singer Roberto Carlos won the Sanremo Music Festival with Sergio Endrigo in 1968.

1970s

Adriano Celentano and Claudia Mori won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1970.

1980s

Anna Oxa won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1989 with Fausto Leali, singing "Ti lascerò". She also won ten years later with "Senza pietà".

1990s

Giorgia won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1995. In 2001, she took second place singing "Di sole e d'azzurro".

2000s

Elisa debuted in the Sanremo Music Festival in 2001, when she won with the song "Luce (Tramonti a nord est)", co-written with Italian singer-songwriter Zucchero. It was her first Italian-language song.

2010s

Emma Marrone, winner of the 2012 festival with her song "Non è l'inferno"

Newcomers section

Eros Ramazzotti was the first winner of the Newcomers section, in 1984, with the song "Terra promessa". He also ranked first in the big section in 1986 with "Adesso tu".

1980s

1990s

Laura Pausini started her career in 1993, when she won the Newcomers section of the Sanremo Music Festival with "La solitudine".

Andrea Bocelli won the Newcomers section of the Sanremo Music Festival in 1994 with "Il mare calmo della sera".

2000s

Dolcenera won the Sanremo Music Festival in the Newcomers section in 2003, singing "Siamo tutti là fuori".

2010s

Other sections

Critics Award "Mia Martini"

Big Artists section and Newcomers section

Mia Martini was the first winner of the Critics Award, in 1982. The Award was later entitled to her memory.

Fiorella Mannoia won the Critics Award in 1987 and in 1988.

Malika Ayane won the Critics Award in 2010 and in 2015, singing "Ricomincio da qui" and "Adesso e qui (nostalgico presente)", respectively.

Raphael Gualazzi won the Critics Award in the Newcomers section in 2011, with the song "Follia d'amore".

Notable foreign duet singers

Louis Armstrong participated in the festival in 1968.

Notable guest artists of that time were, among others:

• 1964: Peggy March, team partner of Claudio Villa with "Passo su passo", semi-finals only.^[148][149]
• 1965: Connie Francis, team partner of Gigliola Cinquetti with "Ho bisogno di vederti".^[150]
• 1965: Petula Clark, team partner of Betty Curtis with "Invece no".^[151]
• 1965: Dusty Springfield, team partner of Gianni Mascolo with "Di fronte all'amore", semi-finals only.^[151]
• 1965: Audrey Arno, team partner of Remo Germani with "Prima o poi".^[151]
• 1966: Gene Pitney, team partner of Caterina Caselli with "Nessuno mi può giudicare".^[152]
• 1966: Pat Boone, team partner of Peppino Gagliardi with "Se tu non fossi qui"^[152]
• 1967: Dalida, team partner of Luigi Tenco with "Ciao, amore ciao", semi-finals only.^[153]
• 1968: Roberto Carlos, team partner of Sergio Endrigo with "Canzone per te" (winner).^[154]
• 1968: Bobbie Gentry, team partner of Al Bano with "La siepe".^[154]
• 1968: Dionne Warwick, team partner of Tony del Monaco with "La voce del silenzio".^[154]
• 1968: Louis Armstrong, team partner of Lara Saint Paul with "Mi va di cantare".^[154]
• 1968: Wilson Pickett, team partner of Fausto Leali with "Deborah".^[154]
• 1969: Mary Hopkin, team partner of Sergio Endrigo with "Lontano dagli occhi" (second place).^[155]
• 1969: Stevie Wonder, team partner of Gabriella Ferri with "Se tu ragazzo mio", semi-finals only.^[155]
• 1971: José Feliciano, team partner of Ricchi e Poveri with "Che sarà" (second place).^[156]
• 1990: Ray Charles, team partner of Toto Cutugno with "Gli amori" (second place).

Hosts

Pippo Baudo presented thirteen editions of the Sanremo Music Festival.

