Empire State University

First appearance Amazing Spider-Man #31
(December 1965)
Publisher Marvel Comics

Empire State University (also known as ESU) is a fictional university in the Marvel Comics Universe. It is located somewhere in New York City, in Greenwich Village near the site of New York University.[1] Many Marvel Comics characters, especially those associated with Spider-Man, have either attended or worked at the university. It first appeared in Amazing Spider-Man #31 (December 1965).

Fictional location

Depictions of the university's location have been vague, although maps published in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe depict the university as being near Washington Square Park, on or near the site of New York University. In the 2002 Chamber miniseries, the main character dorms in Empire State's Brittany Hall, the name of a real dorm at NYU.[1]

The novel The Venom Factor, by Diane Duane,[2] places the university in Greenwich Village, where NYU is located.

Notable fictional students

Peter Parker, also known as Spider-Man, studied biophysics at Empire State University after graduating high school.

Victor von Doom was invited to come from Latveria to study at Empire State, where he met Reed Richards. He was expelled after the accidental explosion that scarred his face.

Johnny Storm, the Human Torch, attended Empire State University. He was expelled and then sued after he accidentally burned part of a building down[3] while engaged in a battle with supervillains.

A young Emma Frost also attended ESU in her late teens.[4] She was there when an anti-mutant strike broke out.

Later, X-Man Chamber enrolled briefly at ESU in order to investigate a bombing that killed six people. Chamber's findings resulted in ESU closing their main mutant program, and creating a new human/mutant student exchange program with the Xavier Institute. The first participants of this program were Walter—Chamber's paraplegic, human dorm-mate—and Amber, a reptilian mutant student who assisted Chamber in his investigation.[5]

Eddie Brock, AKA Venom, attends Empire State University in the Ultimate Spider-Man series.

Fictional staff, students, and faculty

Staff

Character First appearance Status Description
Debra Whitman[6] Amazing Spider-Man #196
(September 1979)		 Quit Secretary to Dr. Morris Sloan. Dated Peter Parker, but left him after finding out he was Spider-Man.
Harvey MacNamara[7] Amazing Spider-Man #225
(February 1982)		 Employed Registrar who was targeted by Foolkiller.
Dian Michael Abria[8] Amazing Spider-Man #310
(December 1988)		 Employed Head of MIS
Shelly Fisch[8] Employed Head of Grant Program. Is not actually seen.

