Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone

Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone
Combination of
Ethinylestradiol Estrogen
Norethisterone Progestogen
Clinical data
Trade names Alyacen, Aranelle, Balziva, Brevicon, Brevinor, Briellyn, Cyclafem, Dasetta, Femcon, Gencept, Gildagia, Jenest, Kaitlib, Modicon, N.E.E., Norcept, Norethin, Norinyl, Norquest, Nortrel, Ortho-Novum, Ovcon, Philith, Pirmella, Tri-Norinyl, Vyfemla, Wera, others
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a601050
Pregnancy
category
  • US: X (Contraindicated)
Routes of
administration		 By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
  • None

Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone, also known as ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone, is a combination birth control pill made up of ethinylestradiol, an estrogen and norethisterone a progestin.[1] It is used for birth control, symptoms of menstruation, endometriosis, and menopausal symptoms.[1][2] Other uses include acne. It is taken by mouth.[1]

Side effects can include nausea, headache, blood clots, breast pain, depression, and liver problems. Use is not recommended during pregnancy, the initial three weeks after childbirth, and in those at high risk of blood clots.[2][3] It; however, may be started immediately after a miscarriage or abortion.[3] Smoking while using combined birth control pills is not recommended.[4] It works by stopping ovulation, making the uterus not suitable for implantation, and making the mucus at the opening to the cervix thick.[3]

This combination pill was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[7] In the United Kingdom three months of medication costs the NHS about 2.70 pounds.[8] In the United States it costs about 25 to 50 USD per month.[7] It is marketed under a large number of brand names.[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone (HRT) medical facts from Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  2. 1 2 WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. 365. ISBN 9789241547659. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Brevinor Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  4. ↑ "Estrogen-Progestin Combinations". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  5. ↑ Haussman, Melissa (2013). Reproductive Rights and the State: Getting the Birth Control, RU-486, Morning-after Pills and the Gardasil Vaccine to the U.S. Market. ABC-CLIO. p. 72. ISBN 9780313398223.
  6. ↑ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  7. 1 2 Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 353. ISBN 9781284057560.
  8. ↑ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 552. ISBN 9780857111562.
  9. ↑ "Alyacen 1/35 (birth control) medical facts from Drugs.com". www.drugs.com.


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