The first edition of the Sanremo Music Festival was hosted by Nunzio Filogamo. He also hosted the next three editions of the musical event. In 2003, Pippo Baudo hosted the festival for the eleventh time, matching the record previously held by Mike Bongiorno.^[157] He later overtook this record, hosting the Sanremo Music Festival in 2007 and in 2008.^[158]

This is the full list of the hosts of the festival:^[159]

• 1951 – Nunzio Filogamo
• 1952 – Nunzio Filogamo
• 1953 – Nunzio Filogamo
• 1954 – Nunzio Filogamo
• 1955 – Armando Pizzo, Maria Teresa Ruta
• 1956 – Fausto Tommei, Maria Teresa Ruta
• 1957 – Nunzio Filogamo, Marisa Allasio, Fiorella Mari
• 1958 – Gianni Agus, Fulvia Colombo
• 1959 – Enzo Tortora, Adriana Serra
• 1960 – Enza Sampò, Paolo Ferrari
• 1961 – Lilly Lembo, Giuliana Calandra
• 1962 – Renato Tagliani, Laura Efrikian, Vicky Ludovisi
• 1963 – Mike Bongiorno, Edy Campagnoli, Rossana Armani, Giuliana Copreni, Maria Giovannini
• 1964 – Mike Bongiorno, Giuliana Lojodice
• 1965 – Mike Bongiorno, Grazia Maria Spina
• 1966 – Mike Bongiorno, Paola Penni, Carla M. Puccini
• 1967 – Mike Bongiorno, Renata Mauro
• 1968 – Pippo Baudo, Luisa Rivelli
• 1969 – Nuccio Costa, Gabriella Farinon
• 1970 – Nuccio Costa, Enrico Maria Salerno, Ira Fürstenberg
• 1971 – Carlo Giuffrè, Elsa Martinelli
• 1972 – Mike Bongiorno, Sylva Koscina
• 1973 – Mike Bongiorno, Gabriella Farinon
• 1974 – Corrado, Gabriella Farinon
• 1975 – Mike Bongiorno, Sabina Ciuffini
• 1976 – Giancarlo Guardabassi
• 1977 – Mike Bongiorno, Maria Giovanna Elmi
• 1978 – Beppe Grillo, Maria Giovanna Elmi, Stefania Casini, Vittorio Salvetti
• 1979 – Mike Bongiorno, Annamaria Rizzoli
• 1980 – Claudio Cecchetto, Roberto Benigni, Olimpia Carlisi, Daniele Piombi
• 1981 – Claudio Cecchetto, Eleonora Vallone, Nilla Pizzi, Franco Solfiti
• 1982 – Claudio Cecchetto, Patrizia Rossetti, Daniele Piombi
• 1983 – Andrea Giordana, Emanuela Falcetti, Anna Pettinelli, Isabel Russinova, Daniele Piombi, Roberta Manfredi
• 1984 – Pippo Baudo, Elisabetta Gardini, Edy Angelillo, Iris Peynado, Tiziana Pini, Isabella Rocchietta and Viola Simoncioni^[160]
• 1985 – Pippo Baudo, Patty Brard
• 1986 – Loretta Goggi, Anna Pettinelli, Sergio Mancinelli, Mauro Micheloni
• 1987 – Pippo Baudo, Carlo Massarini
• 1988 – Miguel Bosè, Gabriella Carlucci, Carlo Massarini, Kay Sandvik, Lara St.Paul, Memo Remigi
• 1989 – Rosita Celentano, Paola Dominguin, Danny Quinn, Gianmarco Tognazzi, Kay Sandvik, Ann Clare Matz
• 1990 – Johnny Dorelli, Gabriella Carlucci
• 1991 – Edwige Fenech, Andrea Occhipinti
• 1992 – Pippo Baudo, Milly Carlucci, Alba Parietti, Brigitte Nielsen^[160]
• 1993 – Pippo Baudo, Lorella Cuccarini
• 1994 – Pippo Baudo, Anna Oxa, Cannelle
• 1995 – Pippo Baudo, Anna Falchi, Claudia Koll
• 1996 – Pippo Baudo, Valeria Mazza, Sabrina Ferilli
• 1997 – Mike Bongiorno, Piero Chiambretti, Valeria Marini
• 1998 – Raimondo Vianello, Eva Herzigova, Veronica Pivetti
• 1999 – Fabio Fazio, Renato Dulbecco, Laetitia Casta
• 2000 – Fabio Fazio, Luciano Pavarotti, Teo Teocoli, Ines Sastre
• 2001 – Raffaella Carrà, Megan Gale, Enrico Papi, Massimo Ceccherini
• 2002 – Pippo Baudo, Manuela Arcuri, Vittoria Belvedere
• 2003 – Pippo Baudo, Serena Autieri, Claudia Gerini
• 2004 – Simona Ventura, Paola Cortellesi, Gene Gnocchi
• 2005 – Paolo Bonolis, Antonella Clerici, Federica Felini
• 2006 – Giorgio Panariello, Victoria Cabello, Ilary Blasi
• 2007 – Pippo Baudo, Michelle Hunziker
• 2008 – Pippo Baudo, Piero Chiambretti, Andrea Osvart, Bianca Guaccero
• 2009 – Paolo Bonolis, Luca Laurenti
• 2010 – Antonella Clerici
• 2011 – Gianni Morandi, Elisabetta Canalis, Belen Rodriguez, Luca Bizzarri, Paolo Kessisoglu
• 2012 – Gianni Morandi, Ivana Mrazova, Rocco Papaleo^[161]
• 2013 – Fabio Fazio, Luciana Littizzetto^[162]
• 2014 – Fabio Fazio, Luciana Littizzetto
• 2015 – Carlo Conti, Arisa, Emma, Rocío Muñoz Morales
• 2016 – Carlo Conti, Gabriel Garko, Virginia Raffaele, Madalina Ghenea
• 2017 – Carlo Conti, Maria De Filippi