Faculty

Character First appearance Status Description
Dean Menckin[9] Fantastic Four #35 (February 1965) Unknown
Professor Gregson Gilbert Quit Creator of Dragon Man.
Professor Miles Warren[10] Amazing Spider-Man #31
(December 1965)		 Quit Biology professor who taught Peter Parker and Gwen Stacy. Later created clones as the villain The Jackal.
Professor Marina Caches[11] Amazing Spider-Man #70
(March 1969)		 Employed Mother to Fabian LaMuerto and ex-wife to Black Tarantula.
Dean Marcus Corliss[12] Employed
Professor Clifton Shallot[1] Amazing Spider-Man #127 (December 1973) Quit Bio-mutation expert who became the third Vulture.
Damon Walthers Sub-Mariner #66 (January 1974) Employed Research scientist, developed a force field device, which was stolen by his lab assistant Clay Wilson, who became Force.
Dr. Henry Croft Sub-Mariner #68 (January 1974) Unknown Member of the Hydro-Men
Dr. Joseph Jennings Unknown Member of the Hydro-Men
Professor Rodney Ballinger[13] Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 2 #4 (March 1977) Employed Chemsitry professor
Harrison Turk[14] Defenders #52 (October 1977) Quit Was actually Arisen Tyrk (Lunatik).
Dean Morris Sloan Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man #32 (July 1979) Unknown Graduate professor under whom Peter Parker, Phillip Chang, Marcy Kane and Steve Hopkins studied and worked; inadvertently revived Swarm.
Professor Daniel Ironwood Marvel Team-Up Annual #2
(October 1979)		 Deceased[15] Father of Priscilla "Cissy" Ironwood, love interest to Peter Parker. Former expert in nuclear physics, kidnapped by the Soviet Super Soldiers, in effort to force him to complete a bomb.
Dean Enrico Montesi Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 2 #41 (April 1980) Employed
Professor Isaac Slattery Employed Biochemistry professor.
Dr. Michael Kissick[16] Amazing Spider-Man #221
(October 1981)		 Employed A biochemist who was coerced into formulating poisons for Ramrod
Professor Horatio Piper[17] Daredevil #202 (January 1984) Deceased Discovered Kingorge tribe and brought them to the United States. He was killed by Micah Synn after he freed Debbie Nelson[18]
Professor Buck Mitty Web of Spider-Man #19
(October 1986)		 Deceased[19] Former entomologist who after ESU cut his funds, established Humbug identity to gain alternate funding. Also known as the Bug-Man of Alcatraz.
Evan Swann Amazing Spider-Man #310 (December 1988) Employed Became one of the hosts for Captain Universe[20]
Dr. Maxwell Lubisch[21] Amazing Spider-Man #326 (December 1989) Employed Attempted to tap into extradimensional power source, resulted in Spider-Man receiving Captain Universe power; history of failed experiment abroad, blackmailed by Sebastian Shaw.
Dr. Ashley Kafka[22] Spectacular Spider-Man #178
(July 1991)		 Quit Founded and runs the Ravencroft Institute for the Criminally Insane.
Peregrine Took[23] Marvel Comics Presents #127
(May 1993)		 Employed Formerly employed to Danny Rand and became a magic user teaching Asian studies ESU. Named after Peregrin "Pippin" Took from The Lord of the Rings.
Dr. Benita Sanchez[24] Amazing Spider-Man #386
(February 1994)		 Employed Creates the juvenator mechanism that could transfer life energy from one source to another.
Professor Toshiro Mikashi Spider-Man: The Arachnis Project #1 (August 1994) Deceased later seconded to Williams University. Creator of the Arachnis Project and the father of Gunplay. He sacrificed his own life in an effort to destroy Carlton Drake/Homo Arachnis of the Life Foundation and his formula to so it would not be misused.[25]
Prof. Isaac Sandor[26] Fantastic Force #2 (December 1994) Unknown Discovered Omnivirus.
Brian "Tiny" McKeever Untold Tales of Spider-Man #1 (September 1995) Employed High School friend of Peter Parker. Head of security.
Professor Mark Howard[27] Amazing Spider-Man #421
(March 1997)		 Employed Taught graduate studies.
Anne-Marie Baker[8] Amazing Spider-Man #310 (December 1998) Employed Research Assistant to Dr. Evan Swann while getting doctorate, born in France, raised in London.
Dr. Philip Coyles Slingers #6 (May 1999) Employed Science advisor of Eddie McDonough
Professor Henry Brandeis[28] Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms #1 (December 2000) Unknown Taught comparative religions. Next-door neighbor of Susan and Johnny Storm during their childhood; murdered by Comte St. Germaine, who was attempting to retrieve the Amulet of Zarathos.
Chancellor Edward Gorman[29] Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 3 #2 (September 2003) Employed
Dr. Edward Lansky[30] Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 3 #3 (October 2003) Quit Physics professor who becomes the villain Lightmaster.
David Dwyer Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 2 #9 (March 2004) Unknown Former president of ESU
Professor Francis Hutton[31] Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 3 #12 (May 2004) Employed Sociology professor who tells Peter about the Legion of Light.
Dean Eliot Irvine[4] Emma Frost #13 (September 2004) Employed Academic Advisor
Professor Robin Mason[4] Employed
Peter Wilcox She-Hulk Vol. 2 #14 (February 2007) Employed Theoretical physicist, college classmate of She-Hulk, once dated Jen Walters, assisted in discovering nature of the compaction receptacles and Encroachiverses.

