Eskişehir

Eskişehir
Metropolitan municipality

Eskişehir

Location of Eskişehir

Coordinates: 39°47′N 30°31′E / 39.783°N 30.517°E / 39.783; 30.517
Country Turkey
Region Central Anatolia
Province Eskişehir
Government
 • Metropolitan Mayor Yılmaz Büyükerşen (CHP)
 • Governor Azmi Çelik
Area
 • Metropolitan municipality 2,678.00 km2 (1,033.98 sq mi)
Elevation 788 m (2,585 ft)
Population (2016)[1]
 • Metropolitan municipality 844,842
 • Density 236/km2 (610/sq mi)
 • Metro 734,807
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code 26 xxx
Area code(s) (+90) 222
Registration plate 26
Website http://www.eskisehir-bld.gov.tr/
Estram, the city's tram service.

Eskişehir (pronounced [esˈciʃehiɾ]) (Turkish: eski "old", şehir "city",[2] in Greek: Dorylaeon, Δορύλαιον) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 717,135 with a metropolitan population of 826,135.[1] The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby hills one can find hot springs. The city is 233 km (145 mi) to the west of Ankara, 330 km (205 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul and 78 km (48 mi) to the northeast of Kütahya. Known as a university town, both Eskişehir Osmangazi University and Anadolu University (which has one of the largest student enrollments in the world) are based in Eskişehir. The province covers an area of 2,678 km2 (1,034 sq mi).[3]

History

The name Eskişehir literally means "Old City" in Turkish; indeed, the city was founded by the Phrygians in at least 1000 BC, although it has been estimated to be older than 4000 years old. Many Phrygian artifacts and sculptures can still be found in the city's archeological museum. There is also a museum of meerschaum stone, whose production remains still notable, used to make high quality meerschaum pipes. In the fourth century AD the city moved about ten km northeast, from Karacahisar to Şehirhöyük.

Many ancient geographers described the city as one of the most beautiful in Anatolia.

As with many towns in Anatolia, Christianity arrived after Constantine the Great made it the official religion of the Roman Empire. Beginning in the 4th century, records exist of bishops holding office in Eskişehir. The city was known as Dorylaeum (Δορύλαιον) in Greek in that period. One of these bishops, Eusebius, was heavily involved in shaping the evolving dogma of the church.

It was called Sultanönü during Sejuk period.[4]

Economy

Traditionally dependent on flour milling and brickyards, the city expanded with the building of railway workshops in 1894 for work on the Berlin-Baghdad Railway.

As of 1920, Eskişehir was one of the major locations for meerschaum mining. At that time, most of the mining sites were owned by the state.[5]

Devrim, the first Turkish automobile, was produced in 1961 at the TÜLOMSAŞ factory in Eskişehir. Devrim never put into mass production and stayed a concept study and can be viewed in TÜLOMSAŞ factory Eskişehir. In addition to production, first Turkish steam powered locomotive called Karakurt was produced at the TÜLOMSAŞ in 1961. Eskişehir was also the site of Turkey's first aviation industry (Aeronautical Supply Maintenance Centre) and its air base was the command center of Turkey's first Tactical Air Force headquarters on NATO's southern flank during the Cold War.

Eskişehir produces trucks, home appliances, railway locomotives, fighter aircraft engines, agricultural equipment, textiles, brick, cement, chemicals, processed meerschaum and refined sugar. Eti, one of Turkey's largest food brands (mostly producing biscuit, chocolate and candy varieties) is based in Eskişehir. Arçelik, a major Turkish home appliances and consumer electronics manufacturer, has one of its production plants in Eskişehir. Eskişehir was the first stage of High-speed rail in Turkey from Ankara. This service improved the travel and commerce between Eskişehir and Ankara, thanks to reduced journey time.

The city is served by the Anadolu Airport.

Education

Library of the Anadolu University

There are two universities in Eskişehir. These are the Anadolu University and Eskişehir Osmangazi University. The current Metropolitan Mayor of Eskişehir, Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Büyükerşen, was formerly the rector of the Anadolu University.

Culture

The city has a significant population of Turkic Crimean Tatars. It also attracted ethnic Turks emigrating from Balkan countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Bosnia, and the Sandžak region of Serbia, who contributed to the development of the city's metalworking industries. Eskişehir also hosted the inaugural Turkvision Song Contest in 2013, which aims to highlight music and artists from various regions of Turkey. The city is also home to the Dünya Müzeleri Müzesi or Museum of World Museums.

Other museums in the city are Eti Archaeology Museum, Aviation Museum, Meerschaum Museum, Museum of Independence, Museum of Modern Glass Art, Tayfun Talipoğlu Typewriter Museum and Yılmaz Büyükerşen Wax Museum.

Attractions

Most of modern-day Eskişehir was rebuilt after the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922), but a number of historic buildings remain, such as the Kurşunlu Mosque. The archaeological site of the ancient Phrygian city of Dorylaeum is close to Eskişehir. The city is noted for its natural hot sulphur springs.