Controversy

Povia at the 2009 Sanremo Festival.

In 2009 the song "Luca era gay" (English: Luca Was Gay), written and sung by Povia, was considered by some gay rights organizations as an anti-gay song.^[163] The controversy was also based on the name of the song's character: according to Aurelio Mancuso, president of the Arcigay, the name refers to Luca Tolvi, who claimed that Joseph Nicolosi cured his homosexuality.^[164] Povia denied this thesis and claimed that the song is about a man he met on a train, whose real name is Massimiliano.^[165] The song won second place in the Festival.^[166]

Trivia

• In The Talented Mr. Ripley by Patricia Highsmith and its film adaptations, Dickie Greenleaf invites Tom Ripley to travel to the Sanremo Music Festival to enjoy some jazz, as a parting gesture before sending Ripley on his way. The ensuing events in San Remo have major implications for all of the characters.
• In 1960 future Italian pop legend Mina Mazzini made her Sanremo debut.^[167] This singing contest helped launch her career.
• The song "Perdere l'amore" was proposed in 1987 by Gianni Nazzaro and rejected in the preliminary song screening. A year later it was proposed by Massimo Ranieri and won the contest.^[168]
• In 1990 Patty Pravo turned down the opportunity to participate in the Sanremo Music Festival with "Donna con te", which was sung in the event by Anna Oxa.^[169]
• In 2007, the song "Bruci la città" was rejected in the screening, mainly as a decision of that year's artistic director Pippo Baudo, who later explained that the decision was due to the poor quality of the received demo.^[170] However, the song was later released by Irene Grandi and became one of her biggest hits.^[171]

See also

• List of historic rock festivals
• RAI
• Sanremo
• Sopot International Song Festival
• Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest
• Brit Awards, the British equivalent.^[172]
• Juno Award, the Canadian equivalent.^[173]
• Victoires de la Musique the French equivalent.
• Grammy Award, the American equivalent.^[174]
• Latin Grammy Award
• Eurovision Song Contest, the European equivalent.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Festival della Canzone Italiana di Sanremo.

• Sanremo Music Festival - official website
• Festivaldisanremo.com - Independent website on Sanremo Music Festival since 1998
• RAI - official website
• City of Sanremo