Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.
Upper teeth
| Name | Nomenclature term is used in | Definition | Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterolingual conule | Reig (1977)[1] | A conule on the lingual side of an anterocone divided by an anteromedian flexus or fossette | ||
| Anteromedian flexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A longitudinal flexus dividing the anterocone into anterolabial and anterolingual conules | ||
| Anterolabial conule | Reig (1977)[1] | A conule on the labial side of an anterocone divided by an anteromedian flexus or fossette | ||
| Anterocone | Reig (1977)[1] | A cusp at the front of the tooth that may be divided into anterolabial and anterolingual conules | ||
| Protostyle | Reig (1977)[1] | A style in front of the protocone, in the protoflexus | ||
| Protoflexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexus between the protocone and the anterolingual conule | ||
| Anterior mure | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest connecting the anterocone to the protocone | ||
| Protocone | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the anterolingual side | ||
| Enterostyle | Reig (1977)[1] | A style between the protocone and the hypocone, in the hypoflexus | ||
| Enteroloph | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest connecting the enterostyle to the mesocone | ||
| Hypoflexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexus between the protocone and the hypocone | ||
| Mesocone | Reig (1977)[1] | A conule in the median mure where the mesoloph is attached to it | ||
| Median mure | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest connecting the protocone/paracone to the hypocone/metacone | ||
| Hypocone | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the posterolingual side | ||
| Procingulum | Reig (1977)[1] | The front part of the tooth, before the anterior mure | ||
| Anteroflexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexus between the anteroloph and the anterolabial conule | ||
| Anteroloph | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest between the paracone and the anterolabial conule that may be connecting to a parastyle | ||
| Parastyle | Reig (1977)[1] | A style in front of the paracone | ||
| Paraflexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexus in front of the paracone | ||
| Protolophule | Reig (1977)[1] | A small crest in the paraflexus, connected to the protocone | ||
| Paraloph | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest attaching the paracone to the protocone or the median mure | ||
| Paracone | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the anterolabial side | ||
| Paralophule | Reig (1977)[1] | A small crest attached to the back side of the paracone | ||
| Mesoflexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexus between the mesoloph and the paracone | ||
| Mesostyle | Reig (1977)[1] | A style at the labial margin between the paracone and metacone | ||
| Mesoloph | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest in front of the metaflexus, connected to the median mure | ||
| Metaflexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexus in front of the metacone | ||
| Metalophule | Reig (1977)[1] | A small crest attached to the front side of the metacone | ||
| Metacone | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the posterolabial side | ||
| Metaloph | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest attaching the paracone to the hypocone | ||
| Posteroflexus | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexus between the posteroloph and the metacone | ||
| Posterostyle | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest on the posterolabial corner of the molar | ||
| Posteroloph | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest at the back of the molar, connected to the hypocone |
Lower teeth
| Name | Nomenclature term is used in | Definition | Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterolingual conulid | Reig (1977)[1] | A conulid on the lingual side of an anteroconid divided by an anteromedian flexid or fossettid | ||
| Anteromedian flexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A longitudinal flexid dividing the anteroconid into anterolabial and anterolingual conules | ||
| Anterolabial conulid | Reig (1977)[1] | A conulid on the labial side of an anteroconid divided by an anteromedian flexid or fossettid | ||
| Anteroconid | Reig (1977)[1] | A cusp at the front of the tooth that may be divided into anterolabial and anterolingual conulids | ||
| Anterolabial cingulum | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest before the protoconid and protoflexid | ||
| Protostylid | Reig (1977)[1] | A stylid in front of the protoconid, in the protoflexid | ||
| Protoflexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexid between the protoconid and the anterolabial conulid | ||
| Anterior murid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest connecting the anteroconid to the protoconid | ||
| Protoconid | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the anterolabial side | ||
| Ectostylid | Reig (1977)[1] | A stylid between the protoconid and the hypoconid, in the hypoflexid | ||
| Ectolophid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest connecting the ectostylid to the mesoconid | ||
| Hypoflexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexid between the protoconid and the hypoconid | ||
| Mesoconid | Reig (1977)[1] | A conulid in the median murid where the mesolophid is attached to it | ||
| Median murid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest connecting the protoconid/metaconid to the hypoconid/entoconid | ||
| Hypoconid | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the posterolabial side | ||
| Procingulum | Reig (1977)[1] | The front part of the tooth, before the anterior murid | ||
| Anteroflexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexid between the anterolophid and the anterolingual conulid | ||
| Anterolophid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest between the metaconid and the anterolabial conulid that may be connecting to a metastylid | ||
| Metastylid | Reig (1977)[1] | A stylid in front of the metaconid | ||
| Metaflexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexid in front of the metaconid | ||
| Protolophulid | Reig (1977)[1] | A small crest in the mesoflexid, connected to the protoconid | ||
| Metalophid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest attaching the metaconid to the protoconid or the anterior murid | ||
| Metaconid | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the anterolingual side | ||
| Metalophulid | Reig (1977)[1] | A small crest attached to the back side of the metaconid | ||
| Mesoflexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexid between the mesolophid and the paraconid | ||
| Mesostylid | Reig (1977)[1] | A stylid at the labial margin between the metaconid and entoconid | ||
| Mesolophid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest in front of the entoflexid, connected to the median murid | ||
| Entoflexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexid in front of the entoconid | ||
| Entolophulid | Reig (1977)[1] | A small crest attached to the front side of the entoconid | ||
| Entoconid | Reig (1977)[1] | One of the main cusps, at the posterolingual side | ||
| Entolophid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest attaching the entoconid to the hypoconid or median murid | ||
| Posteroflexid | Reig (1977)[1] | A flexid between the posterolophid and the metaconid | ||
| Hypolophulid | Reig (1977)[1] | A small crest in the posteroflexid attached to the posterolophid | ||
| Posterostylid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest on the posterolingual corner of the molar | ||
| Posterolophid | Reig (1977)[1] | A crest at the back of the molar, connected to the hypoconid |
References
Literature cited
- Reig, O.A. 1977. A proposed unified nomenclature for the enamelled components of the molar teeth of the Cricetidae (Rodentia) (subscription only). Journal of Zoology, London 181:227–241.
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