Student body

Character First appearance Status Description
Greg Salinger[32] Omega the Unknown #9
(July 1977)		 Expelled Attended some undergraduate courses taught by Peter Parker before resuming his Foolkiller identity.
Horace Ledge[33] Defenders #51
(September 1977)		 Unknown Badly beaten by Lunatik when he tried to come to Valkyrie's aid, friend of Dollar Bill.
Brad Davis[34] Amazing Spider-Man #188 (January 1979) Unknown Former star quarterback, dated Mary Jane Watson.
Harvey Kenneth Farber Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 2 #44
(July 1980)		 Unknown One of Peter's students.
Doreen Green Marvel Super-Heroes Vol. 2 #8 (December 1991) Enrolled The superhero Squirrel Girl.
Bridget O'Neil[35] Fantastic Four #366 (July 1992) Unknown Archeology student at Empire State University, acquaintance of Human Torch (Johnny Storm).
Kevin Wilson[36] Excalibur #53 (August 1992) Expelled Member of the Litter, a group of genetically engineered human-dog hybrids. Goes by the name Pitbull.
Clemence Duval[36] Expelled Member of the Litter, a group of genetically engineered human-dog hybrids. Goes by the name Poodle.
Monte Devlin[36] Expelled Member of the Litter, a group of genetically engineered human-dog hybrids. Goes by the name Terrier.
Jan Radar[36] Expelled Member of the Litter, a group of genetically engineered human-dog hybrids. Goes by the name Dane.
Basenji[36] Expelled Member of the Litter, a group of genetically engineered human-dog hybrids. She is hospitalized by Captain Britain. Her real name is unknown.
Lillian Hsu[23] Marvel Comics Presents #127 (May 1993) Unknown Assistant to Peregrine Took, interested in Danny Rand.
Olgivy Landsfield[23] Unknown Student of Peregrine Took.
Jack Hammer Cable #3 (July 1993) Expelled Dropped out after Deadpool went back in time and sabotaged his chances at a job at Oscorp. Becomes his sidekick Weasel.
Jonothon Evan Starsmore[5] Generation X #1
(November 1994)		 Unfinished Attended briefly whilst investigating undercover a bombing on campus for the X-Men.
Kyle Barker[37] Doc Samson #1 (January 1996) Expelled Became an enemy of Doc Samson named Patchwork.
Axel Asher[38] Marvel Versus DC #1
(February 1996)		 Unknown Became the hero Access and prevented the Marvel Universe and the DC Universe from merging.
Todd Fields Spider-Man #76 (January 1997) Unknown Went by the name Neil Aiken and became S.H.O.C.
Robin Vega Spider-Man #82 (August 1997) Expelled Mutant who was on the run. Befriended Peter and Mary Jane.
Johnathan "Johnny" Gallo[39] Slingers #0 (September 1998) Unknown A mutant who took the name Ricochet from Peter Parker. Was part of the Slingers and later joined the Loners. Is now a part-time student at Avengers Academy.
Richard "Ritchie" Gilmore[39] Unknown A jock who took the name Prodigy from Peter Parker. Was part of the Slingers and later joined the Initiative.
Edward "Eddie" McDonough[39] Deceased A science wiz who took the name Hornet from Peter Parker. Was part of the Slingers and went solo before getting killed by Wolverine.
Cassie St. Commons[39] Unknown A goth who took the name Dusk from Peter Parker. Was part of the Slingers, but has since disappeared.
Brian Broyd Slingers #1 (December 1998) Unknown Roommate of Eddie McDonough.
Gigi Martin[5] Chamber #1 (October 2002) Expelled Formerly at Empire State University, sought to promote peaceful relationships between humans and mutants, made up of both, several killed when Alex’s powers exploded out of control.
Walter Schmidt-Crane[5] Unknown Chamber's roommate; on exchange program with the Xavier Institute.
Patrick O'Keefe[5] Unknown Member of on-campus mutant group, Magnetic North
Amber McIntosh[5] Enrolled Mutant, may have been depowered.
Kovalski Twins Chamber #2 (November 2002) Unknown Bodyguards to Gigi Martin.
Alexis "Alex" Madden[5] Deceased Formerly at Empire State University, sought to promote peaceful relationships between humans and mutants, made up of both, several killed when Alex’s powers exploded out of control.
Christine "Christie" McDermott Emma Frost #13
(September 2004)		 Enrolled Of Jack and Jill, former roommate of Emma Frost, briefly dated Ian Kendall, assaulted by him while he was controlled by Astrid Bloom, pressed charges against him, but forced to act like she was psycho/obsessed with him by Emma to clear Ian.
Max Devreaux[40] Emma Frost #14 (October 2004) Expelled Briefly dated Emma Frost, forced to assault her by Astrid Bloom, suspended.
Kai McNamara[40] Enrolled Student of Professor Mason.
Anita Shannon[40] Enrolled Student of Professor Mason.
Astrid Bloom[4] Unknown Manipulated her own sister to kill their parents after they began neglecting her; manipulated Emma Frost to turn her against humanity.
Adam Blackveil Avengers Vol. 5 #3 (March 2013) Enrolled An artificial human created by Ex Nihilo. Adopted the identity of Adam Blackveil to accompany Kevin.
Kevin Conner Avengers Vol. 5 #7 (May 2013) Enrolled Becomes Starbrand during the White Event. Enrolls into ESU after accidentally destroying his old college.
Imani Greene Starbrand & Nightmask #1 (February 2016) Enrolled Youth activist from a young age. Heavily scarred, but is Kevin's object of affection and friend.
Kenneth "Kenny Kong" McFarlane Enrolled Friend of Kevin and Adam. Knows their identities, but keeps it to himself.
Krysta Brown Enrolled Friend of Kevin and Adam. Is attracted to the latter.
Shelly Conklin Starbrand & Nightmask #2 (March 2016) Enrolled Friend of Kevin and Adam. Is attracted to the former.

