Felipillo

Felipillo (or Felipe) was a native Amerindian translator who accompanied Spanish conquistadors Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro on their various expeditions to Peru during their conquest of the Inca Empire. His real name is not known.

Biography

Felipillo is believed to be born on the Island of Puná, Felipillo learned Quechua in Tumbes from natives who spoke it as a second language, though there is discrepancy between the Spanish contemporary sources about the town of birth of Felipillo. According to some he was a native of Tumbez and according to others he was born in the region Poechos, then Tallan ethnicity, but an isolated version places him from the island of Puna. Felipillo learned basic Spanish from Pizarro's soldiers and was later taken back to Panama by Pizarro.[1] [2]

On his return to Peru, Felipillo continued serving as a translator for the Spanish as the conquest of the country carried its course,[2]:164 although historians agree that the interpreting provided by Felipillo was far from faithful or even helpful for the Spanish. After Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca Atahualpa during the Battle of Cajamarca in 1532, Felipillo was the main translator for Pizarro and Atahualpa during their first meeting. Since Felipillo belonged to a rival tribe and was having an affair with one of Atahualpa's concubines, he deliberately translated Pizarro's messages in an inaccurate manner to the Inca king, and spread false rumours.[2]:200,211,252-256 Felipillo later betrayed Almagro during his expedition to Quito.[2]:343

In another incident, Felipillo betrayed Almagro during his expedition of Chile by secretly telling the local natives to attack the Spanish since they only wanted their gold and urged them to attack them or run away. Some accounts say that when Almagro found out of Felipillo's betraying motives and his confession about purposely misinterpreting Pizarro's message to Atahualpa, he ordered his soldiers to capture Felipillo and tear his body apart with horses in front of the region's Curaca.

Nowadays, among Peruvians, the word "Felipillo" has taken a meaning similar to "traitor."

References

  1. ↑ Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, ISBN 9781420941142
  2. 1 2 3 4 Leon, P., 1998, The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter, edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822321460
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