Endicott Peabody (educator)

Endicott Peabody
Born May 30, 1857
Salem, Massachusetts
Died November 17, 1944(1944-11-17) (aged 87)
Other names Cotty
Education Trinity College, Cambridge
Spouse(s) Fannie Peabody
Church Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Ordained 1884
Congregations served
 Tombstone, Arizona
Offices held
 Headmaster, Groton School

The Reverend Endicott Peabody (May 30, 1857 – November 17, 1944)[1] was the American Episcopal priest who founded the Groton School for Boys (known today simply as Groton School), in Groton, Massachusetts in 1884. Peabody also founded St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in Ayer, Massachusetts in October, 1889. Peabody served as headmaster at the school from 1884 until 1940, and also served as a trustee at Lawrence Academy at Groton.

In 1926, Peabody also founded Brooks School, which was named for 19th-century clergyman Phillips Brooks, a well-known preacher and resident of North Andover, Massachusetts. Peabody was headmaster for Franklin D. Roosevelt at Groton, and he officiated at Franklin's marriage to Eleanor Roosevelt, as well as those of their children. A 1944 Time magazine article described him as "the most famed U.S. headmaster of his generation".[2]

Early life

Endicott Peabody was the son of Samuel Endicott Peabody and Marianne Cabot Lee. He was born in Salem, Massachusetts.

His father, Samuel Endicott Peabody, was a Boston merchant and a partner in the London banking firm of J. S. Morgan and Company (later known as J.P. Morgan & Company). When Endicott Peabody was 13, the family moved to England. He prepared for university at Cheltenham College,[1] a secondary school in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, finishing in 1876 at the age of 19. He was graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1880 with an LL.B. degree.[1] He married his first cousin, Fannie Peabody, daughter of Francis and Helen (Bloodgood) Peabody of Salem, Massachusetts on June 18, 1885 in Salem. His father, Samuel, and her father, Francis, were brothers. They had six children.

His great-grandfather was Salem shipowner and privateer Joseph Peabody, who made a fortune importing pepper from Sumatra. Joseph Peabody was one of the wealthiest men in the United States at the time of his death in 1844.[3] Another of his ancestors was Massachusetts Bay Colony Governor John Endecott, who ordered the hanging of non-conformist Quakers, but who nonetheless was a friend of Roger Williams.

Seminary service

In 1882, after his first semester at the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Massachusetts (now the Episcopal Divinity School), Peabody was invited to take charge of a little Episcopal congregation in Tombstone, Arizona.[1] After a long seven-day train ride from Boston, he arrived in Benson, Arizona, and took the Sandy Bob stagecoach to Tombstone, arriving on January 29, 1882, three months after the "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral".

The previous church had burned down six months previously, and the reverend whom Peabody was replacing had left after only two months. Peabody held his first services in the Miner's Exchange Building on February 5, 1882.[1] Though he felt unqualified, with less than a year of seminary to his credit, he was successful in attracting a considerable congregation. Part of his success was his outreach, sometimes visiting up to 15 homes a day.[4]

Over a few months, he succeeded in getting St. Paul's Episcopal Church built for approximately $5,000.[5] (It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.) The first services were held there June 18, 1882.[4]

Peabody was able to raise the funds during a short amount of time because he was not afraid to go door-to-door for donations, including asking at the town's saloons. This outgoing manner helped him make many friends, including Wyatt Earp, whose family donated the altar rail for the new church.[6]

He also was impressive physically, never losing a boxing match. He began a baseball team in Tombstone.[7] Town newspaper Epitaph wrote of him, "Well, we've got a parson who doesn't flirt with girls, who doesn't drink behind the door and when it comes to baseball, he's a daisy."[6]

Though he was warmly embraced in Tombstone, he wrote of his homesickness in his diaries.[6] He left Tombstone after only six months, and many were saddened that he had to go. George Whitwell Parson noted in his diary that day, "We will not easily fill Peabody's place."[8] He returned to the East Coast and completed his studies at the Episcopalian Theological School, graduating in the spring of 1884.

Following the 125th anniversary of the building of the church, he was added to the Episcopal Church's liturgical calendar, with November 17th becoming the feast day of Endicott Peabody. He is thus regarded as the 'patron saint' of the Episcopal Diocese of Arizona and venerated as one of its most important missionaries.[6]

Founding of Groton School

Peabody's primary mission was to replicate for American schoolboys the type of education he had experienced in England. He considered Rugby School a particular model for its dual emphases on sports and classics. The curriculum was targeted specifically at boys from upper-class families, whom Peabody wished to steer toward moral leadership and philanthropy, and emphasized moral development over intellectual. His school received early support from the Roosevelt family, including future U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, and filled quickly.[9]

The school opened in 1884, and Peabody served as its headmaster until 1940. Its students included Theodore Roosevelt's four sons as well as his cousin, future president Franklin D. Roosevelt.[10] Peabody was a strict master; despite many of the students being from wealthy families, he refused to allow any student to receive more than 25 cents per week in allowance.[11]

Honors

Peabody was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1891.[12]

Legacy

Franklin Roosevelt said of Peabody, "As long as I live his influence will mean more to me than that of any other people next to my father and mother."[11]

His family has been called Boston Brahmins. His son Malcolm E. Peabody was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York. Massachusetts Governor Endicott Peabody was his grandson. His great-grandchildren include author Frances FitzGerald, model Penelope Tree, and actress Kyra Sedgwick (wife of Kevin Bacon).

Further reading

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Peabody, Endicott (PBDY876E)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ↑ "Education: Victorian Headmaster". Time. October 30, 1944. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  3. ↑ Maclay, Edgar Stanton (1899). A History of American Privateers. p. 408. ISBN 1-58057-331-2. Retrieved 2010-03-31.
  4. 1 2 Bishop Kirk S. Smith (July 12, 2007). "E-pistle for June 29, 2007". Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  5. ↑ "St. Paul's Episcopal Church" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Bishop Kirk S. Smith (November 9, 2007). "Propers for the Peabody Feast Day". The Episcopal Diocese of Arizona. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  7. ↑ "St.Paul's Episcopal Church - Tombstone AZ".
  8. ↑ "Endicott Peabody: Religion Arrives in Helldorado (Excerpt from "In Old Arizona" by Marshall Trimble)". Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  9. ↑ de Kay, James Tertius (2012). Roosevelt's Navy. New York: Pegasus. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9781605982854.
  10. ↑ "Groton School". The Theodore Roosevelt Center. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  11. 1 2 Brian Resnicker (February 14, 2012). "What America Looked Like: 4-Year-Old FDR". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  12. ↑ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
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