Fairmount Line

FAIRMOUNT LINE
An outbound train at Talbot Ave station in 2012
Overview
Type	Commuter rail line
System	Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Status	Operating
Locale	Eastern Massachusetts
Termini	Boston South Station Readville
Stations	8 active 1 planned
Daily ridership	2,257 (2016 weekday average)[1]
Operation
Owner	MBTA
Operator(s)	Keolis North America
Character	Elevated and surface-level
Technical
Line length	9.2 mi (14.8 km)
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map South Station Amtrak Northeast Corridor, Framingham/Worcester, Franklin, Needham, and Providence/Stoughton Lines Fort Point Channel Greenbush and Old Colony Lines Newmarket Uphams Corner Four Corners/Geneva Ave Talbot Ave Morton Street Blue Hill Avenue (under construction) Neponset River Fairmount Neponset River Readville Interim Repair Facility Amtrak NEC and Providence/Stoughton Line Readville Amtrak NEC and Providence/Stoughton Line Franklin Line Dedham Branch (closed 1967)

The Fairmount Line or Dorchester Branch is a line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Except for a short portion in Milton, it lies entirely within Boston, progressing in a southwesterly trajectory, passing through the neighborhoods of Dorchester, Mattapan and Hyde Park. Weekend service began on November 29, 2014.^[2][3] Most trains reverse direction at the south end at Readville, but a few continue onto the Franklin Line.

From the 1980s until 2012, the Fairmount Line had only five stations: three plus the two termini (South Station and Readville); however, three more stations were added to the line between 2012 and 2013. The first of these, Talbot Ave, opened on November 12, 2012, followed by Newmarket and Four Corners/Geneva on July 1, 2013.^[4][5] Due to neighborhood opposition over its design and location, another planned station, Blue Hill Avenue, has been delayed until 2019.^[6] All stations on the line are fully handicapped accessible.

The corridor currently serves mostly low-income and working-class communities.^[7] Despite frequent cancellations, a June 2016 count showed that ridership had nearly tripled from 2012.^[1]

History

Former service

Map showing the original South Boston routing

The line was built as an entrance to Boston for the Norfolk County Railroad and its successors, which originally had to rely on a connection via the Boston and Providence Railroad from Dedham. The new line, built in 1855, split from the old one at Islington and ran northeast, crossing the Boston and Providence Railroad at Readville. It continued on through Hyde Park and Dorchester before crossing the Old Colony Railroad at South Bay Junction. The line continued into South Boston and made a sweeping curve along a trestle west to downtown Boston and a terminal at Dewey Square.

After several failed reorganizations, the line became part of the New York and New England Railroad in 1873 and the New England Railroad in 1895. The New England was leased to the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1898 and became their Midland Division. The line was operationally split at Readville, the crossing of the Boston and Providence (also leased by the NYNH&H), with many trains using the Midland from the southwest switching to the B&P, and some on the B&P from the south switching to the Midland.

In 1899, the new South Station union station opened, and a new set of tracks was built for the Midland on the west side of the Old Colony Railroad mainline, also part of the NYNH&H. The old South Boston station (located on West 1st Street between A and B Streets) was abandoned, being north of the junction with the new alignment, and the old terminal was no longer used, with the last bit of the old line (over Fort Point Channel) removed, and the rest used for freight only. South Boston was however served by the station that had been built for the Old Colony, now between the Old Colony and Midland tracks.

Under New Haven Railroad control, most intercity and some commuter trains from the former NY&NE (now the Franklin Line) switched onto the Northeast Corridor mainline (former B&P) at Readville, with Midland Branch service largely limited to local trains. Passenger service last ran on the Midland north of Readville in 1944 after a long period of declining ridership, though the line continued to be used for freight service to South Boston.

