List of endemic birds of South Asia
This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.
Endemic birds of South Asia are those birds that belong to or are native to that area.[1] See also Endemic Birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Endemic Bird Areas
BirdLife International has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in the subcontinent:[2]
Each area has its own set of endemic species, and there are further species shared between the two which are not found elsewhere.
In addition the following are classified as secondary areas (areas with at least one restricted-range bird species, but not meeting the criteria to qualify as EBAs):
- Eastern Andhra Pradesh - covering the range of Jerdon's courser
- Southern Deccan Plateau - covering the range of yellow-throated bulbul, yellow-billed babbler, Sykes's lark, Jerdon's bushlark, crested hawk-eagle
- Central Indian Forests - covering the range of forest owlet
List of species
Species endemic to the Western Ghats and associated hills
- Legge's hawk-eagle (also extends into Sri Lanka)
- Nilgiri woodpigeon
- Malabar parakeet
- Malabar grey hornbill
- Malabar barbet
- White-cheeked barbet
- Nilgiri flowerpecker
- Crimson-backed sunbird
- Nilgiri pipit
- Malabar lark
- White-bellied treepie
- Grey-headed bulbul
- Flame-throated bulbul (Pycnonotus gularis)
- Rufous babbler
- Nilgiri laughingthrush
- Kerala laughingthrush
- Wynaad laughingthrush
- Crimson-backed sunbird
- Vigors's sunbird
- Indian yellow tit (Parus (xanthogenys) aplonotus)
- White-bellied blue flycatcher
- Black-and-orange flycatcher
- Nilgiri flycatcher
- White-bellied shortwing
- Rufous-bellied shortwing
- Nilgiri thrush
- Broad-tailed grassbird
- Malabar white-headed starling
- Malabar woodshrike (Tephrodornis sylvicola)
- Square-tailed black bulbul (Hypsipetes ganeesa)
Species endemic to Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka spurfowl
- Sri Lanka junglefowl
- Layard's parakeet
- Sri Lanka wood-pigeon
- Sri Lanka hanging parrot
- Green-billed coucal
- Red-faced malkoha
- Sri Lanka grey hornbill
- Black-crested bulbul
- Yellow-eared bulbul
- Yellow-fronted barbet
- Crimson-fronted barbet
- White-throated flowerpecker
- Sri Lanka white-eye
- Sri Lanka blue magpie
- Sri Lanka whistling thrush
- Spot-winged thrush
- Sri Lanka scaly thrush (Zoothera dauma imbricata)
- Ashy-headed laughingthrush
- White-faced starling
- Brown-capped babbler
- Orange-billed babbler
- White-browed scimitar-babbler (Pomatorhinus schisticeps melanurus)
- Sri Lanka bush warbler
- Dull-blue flycatcher
- Sri Lanka myna
- Black-throated munia
- Serendib scops-owl
- Chestnut-backed owlet
Species endemic to the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka combined
- Sri Lanka bay owl (Phodilus badius assimilis)
- Sri Lanka frogmouth
- Indian swiftlet
Other localised species endemic to peninsular India
- Grey junglefowl
- Jerdon's courser
- Blue-faced malkoha
- Forest owlet
- White-cheeked barbet
- Yellow-billed babbler
- Loten's sunbird
- Purple-rumped sunbird
- Jerdon's bushlark
- Sykes's lark
Other localised species endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka combined
Species endemic to northern parts of the subcontinent
- Swamp francolin
- Chestnut-breasted hill-partridge
- Himalayan quail
- Manipur bush-quail
- Jungle bush-quail
- Rock bush-quail
- Western tragopan
- Cheer pheasant
- Himalayan parakeet
- Brown-fronted woodpecker
- Himalayan woodpecker
Other species endemic to the subcontinent
- Painted francolin
- Painted bush-quail
- Red spurfowl
- Painted spurfowl
- Indian peafowl
- Indian black ibis
- Crested hawk-eagle
- Indian vulture
- Lesser florican
- Indian bustard
- Indian courser
- Yellow-wattled lapwing
- Painted sandgrouse
- Plum-headed parakeet
- Grey-bellied cuckoo
- Common hawk-cuckoo
- Sirkeer malkoha
- Indian eagle-owl
- Mottled wood-owl
- Indian scops-owl
- Indian jungle nightjar
- Indian white-rumped spinetail
- Indian grey hornbill
- Brown-headed barbet
- Brown-capped woodpecker
- Black-rumped flameback
- White-naped flameback
- Indian pitta
- Indian bushlark
- Jerdon's bushlark
- Bengal bushlark
- Ashy-crowned finch-lark
- Rufous-tailed lark
- Sykes's lark
- Red-rumped swallow (Hirundo daurica hyperythra)
- White-browed wagtail
- Black-headed cuckoo-shrike
- White-bellied minivet
- Orange minivet
- Malabar woodshrike (Tephrodornis gularis sylvicola)
- Sri Lanka woodshrike (Tephrodornis pondicerianus affinis)
- White-spotted fantail (Rhipidura albicollis albogularis)
Near-endemics and seasonal endemics
In addition, the following species are near-endemics i.e. only a small proportion of the population is found outside the subcontinent:
- Pink-headed duck
- Grey francolin
- Satyr tragopan
- Himalayan monal
- White-bellied heron
- Indian spotted eagle
- Laggar falcon
- Yellow-rumped honeyguide
- Fulvous-breasted woodpecker
- Sind woodpecker
- Scaly-bellied woodpecker
The following species is endemic as a breeding species, but winters elsewhere: