Etzel Cardeña

Etzel Cardeña is the Thorsen Professor of Psychology at Lund University, Sweden where he is Director of the Centre for Research on Consciousness and Anomalous Psychology (CERCAP). He has served as President of the Society of Psychological Hypnosis (APA Division 30), and the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. He has expressed views in favour of open scientific enquiry and the validity of some paranormal phenomena. The Parapsychological Association honored Cardena with the 2013 Charles Honorton Integrative Contributions Award. Cardena has written more than 300 publications including the books Altering Consciousness (2 volumes) and Varieties of Anomalous Experience (two editions and also published in Portuguese).^[1]

History

Etzel Cardeña is the Thorsen Professor of Psychology (including parapsychology and hypnosis) at Lund University, Sweden where he is Director of the Centre for Research on Consciousness and Anomalous Psychology (CERCAP). A native of Mexico, Cardeña studied at the Universidad Iberoamericana in México and completed an MA in clinical psychology at York University in Toronto, Canada and an MA and PhD in Personality Psychology at the University of California, Davis. His doctoral thesis under the supervision of Charles Tart was on the phenomenology of deep states of hypnosis. He subsequently went on to do post-doctoral work in the area of dissociation and hypnosis at Stanford University under David Spiegel.^[2] Cardeña has held academic posts at Georgetown University, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) and the University of Texas–Pan American, among others. He has served as President of the Society of Psychological Hypnosis (APA Division 30), the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, and the Parapsychological Association for the year 2008-2009. He has expressed views in favour of the validity of some paranormal phenomena. In a series of interviews with Swedish Newspapers he has said that there is evidence for telepathy, psychokinesis and precognition and that he himself has had experiences that could be interpreted as supporting the psi hypothesis.^[3] The Parapsychological Association honored Cardena with the 2013 Charles Honorton Integrative Contributions Award. Cardena has written more than 300 publications. His edited book Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence published in 2000 and a second edition in 2014 is a scholarly volume on anomalous experiences. His two volumes Altering Consciousness discusses the importance of altered states across history, culture, and in many disciplines including philosophy, anthropology, psychology, biology, and various others.^[1]

In addition to his professional work in psychology Etzel Cardeña is the Artistic Director of the International Theatre of Malmö and has worked in theatre as a director, actor and playwright in Mexico, the USA and Sweden. He did graduate studies in theatre directing at the University of California, Davis, after having worked professionally in theatre in México and been offered scholarships from the Polish and Canadian governments to do graduate work in acting.

Science and parapsychology

According to Cardena, science relies on open discussion of all the evidence, is not dogmatic, and is subject to change:^[4]

• "Research on parapsychological phenomena (psi) is being carried out in various accredited universities and research centers throughout the world by academics in different disciplines trained in the scientific method (e.g., circa 80 Ph.D.s have been awarded in psi-related topics in the UK in recent years). More than 20 Nobel prizewinners and many other eminent scientists have supported the study of psi or even conducted research themselves."^[4]

  "Despite a negative attitude by some editors and reviewers, results supporting the validity of psi phenomena continue to be published in peer-reviewed, academic journals in relevant fields, from psychology to neuroscience to physics".^[4]

Publications

Scientific publications include more than 250 journal articles and book chapters in journals such as Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Archives of General Psychiatry, and Cortex, and the following books:

• Cardeña, E., Lynn, S. J., & Krippner, S. (Eds.). (2014). Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the scientific evidence. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Cardeña, E., & Winkelman, M. (2011). Altering consciousness. Multidisciplinary perspectives. Volume I. History, culture, and the humanities. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publishers.
• Cardeña, E., & Winkelman, M. (2011). Altering consciousness. Multidisciplinary perspectives. Volume II. Biological and psychological perspectives. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publishers.
• Cardeña, E., & Croyle, K. (Eds.) (2005). Acute reactions to trauma and psychotherapy: A multidisciplinary and international perspective. New York: Haworth Press. Also published as special issue of the Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 6(2).
• Cardeña, E., Lynn, S. J., & Krippner, S. (Eds.). (2000). Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the scientific evidence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Kirsch, I., Capafons, A., Cardeña, E., & Amigó, S. (Eds.) (1999). Clinical hypnosis and self-regulation therapy: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

References

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