Restoration of passenger service

Morton Street station as built in 1979

The MBTA bought the line (since merged into Penn Central) from Readville to Southampton Street in 1976 (the part south of Readville was bought in 1973 as part of the Franklin Line) and modernized it for use as a bypass while the mainline was closed during the Southwest Corridor project.^[3] On November 3, 1979, all trains on the Franklin and Providence/Stoughton Lines, as well as Amtrak intercity service, were rerouted via the Midland.^[3] Three of the old stations - Fairmount, Morton Street and Uphams Corner - were rebuilt with bare asphalt platforms and opened for local commuter service. The restored service on the line was not intended to be permanent; however, the service became locally popular.^[8] Uphams Corner and Morton Street stations closed on January 30, 1981, as part of system-wide cuts that included the closure of the Woburn Branch.^[3]

On October 5, 1987, the new Southwest Corridor opened to commuter service; most Franklin Line and Attleboro/Stoughton Line service was rerouted to the mainline. The MBTA began operating the Fairmount Shuttle (later known as the Fairmount Line) between South Station and Fairmount as a response to community demand; the stops at Morton Street and Uphams Corner were reopened. The shuttle was extended to Readville on November 30, 1987.^[3] The route - sometimes called the Dorchester Branch by the MBTA - is used by some rush-hour Franklin Line trains to reduce load on the three-track Southwest Corridor and supplement the shuttle service. An MBTA study released in 2010 indicated that the most workable routing options for full-time service to Foxboro would involve extending some or all Fairmount Line trips to Foxboro over part of the Franklin Line.^[9]

Some Providence/Stoughton Line trips used the Dorchester Branch until around 2004, when they were rerouted to the mainline to avoid passing through CSX's Readville 1-Yard. During disruptions on the Northeast Corridor north of Readville, Franklin and Providence service is sometimes diverted over the Fairmount Line.^[10]

Improvement project

PARK interlocking, just north of Talbot Ave station, was added in 2007-2008

Map of the line showing the new stations

Talbot Ave was the first new station to open under the Fairmount line Improvements Project

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts agreed in 2005 to make improvements on the Fairmount Line part of its legally binding commitment to mitigate increased air pollution from the Big Dig. To comply with the State Implementation Plan filed with the federal Environmental Protection Agency, these improvements must be complete by December 31, 2011. As an interim deadline, the Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation was required to "complete final design, apply for all necessary permits and grants, file any required legislation, and initiate all public and private land acquisition" by December 1, 2009.^[11]

The existing Uphams Corner and Morton Street stations have been rebuilt, featuring high-level train platforms for easy boarding, canopies, access ramps, electronic message boards, and pedestrian-friendly walkways. At the completion of the project, all stations on the line will be compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act and be wheelchair-accessible.^[12] Four new stations have been or will be constructed at Four Corners, Talbot Avenue, Blue Hill Avenue, and Newmarket Square. Additionally, six bridges have been reconstructed, a new interlocking was added, and the signal system has been rebuilt.^[12]

The MBTA has allocated $37 million to the project and $39 million has been allocated from the Commonwealth from the Emergency Needs Bond Bill of 2007.^[11] The total cost of the project is estimated at $79.4 million.^[13]

The addition of new stations and the upgrades to the existing infrastructure are projected to divert 220 daily trips from automobiles to transit,^[14] and increase daily weekday ridership on the line from around 2,800 to 7,300 one-way trips.^[15]

The plan adopted by the MBTA is based on the Indigo Line plan advanced by community activists, which was intended to make the characteristics of the line more like rapid transit than commuter rail, with increased frequency and number of stops. However, in its initial proposal the MBTA did not plan to increase service frequency to match rapid transit lines, nor to install pre-pay fare systems. The Indigo Line plan also called for the use of diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars for faster acceleration and deceleration, which was considered by the MBTA but not implemented initially because of lack of funding. As of October 2014, the proposed state budget includes some funds to purchase DMU railcars and the state plans to issue a request for proposals in December to purchase 30 DMUs, with deliveries starting in 2018 and completed by 2020.^[2]

The first new station to be completed, Talbot Ave, opened on November 12, 2012.^[4] Newmarket and Four Corners/Geneva opened on July 1, 2013. Five new round trips were also added, and Fairmount station was changed to fare zone 1A (to reduce fares to the same as rapid transit) for two years as a pilot program.^[16] Ribbon-cutting ceremonies were held at Newmarket, Four Corners/Geneva Ave, and Talbot Ave on July 17, 2013.^[17]

