Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci
| Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci Архиепископија београдско-карловачка | |
|---|---|
 Cathedral of Saint Sava, Belgrade, the largest Orthodox church in the Balkans | |
| Location | |
| Territory | Belgrade |
| Headquarters | Belgrade, Serbia |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Eastern Orthodox |
| Sui iuris church | Serbian Orthodox Church |
| Established | 1931 |
| Language |
Church Slavonic Serbian |
| Current leadership | |
| Bishop | Serbian Patriarch Irinej |
| Map | |
-en.svg.png) | |
Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci (Serbian Cyrillic: Архиепископија београдско-карловачка) is the central or patriarchal eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church, with seat in Belgrade, Serbia.[1] The head of the eparchy is the Serbian Patriarch.
History
History of the eparchy, since 1920
In 1920, after the unification of all Serbian ecclesiastical provinces into one united Serbian Orthodox Church, old Eparchy of Syrmia with its seat in Sremski Karlovci came under direct administration of Archbishop of Belgrade who was also the Serbian Patriarch. Formal unification of two eparchies was completed in 1931 when Archbishopric of Belgrade was joined with the Eparchy of Syrmia into the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci. In that time, the city of Pančevo was transferred from Eparchy of Vršac to the Archeparchy of Belgrade and Karlovci. In 1947, Eparchy of Syrmia and Eparchy of Šumadija were excluded from the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci and were transformed into separate organizational units. The city of Pančevo was returned to the Eparchy of Banat. Although, the name of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci includes the name of the town of Karlovci (Sremski Karlovci), this town is today part of the Eparchy of Syrmia and not of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci.
Historical background, before 1920
Eparchy of Belgrade is one of the oldest ecclesiastical institutions in this part of Europe. Ancient Bishopric of Singidunum was an important ecclesiastical center of the late Roman Empire during 4th and 5th century. Its bishops Ursacius and Secundianus were actively involved in religious controversies over Arianism.[2] That ancient bishopric finally collapsed after 584 when ancient Singidunum was finally destroyed by Avars.
After the Christianization of Slavs, eparchy was renewed as late as 9th century. First medieval Bishop of Belgrade who is known by name was Sergije in 878.[3] Since 1018 it belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Archbishopric of Ohrid.[4] At the end of the 13th century, Belgrade became the capital city of Serbian king Stefan Dragutin and Eparchy of Belgrad came under jurisdiction of Serbian Orthodox Church. At the beginning of the 15th century, during the rule of Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević,[5] metropolitans of Belgrade were among most influential hierarchs of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć. Belgrade fell under Turkish rule in 1521, but Serbian Patriarchate was renewed in 1557 with its seat in Peć. During 16th and 17th centuries, Serbian bishops of Belgrade were styled as "Metropolitans of Belgrade and Srem".
At the end of the 17th century, regions of Belgrade and Srem were separated. In 1708, when autonomous Serbian Metropolitanate in Habsburg Monarchy was created, Eparchy of Srem became archdiocese of the Metropolitan, whose seat was in Sremski Karlovci. Eparchy of Srem remained part of Metropolitanate of Karlovci until 1920. On the other hand, after the abolition of Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in 1766, Eparchy of Belgrade came inder direct jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
In 1831, Orthodox Church in Principality of Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, and Belgrade became the seat of the Archbishop who was now Metropolitan of Serbia. In that time, territory of the archeparchy was very large and included regions of present-day eparchies of Šumadija and Braničevo.
In 1920, Metropolitanate of Serbia merged with other Serbian ecclesiastical provinces to form united Serbian Orthodox Church. In the same year, region of Braničevo was separated from the archeparchy and old Eparchy of Braničevo was restored. In 1947, region of Šumadija was also separated from the archeparchy and new Eparchy of Šumadija was created. Since then, the archbishopric was reduced to the inner limits of the City of Belgrade.
Monasteries
There are 12 monasteries within the Archbishopric.
Heads
During the long history of the ecclesiastical seat of Belgrade, many bishops, metropolitans, archbishops and finally patriarchs were seated on the throne of this eparchy.