Fictional graduates/alumni

Character First appearance Status Description
Peter Parker (Spider-Man)[10] Amazing Fantasy #15
(August 1962)		 Alive The Amazing Spider-Man. Briefly left ESU, but returned to graduate.
Shantal Wilsk[11] Amazing Spider-Man #70
(March 1969)		 Alive Friend of Mary Jane Watson.
Candace Nelson[41] Daredevil #108 (March 1974) Alive Younger half sister to Foggy Nelson. Briefly dated Matt Murdock. Research project on the Sallis Papers got her in trouble with the government.
Dr. Bradley Bolton[42] Amazing Spider-Man #153 (February 1976) Deceased Co-creator of the WHO computer; sacrificed life protecting daughter from Paine, who wanted information on WHO.
Roger "Caps" Cooper[43] Nova #1 (September 1976) Alive Classmate and college roommate of Richard Rider; Nephew of Megaman; he is aware of Richard Rider's alter ego.
Bernie Dillon[43] Alive Roommate of Richard Rider, employed at Marvel Burger, aware of Nova’s secret identity.
Richard Rider[43] Alive Became the superhero Nova.
Aaron English[33] Defenders #51
(September 1977)		 Alive Went by the nickname 'Dollar Bill.' TV producer, attempted to make documentary about Defenders, former roommate of Harrison Turk, later had own Public-access television cable TV show.
Phillip Chang[44] Amazing Spider-Man #184 (September 1978) Alive Took vow of peace, assaulted by White Dragon II. Skilled martial artist.
Felicia Hardy[45] Amazing Spider-Man #194
(July 1979)		 Alive The anti-hero Black Cat. Dated and was raped by a fellow student.
Marcy Kane[46] Peter Parker, Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 2 #32 (July 1979) Alive Is really a Contraxian named Kaina, posed as science grad student at Empire State University, former lover of Jack of Hearts, friend and co-worker of Peter Parker.
Steve Hopkins Peter Parker, Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 2 #30 (November 1979) Alive With Peter Parker, biophysics major, practical joker.
Chip Martin Peter Parker, Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 2 #36 (November 1979) Alive Became the villain Schizoid Man. Tried to reform.
Emma Frost[4] X-Men #129 (January 1980) Alive Majored in Education with a minor in Business Administration.
Roger Hochberg[47] Amazing Spider-Man #223 (December 1981) Alive Friend of Peter Parker, dated Mia Carrerra, encountered Red Ghost and Super-Apes.
Ethan Albright[48] Amazing Spider-Man Annual #25 (September 1991) Alive Agro-Lab, partnered with Chip Lockley in project to accelerate plant growth.
Chip Lockley[48] Amazing Spider-Man Annual #25 (September 1991) Deceased Partnered with Ethan Albright in Agro-Lab, attempted to develop plant growth accelerator, slain by Carnage.
Carlos Munoz[48] Amazing Spider-Man #351 (September 1991) Alive Assisted in Nuform experiments for Roxxon.
Delilah "Dee Dee" Dearborn[37] Doc Samson #1 (January 1996) Alive Mutated by Empire State University’s experimental particle accelerator.
Susan Sawyer[49] Slingers #1 (December 1998) Alive Girlfriend of Bryan Broyd who was the roommate of Eddie McDonough.
Holly Gillis[50] Spectacular Spider-Man Vol. 3 #18 (October 2004) Alive Former Empire State University art student, she formerly dated Hector Ayala.

