Vincentius Sangermano

Vincenzo Sangermano, C.R.S.P. (1758, Arpino - 1819, Livorno), was an Italian Barnabite priest and missionary who traveled to South-East Asia in the late 1700s and worked in Burma from 1783 to 1808. After his return to Italy, he was placed in charge of the house of his Order, in Arpino. He planned to return to Burma, but died before he could set sail. He is the author of A Description of the Burmese Empire, translated into English and posthumously published in 1833, which proved a valuable source of information for the later study of Burma and its people.

Biography

Sangermano was sent out in 1782 to aid in the mission in what is now Burma;[1] the order had been assigned Ava and Pegu in Burma, a mission they maintained until 1832.[2] Arriving in Rangoon in July 1783, he went on to reside in Ava.[1] He soon returned to Rangoon where he worked spend the rest of his career in Burma,[3] and where he also ministered to the descendants of Portuguese colonists,[4] who had been deported to a remote region after the Portuguese rulers in Thanlyin had been defeated in the early seventeenth century; apparently Sangermano found two thousand of them still maintaining their religion.[5] By all accounts he was successful in his mission, and counted the wife of the Viceroy of Pegu among those who attended his church (though she never converted).[6] He also documented what he saw among the peoples he visited, including for instance the Karen,[7] and his notes are some of the earliest Western witnesses to the Burmese people.[8] He learned the Burmese language, studied the literature, and was held "in high estimation by the natives for his exemplary life and inoffensive manners."[4] Sangermano was a skilled draughtsman, and received a lifelong pension from the British East India Company for having drawn a very accurate map of the port of Rangoon.[9]

Sangermano returned to Italy in 1808, and while he had wished to return to his mission, the Napoleonic invasion and the ensuing war prevented him from doing so.[9] He became president of the Barnabite order in Arpino, all the while preparing a manuscript outlining his experiences in Burma, but his death in 1819 preventing him from seeing the publication of the book. Apparently, he died in Livorno, preparing to sail for Burma again.[10]

Description of the Burmese Empire

Sangermao's manuscript was first published in 1833 as A Description of the Burmese Empire, with the help of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland[1] and Cardinal Wiseman,[6] who wrote the introduction to the book. It was reprinted in 1884 with a preface and additional notes by John Jardine, under the title The Burmese empire a hundred years ago, and again by Jardine, with an added introduction, in 1893, under the same title—an edition criticized for its spelling and lack of notes in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.[11] The book contains chapters on cosmography, religion, history, and the like, and an abstract of the Burmese Dhammasattha, the 'golden rule.'[11]

The English 1833 translation proved an important document for the later study of Burma and provided important demographic and other information,[12] though some of its content proved erroneous or exaggerated, or otherwise in need of modification. For instance, he assessed the size of the population of the kingdom of Burma, as he called it, at 2 million, but this refers only to the area called Upper Burma. Sangermano also describes the practice of "heating" women just after childbirth, by placing them naked close to a fire until they were "quite scorched and blackened." While heating methods did play a part in postnatal care, "Sangermano's account appears highly sensationalised." His descriptions of a disease he calls "mordazinno," a Portuguese word, seems to indicate the presence of cholera in Burma before 1817.[13] His description of the Burmese people (as inherently lazy) was severely criticized in 1882 by James George Scott in The Burman: his life and notions.[8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sangermano, Father (1833). William Tandy (trans.), ed. A Description of the Burmese Empire. Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. pp. iii–iv. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
  2. ↑ Tondini di Quarenghi, Cesario (1907). "Barnabites". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  3. ↑ Sangermano, Father (1893). "Preface to the first edition (1833)". In John Jardine, Nicholas Patrick Wiseman. The Burmese empire a hundred years ago. pp. xxxvii–xxxix. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  4. 1 2 Sangermano, Father (1893). John Jardine, Nicholas Patrick Wiseman, ed. The Burmese empire a hundred years ago. A. Constable and company. p. 25. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  5. ↑ Sakhong, Lian H. (2003). In search of Chin identity: a study in religion, politics and ethnic identity in Burma. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7007-1764-4.
  6. 1 2 Fytche, Albert (1878). Burma past and present. C. K. Paul & co. pp. 196–97.
  7. ↑ Rajah, Ananda (2008). Remaining Karen: A Study of Cultural Reproduction and the Maintenance of Identity. Anu E Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-1-921536-11-3.
  8. 1 2 Scott, James George (188). The Burman: his life and notions, vol. 2. Macmillan. pp. 89–90.
  9. 1 2 Valery, Antoine Claude Pasquin (1839). Historical, literary, and artistic travels in Italy: a complete and methodical guide for travellers and artists. Baudry. p. 493.
  10. ↑ Sangermano, Father (1893). "Preface to the second edition (1884)". In John Jardine, Nicholas Patrick Wiseman. The Burmese empire a hundred years ago. pp. xxxiii–xxxvi. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  11. 1 2 St. John, R.F.St.A. (1893). "Notices of books: Description of the Burmese Empire". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 901–902.
  12. ↑ He is cited, for instance, in vol. 48 of Harper's Magazine ("Rev. of Frank Vincent, The Land of the White Elephant". Harper's Magazine. December 1873 – May 1874. Retrieved 22 November 2010.) and in James George Frazer's The Golden Bough (Frazer, James George (1913). The golden bough: a study in magic and religion, Volume 9. Macmillan. p. 175. Retrieved 22 November 2010.).
  13. ↑ Richell, Judith L. (2006). Disease and demography in colonial Burma. NUS Press. pp. 9; 138; 11, 171. ISBN 978-9971-69-301-5.
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