Bishops and metropolitans of Belgrade, until 1766
| Name | Tenure | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sergije [3] | (around 878) | Bishop of Belgrade |
| Jovan [6] | (around 1317) | Bishop of Mačva and Belgrade |
| Isidor [7] | (around 1415-1423) | during the reign of Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević |
| Grigorije [8] | (around 1438-1440) | during the reign of Serbian despot Đurađ Branković |
| Joanikije [9] | (around 1479) | received royal charter from king Matthias Corvinus of Hungary |
| Filotej [10] | (since 1481) | during the time of titular Serbian despot Vuk Grgurević |
| Teofan [11] | (around 1509) | he established ties with Russia |
| Saint Maksim Branković [12] | (died 1516) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Roman [13] | (around 1532) | under Archbishopric of Ohrid |
| Longin [14] | (around 1545-1548) | under Archbishopric of Ohrid |
| Makarije [15] | (around 1589) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Joakim [16] | (around 1607-1611) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Avesalom [17] | (around 1631-1632) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Ilarion [18] | (around 1644-1662) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Jefrem [19] | (around 1662-1672) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Elevterije [20] | (around 1673-1678) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Pajsije [21] | (around 1680-1681) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Simeon Ljubibratić [22] | (1682—1690) | migrated to Hungary in 1690, with Serbian patriarch Arsenije III Crnojević |
| Mihailo [23] | (око 1699—1705) | instaled by new Serbian patriarch Kalinik I |
| Mojsije Petrović [24] | (1713—1730) | since 1718. under Habsburg rule, and since 1726. also Metropolitan of Karlovci |
| Vikentije Jovanović [25] | (1731—1737) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci |
| Sofronije [26] | (around 1740—1745) | erhnic Greek, Metropolitan of Belgrade |
| Vikentije Stefanović [27] | (around 1753) | ethnic Serb, Metropolitan of Belgrade, later became Serbian Patriarch |
| Kalinik [28] | (around 1759—1761) | ethnic Greek, Metropolitan of Belgrade |
Under direct jurisdiction of Constantinople (1766–1831)
| No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Title | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremija Јеремија Jeremiah |
 |
1766 | 1784 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | ||
| 2 | Dionisije I Дионисије I Dionysius I |
|
1785 | 1791 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | ||
| 3 | Metodije Методије Methodius |
|
1791 | 1801 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | ||
| 4 | Leontije Леонтије Leontius |
|
Leontije Lambrović Леонтије Ламбровић |
1801 | 1813 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | |
| 5 | Dionisije II Дионисије II Dionysius II |
|
Dimitrije Димитрије |
1813 | 1815 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | |
| 6 | Agatangel Агатангел Agathangelos |
 |
1815 | 1825 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | ||
| 7 | Kiril Кирил Cyril |
|
1825 | 1827 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | ||
| 8 | Antim Антим Anthimos |
|
1827 | 1831 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek |
Autonomous (1831-1879) and Autocephalous (1879-1920)
| No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Melentije Мелентије Melenthius |
|
Melentije Pavlović Мелентије Павловић |
1831 | 1833 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | Ethnic Serb |
| 2 | Petar Петар Peter |
|
Pavle Jovanović Павле Јовановић |
1833 | 1859 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | |
| 3 | Mihailo Михаило Michael |
 |
Miloje Jovanović Милоје Јовановић |
1859 | 1881 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | First tenure |
| 4 | Teodosije Теодосије Theodosius |
 |
Teodor Mraović Теодор Мраовић |
1883 | 1889 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | |
| -- | Mihailo Михаило Michael |
|
Miloje Jovanović Милоје Јовановић |
1889 | 1898 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | Second tenure |
| 5 | Inokentije Инокентије Innocentius |
 |
Jakov Pavlović Јаков Павловић |
1898 | 1905 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | |
| 6 | Dimitrije Димитрије Dimitrius |
.jpg) |
Dimitrije Pavlović Димитрије Павловић |
1905 | 1920 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (1920–1930) |
Metropolitans of Belgrade and Karlovci (1920–present)
| Serbian Patriarchs, Heads of the Holy Patriarchal See of Belgrade (1920–present) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regnal title: Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch[B] | |||||||