In other media

Television

Films

Video games

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sanderson, Peter (2007). The Marvel Comics Guide to New York City. New York City: Pocket Books. pp. 30–33. ISBN 1-4165-3141-6.
  2. ↑ "The Venom Factor" Venom Factor Book 1. ISBN 1-57297-038-3
  3. ↑ Tom DeFalco & Paul Ryan (w), Paul Ryan (p), Danny Bulanadi (i). "This Flame, This Fury" Fantastic Four 371 (December 1992), Marvel Comics
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Karl Bollers (w), Adriana Melo (p), Eric Cannon, Sean Parsons & Andrew Pepoy (i). "Bloom Part 1" Emma Frost 13 (September 2004), Marvel Comics
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Brian K. Vaughan (w), Lee Ferguson (p), Norm Rapmund (i). "The Hollow Man Chapter 1" X-Men Icons: Chamber 1 (October 2002), Marvel Comics
  6. ↑ Marv Wolfman (w), Allen Milgrom (p), Frank Giacoia & Jim Mooney (i). "Requiem!" Amazing Spider-Man 194 (September 1979), Marvel Comics
  7. ↑ Roger Stern (w), John Romita Jr. (p), Bob Wiacek (i). "Fools... Like Us!" Amazing Spider-Man 225 (February 1982), Marvel Comics
  8. 1 2 3 David Michelinie (w), Todd McFarlane (p), Terry Fitzgerald & Todd McFarlane (i). "Shrike Force!" Amazing Spider-Man 310 (December 1988), Marvel Comics
  9. ↑ Stan Lee (w), Jack Kirby (p), Chic Stone (i). "Calamity on the Campus" Fantastic Four Vol. 1 35 (February 1965), Marvel Comics
  10. 1 2 Stan Lee (w), Steve Ditko (a). "If this be my destiny" Amazing Spider-man 31 (December 1965), Marvel Comics
  11. 1 2 Tom DeFalco (w), Steve Skroce (p), Lewis LaRosa (i). "Sacrifice Play" Amazing Spider-Man 427 (October 1997), Marvel Comics
  12. ↑ Stan Lee (w), John Romita Sr (p), Jim Mooney (i). "Spider-Man: Wanted!" Amazing Spider-Man 70 (March 1969), Marvel Comics
  13. ↑ Archie Goodwin (w), Sal Buscema (p), Mike Esposito (i). "The Vulture Is A Bird Of Prey" Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 2 4 (March 1977), Marvel Comics
  14. ↑ David Anthony Kraft (w), Keith Giffen (p), Chic Stone (i). "Defender of the Realm" The Defenders 52 (October 1977), Marvel Comics
  15. ↑ Chris Claremont (w), Sal Buscema & Alan Kupperberg (p), Jack Abel (i). "Murder in Cathedral Canyon" Marvel Team-Up Annual 2 (1979), Marvel Comics
  16. ↑ Danny Fingeroth (w), Alan Kupperberg (p), Jim Mooney (i). "Blues For Lonesome Pinky" Amazing Spider-Man 221 (October 1981), Marvel Comics
  17. ↑ Dennis O'Neil (w), William Johnson (p), Danny Bulanadi (i). "Savages" Daredevil 202 (January 1984), Marvel Comics
  18. ↑ Dennis O'Neil (w), David Mazzucchelli (p), Danny Bulanadi (i). "War on Micah Synn II: The Blindness Men Wish For" Daredevil 213 (October 1984), Marvel Comics
  19. ↑ Heroes for Hire Vol. 2 #15
  20. ↑ Web of Spider-Man Annual #5 (1989)
  21. ↑ David Michelinie (w), Colleen Doran (p), Andy Mushynsky (i). "Gravity Storm" Amazing Spider-Man 326 (December 1989), Marvel Comics
  22. ↑ J. M. DeMatteis (w), Sal Buscema (p), Sal Buscema (i). "October Moon" Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 2 194 (November 1992), Marvel Comics
  23. 1 2 3 Scott Lobdell & Paul Ryan (w), Dennis Jensen (p), Jon Holdredge (i). "Passion Play Part 5: Brooklyn Bridge" Marvel Comics Presents 127 (1993), Marvel Comics
  24. ↑ David Michelinie (w), Mark Bagley (p), Randy Emberlin (i). "The Wings of Age" Amazing Spider-Man 386 (February 1994), Marvel Comics
  25. ↑ Spider-Man: Arachnis Project #5
