Pleurotus eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii
Pleurotus eryngii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Pleurotaceae
Genus: Pleurotus
Species: P. eryngii
Binomial name
Pleurotus eryngii
(DC.) Quél. 1872
Pleurotus eryngii
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list

Mycological characteristics

gills on hymenium

cap is depressed

or offset
hymenium is decurrent
stipe is bare
spore print is white
ecology is saprotrophic
edibility: choice

Pleurotus eryngii (also known as King Trumpet Mushroom, French Horn Mushroom, King Oyster mushroom, King Brown Mushroom, Boletus Of The Steppes,[Note 1] Trumpet Royale, Ali'i Oyster) is an edible mushroom native to Mediterranean regions of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, but also grown in many parts of Asia.[1]

Description

P. eryngii is the largest species in the oyster mushroom genus, Pleurotus, which also contains the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. It has a thick, meaty white stem and a small tan cap (in young specimens). Its natural range extends from the Atlantic Ocean through the Mediterranean Basin and Central Europe into Western Asia and India.[2] Unlike other species of Pleurotus, which are wood-decay fungi, the P. eryngii complex are weak parasites on the roots of herbaceous plants, although they may also be cultured on organic wastes.[2][3]

Taxonomy

Its species name is derived from the fact that it grows in association with the roots of Eryngium campestre or other Eryngium plants (English names: 'Sea Holly' or 'Eryngo'). P. eryngii is a species complex, and a number of varieties have been described, with differing plant associates in the carrot family (Apiaceae).

Other specimens of P. eryngii have been reported in association with plants in the genera Ferulago, Cachrys, Laserpitium, and Diplotaenia.[2]

Molecular studies have shown Pleurotus nebrodensis to be closely related to, but distinct from, P. eryngii.[2] Pleurotus fossulatus may be another closely related species.[2]

Uses

The mushroom has a good shelf life. An effective cultivation method was introduced to Japan around 1993. The mushroom has become popular there in a variety of dishes,[8] and is now also cultivated and sold commercially in Australia. Imported product is also commercially available in Australia and South Africa. It is also cultivated in United Kingdom, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Italy, and the United States.[3] It has little flavor or aroma when raw. When cooked, it develops typical mushroom umami flavors with a texture similar to that of abalone.

Pleurotus eryngii may contain chemicals that stimulate the immune system.[9] Dietary intake of Pleurotus eryngii may function as cholesterol lowering dietary agent.[10]

Like some other Pleurotus species, P. eryngii attacks nematodes and may provide a control method for these parasites when they infect cats and dogs.[11]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The name "boletus of the steppes" is misleading as Pleurotus eryngii is a gilled mushroom in order Agaricales and Boletus is a genus of mushrooms with pores rather than gills in order Boletales.

References

  1. ↑ Archived May 18, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Zervakis, Georgios I.; Venturella, Giuseppe; Papadopoulou, Kalliopi (2001). "Genetic polymorphism and taxonomic infrastructure of the Pleurotus eryngii species-complex as determined by RAPD analysis, isozyme profiles and ecomorphological characters". Microbiology. 147 (11): 3183–3194. PMID 11700370. doi:10.1099/00221287-147-11-3183.
  3. 1 2 Alma E. Rodriguez Estrada & Daniel J. Royse (February 2008). "Pleurotus eryngii and P. nebrodensis: from the wild to commercial production". Mushroom News.
  4. 1 2 Lewinsohn, D.; Wasser, S. P.; Reshetnikov, S. V.; Hadar, Y.; Nevo, E. (2002). "The Pleurotus eryngii species-complex in Israel: Distribution and morphological description of a New Taxon". Mycotaxon. 81: 51–67.
  5. ↑ Venturella, G.; Zervakis, G.; La Rocca, S. (2000). "Pleurotus eryngii var. elaeoselini var. nov. from Sicily". Mycotaxon. 76: 419–427.
  6. ↑ Alma E. Rodriguez Estrada; Maria del Mar Jimenez-Gasco & Daniel J. Royse (May–June 2010). "Pleurotus eryngii species complex: Sequence analysis and phylogeny based on partial EF1α and RPB2 genes". Fungal Biology. 114 (5–6): 421–428. PMID 20943152. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.03.003.
  7. ↑ Venturella, G.; G. Zervakis & A. Saitta (2002). "Pleurotus eryngii var. thapsiae var. nov. from Sicily". Mycotaxon. 81: 69–74.
  8. ↑ Archived December 15, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ↑ Nozaki H, Itonori S, Sugita M, Nakamura K, Ohba K, Suzuki A, Kushi Y (Aug 2008), "Mushroom acidic glycosphingolipid induction of cytokine secretion from murine T cells and proliferation of NK1.1 alpha/beta TCR-double positive cells in vitro", Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 373 (3): 435–9, PMID 18577373, doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.047
  10. ↑ Alam, Nuhu; Yoon, Ki Nam; Lee, Jae Seong; Cho, Hae Jin; Shim, Mi Ja; Lee, Tae Soo (Oct 2011). "Dietary effect of Pleurotus eryngii on biochemical function and histology in hypercholesterolemic rats". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 18 (4): 403–409. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 3730794 Freely accessible. PMID 23961153. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.07.001.
  11. ↑ Garcia Lopes CG (June 2015). "Predatory Activity of the Fungus Pleurotus eryngii on Ancylostoma caninum Infective Larvae" (PDF). SOJ Veterinary Sciences.
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