Equilenin

Equilenin
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.483
Chemical and physical data
Formula C18H18O2
Molar mass 266.339 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Equilenin, also known as 6,8-didehydroestrone, as well as estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaen-3-ol-17-one, is an estrogenic steroid hormone obtained from the urine of pregnant mares.[1][2] It is used as one of the components in Premarin.[2] It was the first complex natural product to be fully synthesized, in work reported by 1940 by Bachmann and Wilds.[3]

Total synthesis

The synthesis developed by the Bachmann group started from Butenand's ketone[4] – the 7-methoxy structural analog of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthren-1-one[5] – and which can be readily prepared from 1,6-Cleve's acid.[6] The approach was based on well-established transformations like the Claisen condensation, the Reformatsky reaction, the Arndt–Eistert reaction, and the Dieckmann condensation.[3] Nicolaou described this preparation as ending the era preceding the post-World War II work of Robert Burns Woodward that introduced enantioselective synthesis;[4] in this synthesis, a mixture of stereoisomers were prepared and then resolved,[6] and the choice of target was partly because of the existence of only two chiral carbons and hence only four stereoisomers.[5]

The overall yield of the synthesis was 2.7% based on a twenty-step process starting from Cleve's acid.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ J. Elks (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 494–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
  2. 1 2 Marc A. Fritz; Leon Speroff (28 March 2012). Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 751–. ISBN 978-1-4511-4847-3.
  3. 1 2 Bachmann, Werner E.; Cole, Wayne; Wilds, Alfred L. (1940). "The Total Synthesis of the Sex Hormone Equilenin and Its Stereoisomers". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62 (4): 824–839. doi:10.1021/ja01861a036.
  4. 1 2 Nicolaou, Kyriacos C.; Vourloumis, Dionisios; Winssinger, Nicolas; Baran, Phil S. (2000). "The Art and Science of Total Synthesis at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century" (PDF). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39 (1): 44–122. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(20000103)39:1<44::AID-ANIE44>3.0.CO;2-L.
  5. 1 2 Bachmann, Werner E.; Cole, Wayne; Wilds, Alfred L. (1939). "The Total Synthesis of the Sex Hormone Equilenin". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (4): 974–975. doi:10.1021/ja01873a513.
  6. 1 2 3 Nakanishi, Koji (1974). "Steroids". In Nakanishi, Koji; Goto, Toshio; Itô, Shô; Natori, Shinsaku; Nozoe, Shigeo. Natural Products Chemistry. 1. Academic Press. pp. 421–545.
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