Esophageal gland

Esophageal glands

Layers of Esophageal Wall:
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Adventitia
5. Striated muscle
6. Striated and smooth
7. Smooth muscle
8. Lamina muscularis mucosae
9. Esophageal glands

Section of the human esophagus. Moderately magnified. The section is transverse and from near the middle of the gullet.
a. Fibrous covering.
b. Divided fibers of longitudinal muscular coat.
c. Transverse muscular fibers.
d. Submucous or areolar layer.
e. Muscularis mucosae.
f. Mucous membrane, with vessels and part of a lymphoid nodule.
g. Stratified epithelial lining.
h. Mucous gland.
i. Gland duct.
m’. Striated muscular fibers cut across.
Details
Identifiers
Latin glandulae oesophageae
Dorlands
/Elsevier		 g_06/12392509
TA A05.4.01.017
FMA 71619

Anatomical terminology

The esophageal glands are glands that are part of the digestive system of various animals, including humans.

In humans

Esophageal glands in humans are a part of a human digestive system. They are a small compound racemose exocrine glands of the mucous type.

There are two types:

Each opens upon the surface by a long excretory duct.

In monoplacophorans

Oesophageal gland is enlarged in large monoplacophoran species.[2]

In gastropods

Oesophageal gland or oesophageal pouch is a part of the digestive system of some gastropods. Oesophageal gland or pouch is a common feature in so-called basal gastropod clades, including Patelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Cocculiniformia, Neritimorpha and Neomphalina.[3]

The size of oesophageal gland of scaly-foot gastropod Chrysomallon squamiferum (family Peltospiridae within Neomphalina) is about two orders of magnitude over the usual size.[3] The scaly-foot gastropod houses endosymbiotic Bacteria in the oesophageal gland.[3] Chrysomallon squamiferum was thought to be the only species of Peltospiridae, that has enlarged oesophageal gland, but later it was shown that both species Gigantopelta has the oesophageal gland also enlarged.[4] In other peltospirids, the posterior portion of the oesophagus forms a pair of blind mid-oesophageal pouches or gutters extending only to the anterior end of the foot (Rhynchopelta, Peltospira, Nodopelta, Echinopelta, Pachydermia).[3] The same situation is in Melanodrymia within the family Melanodrymiidae.[3] Bathyphytophilidae and Lepetellidae are also known to have enlarged oesophageal pouches, however, though not to the extent of Chrysomallon.[3] Both are known to house endosymbiotic bacteria, in the case of bathyphytophilids most likely also in the oesophageal glands but in the lepetellids the endosymbionts are spread in the haemocoel.[3]

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) .
This article incorporates Creative Commons (CC-BY-4.0) text from the reference[3]

  1. 1 2 3 Nemeskeri, Agnes. Human Histology. Budapest: Apathy Istvan Foundation, Semmelweis University Budapest, Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology. p. 16.
  2. ↑ Chen, Chong; Uematsu, Katsuyuki; Linse, Katrin; Sigwart, Julia D. (2017). "By more ways than one: Rapid convergence at hydrothermal vents shown by 3D anatomical reconstruction of Gigantopelta (Mollusca: Neomphalina)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17: 62. ISSN 1471-2148. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0917-z.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Chen, C.; Copley, J.; Linse, K.; Rogers, A.; Sigwart, J. (2015). "The heart of a dragon: 3D anatomical reconstruction of the 'scaly-foot gastropod' (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neomphalina) reveals its extraordinary circulatory system". Frontiers in Zoology. 12: 13. doi:10.1186/s12983-015-0105-1.
  4. ↑ Chen C., Linse K., Roterman C. N., Copley J. T. & Rogers A. D. (2015). "A new genus of large hydrothermal vent‐endemic gastropod (Neomphalina: Peltospiridae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175(2), 319-335. doi:10.1111/zoj.12279.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.