  26. ↑ Tom Brevoort & Mike Kanterovich (w), Dante Bastianoni (p), Ralph Cabrera & Sandu Florea (i). "Zarathustra" Fantastic Force 2 (December 1994), Marvel Comics
  27. ↑ Tom DeFalco (w), Joe Bennett (p), Lewis LaRosa & Al Milgrom (i). "The Price!" Amazing Spider-Man 429 (December 1997), Marvel Comics
  28. ↑ Terry Kavanagh (w), Charlie Adlard (a). "Burn Victims" Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms 1 (December 2000), Marvel Comics
  29. ↑ Paul Jenkins (w), Humberto Ramos (p), Wayne Faucher (i). "The Hunger Part 2" Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 3 2 (September 2003), Marvel Comics
  30. ↑ Paul Jenkins (w), Humberto Ramos (p), Wayne Faucher (i). "The Hunger Part 3" Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 3 3 (October 2003), Marvel Comics
  31. ↑ Paul Jenkins (w), Damion Scott (p), Robert Campanella (i). "The Lizard's Tale Part 2" Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 3 12 (May 2004), Marvel Comics
  32. ↑ Roger Stern (w), John Byrne (p), Vince Colletta (i). "Ring Out The Old, Ring In The New!" Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man 58 (September 1981), Marvel Comics
  33. 1 2 David Anthony Kraft (w), Keith Giffen (p), Klaus Janson (i). "A Round With the Ringer!" The Defenders 51 (September 1977), Marvel Comics
  34. ↑ Marv Wolfman (w), Keith Pollard (p), Mike Esposito (i). "The Jigsaw Is Up" Amazing Spider-Man 188 (January 1979), Marvel Comics
  35. ↑ Tom DeFalco & Paul Ryan (w), Paul Ryan (p), Danny Bulanadi (i). "The Enemy Within!" Fantastic Four 366 (July 1992), Marvel Comics
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 Scott Lobdell (w), James Fry III (p), Chris Ivy (i). "The Litter" Excalibur 53 (August 1992), Marvel Comics
  37. 1 2 Dan Slott (w), Ken Lashley (p), Art Nichols & Tom Wegrzyn (i). "Greenness Envy" Doc Samson 1 (January 1996), Marvel Comics
  38. ↑ Ron Marz (w), Claudio Castellini & Dan Jurgens (p), Paul Neary & Joe Rubinstein (i). "Round One" Marvel Versus DC 1 (1996), Marvel Comics/DC Comics
  39. 1 2 3 4 Slingers #0
  40. 1 2 3 Karl Bollers (w), Carlo paqulayan (p), Dennis Crisostomo (i). "Bloom Part 2: Mutie" Emma Frost 14 (October 2004), Marvel Comics
  41. ↑ Steve Gerber (w), Bob Brown (p), Paul Gulacy (i). "Cry Beetle" Daredevil 108 (March 1974), Marvel Comics
  42. ↑ Len Wein (w), Sal Buscema (p), Mike Esposito (i). "Whodunit!" Amazing Spider-Man 155 (April 1976), Marvel Comics
  43. 1 2 3 Marv Wolfman (w), John Buscema (p), Joe Sinnott (i). "Nova" Nova 1 (September 1976), Marvel Comics
  44. ↑ Marv Wolfman (w), Ross Andru (p), Frank Giacoia (i). "White Dragon! Red Death!" Amazing Spider-Man 184 (September 1978), Marvel Comics
  45. ↑ Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil That Men Do #6
  46. ↑ Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 2 #32
  47. ↑ J. M. DeMatteis & Dennis O'Neil (w), John Romita Jr. (p), Allen Milgrom (i). "Night Of The Ape" Amazing Spider-Man 223 (December 1981), Marvel Comics
  48. 1 2 3 David Michelinie (w), Guang Yap (p), Jeff Albrecht (i). "The Vibranium Vendetta Part 1: The Spider & The Ghost" Amazing Spider-Man Annual 25 (1991), Marvel Comics
  49. ↑ Slingers #1
  50. ↑ Paul Jenkins (w), Humberto Ramos (p), Wayne Faucher (i). "Changes Part 2" Spectacular Spider-Man vol. 3 18 (October 2004), Marvel Comics
  51. ↑ Shawn Adler (2008-06-12). "Spider-Man Meets The Hulk: The Cross-Over That Almost Was But Wasn’t". MTV Movies Blog. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
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