The location and design of Blue Hill Avenue has been more controversial. A public meeting held in April 2014 showed mixed local opinions about the stations, with some nearby residents feeling that the stop was imposed on the neighborhood by the MBTA without sufficient public input.^[18] At a later meeting, the MBTA presented a plan under which construction would begin in September 2015 for a June 2017 opening.^[19] On October 16, 2014, the MBTA announced that construction of Blue Hill Avenue station will resume, with 100 percent design expected in spring 2015 and construction to start that November for a December 2017 opening. The MBTA also then announced that hourly weekend service would begin on November 29, 2014 - the first weekend service on the line since passenger service was reintroduced in 1979.^[2] As of October 2016, the station was in the bidding phase, with construction due to begin in 2017 for a 2019 opening;^[6] construction of the station began on June 3, 2017. To accommodate construction work at the station site, all weekend Fairmount Line trains in both directions were cut back to Morton Street, with bus shuttles between Morton Street, Fairmount, and Readville, and late-night outbound Fairmount Line service on weekdays was completely replaced with busses.^[20][21]

A pedestrian bridge was built between Ceylon and Bird Streets in the 1980s (during the initial restoration of the line) to prevent pedestrians from dangerously crossing the tracks. Although well-trafficked, the bridge deteriorated due to lack of maintenance and became unsafe; lighting was not replaced after persistent vandalism, and robberies were common. Residents field a petition with the MBTA in 2010, but no actions were taken until the MBTA closed the bridge outright in March 2014 due to its condition.^[22][23] As of April 2014 no plan is in place to repair or replace the bridge, which may be difficult and expensive as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requries handicapped-accessible ramps. The City of Boston and the MBTA each claim the other is responsible for maintaining and funding the bridge.^[24]

The line will be shut down on weekends in November and December 2017 for the installation of Positive Train Control equipment in order to meet a 2020 federal deadline.^[25]

Station listing

Four Corners/Geneva Ave station shortly after its opening in July 2013

Fairmount station was rebuilt in 2005

All current and future stations are in Boston, Massachusetts, though a short portion of the line south of River Street including the location of the former Glenwood station is in Milton. All stations on the line are handicapped accessible. Readville and Fairmount have short high-level platforms long enough for one pair of doors, while the remaining stations have full-length high-level platforms. (See MBTA accessibility).

Milepost[3][26]	Station	Opening date	Connections and notes
0.0	South Station	1899	Connections to Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited, Northeast Regional, and Acela Express; MBTA Commuter Rail Greenbush Line, Old Colony Lines, Providence/Stoughton Line, Needham Line, Franklin Line, and Framingham/Worcester Line; MBTA rapid transit Red Line and Silver Line
0.5	South Boston		Closed; formerly located at West 4th Street
1.1	South Bay Junction		never a station splits from Old Colony Lines (MBTA) before 1899, the line went northeast from here with a stop at South Boston and a terminal at the foot of Summer Street downtown
2.0	Newmarket	July 1, 2013
2.2	Cottage Street		Closed; separate from Uphams Corner station[8]
2.4	Uphams Corner	November 3, 1979	Formerly Dudley Street (pre-1944)
2.8	Bird Street		Closed
3.5	Four Corners/Geneva	July 1, 2013	Formerly Mount Bowdoin (pre-1944)
4.1	Harvard Street		Closed
4.5	Talbot Ave	November 12, 2012	First station to open under the Fairmount Line Improvements program
4.7	Dorchester		Closed; formerly located at Woodrow Avenue
5.3	Morton Street	November 3, 1979	Originally Forest Avenue (pre-1944)
6.0	Blue Hill Avenue	2019 (planned)[6]	Originally Mattapan (pre-1944) Under construction; planned to open in 2019
6.5	Rugby		Closed; formerly located at Greenfield Road
6.8	River Street		Closed
7.9	Fairmount	November 3, 1979	Sometimes (pre-1944) known as Hyde Park
8.3	Glenwood		Closed; formerly located at Glenwood Avenue. Sometimes known as Fairmount
9.2	Readville		splits with connections to the Franklin Line and the Providence/Stoughton Line

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to MBTA Fairmount Line.

• MBTA - Fairmount Line Schedule
• MBTA - Fairmount Line Improvements
• 2002 feasibility study
• 2004 needs assessment
• 2008 service enhancement study