| No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes |
| 1 | Dimitrije [I] Димитрије (I) Dimitrius (I) |
|
Dimitrije Pavlović Димитрије Павловић |
12 September 1920 | 6 April 1930 | Požarevac, Principality of Serbia | First Patriarch of the reunified Serbian church |
| 2 | Varnava [I] Варнава (I) Barnabas (I) |
 |
Petar Rosić Петар Росић |
12 May 1930 | 23 July 1937 | Pljevlja, Ottoman Empire | Some believe he may have been poisoned |
| 3 | Gavrilo [V] Гaврилo (V) Gabriel (V) |
.jpg) |
Gavrilo Dožić Гaврилo Дoжић |
21 February 1938 | 7 May 1950 | Vrujci, Principality of Montenegro | Known unofficially as Gavrilo V Dožić-Medenica |
| 4 | Vikentije [II] Викентије (II) Vicentius (II) |
|
Vitomir Prodanov Витомир Проданов |
1 July 1950 | 5 July 1958 | Bačko Petrovo Selo, Austria-Hungary | Not known as Vikentije II but entered just as Vikentije. Some believe he may have been second poisoned Patriarch |
| 5 | German [II] Герман (II) Herman (II) |
 |
Hranislav Đorić Хранислав Ђорић |
14 September 1958 | 30 November 1990 | Jošanička Banja, Kingdom of Serbia | Longest reigning Patriarch and only retired Patriarch during his life |
| 6 | Pavle [II] Павле (II) Paul (II) |
 |
Gojko Stojčević Гојко Стојчевић |
1 December 1990 | 15 November 2009 | Kućanci, Austria-Hungary | Not known as Pavle II but entered just as Pavle |
| 7 | Irinej [I] Иринеј (I) Irenaeus (I) |
 |
Miroslav Gavrilović Мирослав Гавриловић |
23 January 2010 | Present | Vidova, Kingdom of Yugoslavia | |
See also
- Serbian Orthodox Church
- List of the Eparchies of the Serbian Orthodox Church
- Religion in Serbia
- Orthodoxy in Serbia
References
- ↑ History of the Archbishopric (in Serbian) Archived February 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Калић 1967, pp. 18-20.
- 1 2 Калић 1967, pp. 27, 30.
- ↑ Bulić 2013, p. 221-222.
- ↑ Engel 2001, pp. 232-233.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 239.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 208-209.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 139.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 232.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 497.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 490.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 299-300.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 417.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 286.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 297.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 228.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 7.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 194.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 222.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 184.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 391.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 451.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 327.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 333-337.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 70-73.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 462.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 73.
- ↑ Вуковић 1996, p. 273.
Literature
- Ивић, Алекса (1929). Историја Срба у Војводини. Матица Српска.
- Радослав Грујић, Духовни живот, у : Војводина (зборник радова), књ. 1, Нови Сад (1939). стр. 330-414.
- Поповић, Душан Ј. (1957). Срби у Војводини. књ. 1: Од најстаријих времена до Карловачког мира, 1699. Матица српска.
- Поповић, Душан Ј. (1964). Београд криз векове. Туристичка штампа.
- Калић, Јованка (1967). Београд у средњем веку. Српска књижевна задруга.
- Vlasto, Alexis P. (1970). The entry of the Slavs into Christendom. Cambridge University Press.
- Вуковић, Сава (1996). Српски јерарси од деветог до двадесетог века (Serbian Hierarchs from the 9th to the 20th Century). Евро, Унирекс, Каленић.
- Curta, Florin (2001). The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Țeicu, Dumitru (2002). Mountainous Banat in the Middle Ages. University Press Cluj. ISBN 973-610-141-X.
- Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
- Engel, Pál (2005). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B.Tauris Publishers.
- Точанац, Исидора (2008). Српски народно-црквени сабори (1718-1735). Историјски институт САНУ.
- Bulić, Dejan (2013). "The Fortifications of the Late Antiquity and the Early Byzantine Period on the Later Territory of the South-Slavic Principalities, and their re-occupation". The World of the Slavs: Studies of the East, West and South Slavs: Civitas, Oppidas, Villas and Archeological Evidence (7th to 11th Centuries AD). Istorijski institut SANU. pp. 137–234.