Eruvin (Talmud)
Eruvin (Hebrew: ערובין) is the second tractate in the Order of Moed, dealing with the various types of eruvs.
Structure
The tractace consists of ten chapters. Its Babylonian Talmud version is of 104 pages and its Jerusalem Talmud version is of 65 pages.
Chapters and number of Mishnas in each:
- מָבוֹי - 10.(mavoi)
- עוֹשִׂין פַּסִּין - 6.(osin pasin)
- בַּכֹּל מְעָרְבִין - 9.(bacol me'arvin)
- מִי שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּהוּ -11.(mi shehotsi'uhu)
- כֵּיצַד מְעַבְּרִין - 9.(ketsad me'abrin)
- הַדָּר -10.(hadar)
- חָלוֹן - 11.(halon)
- כֵּיצַד מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין - 11.(ketsad mishtatfin)
- כָּל גָּגּוֹת - 4.(kol gagot)
- הַמּוֹצֵא תְּפִילִּין - 15.(hamotse tefilin)
Main subjects
Eruv Chatzeirot
An eruv ([ʔeˈʁuv]; Hebrew: עירוב, "mixture"), also transliterated as eiruv or erub, plural: eruvin [ʔeʁuˈvin]) is a ritual enclosure that permits Jewish residents or visitors to carry certain objects outside their own homes on Sabbath and Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement). An eruv accomplishes this by integrating a number of private and public properties into one larger private domain, thereby countermanding restrictions on carrying objects from the private to the public domain on Sabbath and holidays.
The eruv allows these religious Jews to, among other things, carry house keys, tissues, medicines, or babies with them, and use strollers and canes. The presence or absence of an eruv thus especially affects the lives of people with limited mobility and those responsible for taking care of babies and young children.
Eruv techumin
An eruv techumin (Hebrew: עירוב תחומין "mixed borders") for traveling enables a traditionally observant Jew to travel on Shabbat or a Jewish holiday. The Jew prepares food prior to Shabbat, or prior to any holiday on which they plan to travel farther than is normally allowed on such days. Orthodox Judaism prohibits motorized transportation, although the presence of an eruv for carrying permits certain types of non-motorized transport, such as strollers and wheelchairs.
Eruv tavshilin
An eruv tavshilin (Hebrew: עירוב תבשילין "mixed cooked food items") is made in the home on the eve of a holiday with a work proscription that directly precedes the Sabbath. It is made by taking a cooked item and a baked item, and placing them together. It is common to use a piece of cooked egg, fish, or meat as the cooked item and a piece of bread or matzah as the baked item. It is needed because while it is allowed to cook and transfer fire on holidays (unlike the Sabbath and Yom Kippur, when these activities are forbidden), these activities are allowed to be done for use on only the holiday, and not for the next day. The eruv tavshilin makes it possible to begin preparing for the Sabbath before the holiday, and continue doing so. The foods of the eruv tavshilin are traditionally eaten on the Sabbath day following the holiday.
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