Eriophyes tiliae
| Eriophyes tiliae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Mature nail galls on a lime leaf | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Subclass: | Acari |
| Order: | Prostigmata |
| Family: | Eriophyidae |
| Genus: | Eriophyes |
| Species: | E. tiliae |
| Binomial name | |
| Eriophyes tiliae Pagenstecher, 1857[1] | |
Eriophyes tiliae is a mite (an acarid, not an insect) that forms the lime nail gall or bugle gall.[2] It develops in a chemically induced gall; an erect, oblique or curved distortion rising up from the upper surface of the leaves of the common lime (linden) tree Tilia × europaea.
Description
During late spring and summer, tubular growths up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long develop on the upper surface of lime tree leaves. These galls are yellow-green or red in color, may be very numerous, and predominantly occur on the lower leaves in some sub-species.
The galls appear not to affect the health of the lime trees, and no way of controlling or preventing them exists.[3]
Taxonomy
Several sub-species have been identified, partly identified by their positioning on the leaves in relation to the veins and other structures.[2][4]
Life cycle
The mites move onto the foliage in the spring, having overwintered in the bark crevices or around buds. These gall inducers are less than 0.2 mm long, however the chemicals they release while sucking the sap from the lower leaf epidermis have a dramatic, consistent and colourful effect, causing upward growing, hollow, yellow, red or pink, finger-like extensions. Before the autumn, the mites, which up to now have been actively feeding and growing inside the galls, depart from these shelters and seek protected sites elsewhere on the lime tree. The mites will pass the winter in such locations and then the cycle will be repeated. This species is one amongst a number of gall-formers which can be superficially similar in appearance; however E. tilae tilae is restricted to lime trees.[2][4]
See also
References
- ↑ "Eriophyes tiliae". Wild About Denmark. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
- 1 2 3 Arnold Darlington (1975). The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in Colour. Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press. pp. 121, 159. ISBN 0-7137-0748-8.
- ↑ "Nail Gall". Gardeners World. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
- 1 2 F. B. Stubbs, ed. (1986). Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls. British Plant Gall Society. pp. 50–53. ISBN 0-9511582-0-1.