Climate

Eskişehir has a humid continental climate with a warm summer subtype (Dsb) under the Köppen climate classification,[6] with cold, snowy winters and warm, dry summers. Due to the low annual precipitation, the climate is near the borderline of a cold semi-arid climate (BSk). Rainfall occurs mostly during the spring and autumn. Due to Eskişehir's high altitude and its dry summers, nightly temperatures in the summer months are cool. Precipitation levels are low, but precipitation can be observed throughout the year.

Climate data for Eskişehir (1960-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.2
(68.4)		 22.3
(72.1)		 29.1
(84.4)		 31.2
(88.2)		 33.9
(93)		 36.8
(98.2)		 40.6
(105.1)		 39.0
(102.2)		 36.4
(97.5)		 33.0
(91.4)		 25.4
(77.7)		 21.4
(70.5)		 40.6
(105.1)
Average high °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2)		 6.4
(43.5)		 11.4
(52.5)		 17.0
(62.6)		 21.9
(71.4)		 25.9
(78.6)		 29.1
(84.4)		 29.3
(84.7)		 25.4
(77.7)		 19.4
(66.9)		 12.5
(54.5)		 6.1
(43)		 17.37
(63.25)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.0
(32)		 1.5
(34.7)		 5.2
(41.4)		 10.3
(50.5)		 15.1
(59.2)		 19.1
(66.4)		 21.8
(71.2)		 21.6
(70.9)		 17.3
(63.1)		 11.9
(53.4)		 6.3
(43.3)		 2.1
(35.8)		 11.02
(51.83)
Average low °C (°F) −3.5
(25.7)		 −2.8
(27)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 3.8
(38.8)		 7.9
(46.2)		 11.4
(52.5)		 14.0
(57.2)		 13.7
(56.7)		 9.6
(49.3)		 5.4
(41.7)		 1.1
(34)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 4.92
(40.86)
Record low °C (°F) −27.8
(−18)		 −23.8
(−10.8)		 −16.5
(2.3)		 −10.4
(13.3)		 −2.2
(28)		 0.5
(32.9)		 5.0
(41)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 −7.1
(19.2)		 −14.7
(5.5)		 −20.3
(−4.5)		 −27.8
(−18)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 40.6
(1.598)		 32.6
(1.283)		 37.8
(1.488)		 40.6
(1.598)		 43.0
(1.693)		 32.8
(1.291)		 13.0
(0.512)		 9.2
(0.362)		 15.1
(0.594)		 29.8
(1.173)		 30.0
(1.181)		 45.5
(1.791)		 370
(14.564)
Average rainy days 13.8 11.7 12.0 11.0 10.7 7.4 3.5 2.8 4.1 7.7 9.5 13.2 107.4
Average snowy days 10 9 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 34
Mean monthly sunshine hours 77.5 140.6 158.1 183 260.4 309 353.4 331.7 267 186 123 65.1 2,454.8
Source #1: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [7]
Source #2: Weather2 [8]

Sports

Club Sport Established League Venue
Eskişehirspor Football (European), Soccer (American) 1965 TFF First League Eskişehir Atatürk Stadium
Eskişehir Basket Basketball ? Turkish Basketball League 2 Anadolu University Sports Hall

Notable natives

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Eskişehir is twinned with:

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 "Turkey: Major cities and provinces". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2015-02-08.
  2. ↑ Lewis Thomas (Apr 1, 1986). Elementary Turkish. Courier Dover Publications. p. 12. ISBN 978-0486250649.
  3. ↑ Statoids. "Statistical information on districts and town centers in Turkey". Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  4. ↑ Türkiye İller Ansiklopedisi 1.Cilt s.409
  5. ↑ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 105.
  6. ↑ Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
  7. ↑ "İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler- Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü". Dmi.gov.tr. 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
  8. ↑ "July Climate History for Eskisehir | Local | Turkey". Myweather2.com. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
  9. ↑ "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
  10. ↑ Vesti.az (in Azerbaijani)

References


 
Largest cities or towns in Turkey
TÜİK's address-based calculation from December, 2013.[1]
Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop.

Istanbul

Ankara		 1 Istanbul Istanbul 13,820,334 11 Kayseri Kayseri 880,255
İzmir

Bursa
2 Ankara Ankara 4,474,305 12 Eskişehir Eskişehir 670,544
3 İzmir İzmir 2,828,927 13 Gebze Kocaeli 582,352
4 Bursa Bursa 1,769,752 14 Şanlıurfa Şanlıurfa 551,511
5 Adana Adana 1,645,965 15 Denizli Denizli 540,000
6 Gaziantep Gaziantep 1,465,019 16 Samsun Samsun 523,192
7 Konya Konya 1,138,609 17 Kahramanmaraş Kahramanmaraş 458,628
8 Antalya Antalya 1,027,551 18 Adapazarı Sakarya 449,290
9 Diyarbakır Diyarbakır 906,013 19 Malatya Malatya 425,000
10 Mersin Mersin 898,813 20 Erzurum Erzurum 381,104

Coordinates: 39°46′36″N 30°31′14″E / 39.77667°N 30.52056°E / 39.77667; 30.52056

  1. ↑ "December 2013 address-based calculation of the Turkish Statistical Institute as presented by citypopulation.de".
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