List of heads of state of Haiti

Politics of Haiti
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This article lists the heads of state of Haiti since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.

Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom of Haiti in 1811, and the southern Republic of Haiti. Between 1822 and 1844 the Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the period known as the unification of Hispaniola.

Heads of State of Haiti

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
N/A	Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803)	1 January 1791	6 May 1802	Independent	Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802) Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801) Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802)
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804)
N/A	Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758–1806)	1 January 1804	22 September 1804	Independent	Governor-General of Haiti

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Coronation	Title(s)
1		Jacques I (1758–1806)	22 September 1804	17 October 1806	8 October 1804	Emperor of Haiti

State of Haiti (1806–1811)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
N/A		Henri Christophe (1767–1820)	17 October 1806	28 March 1811	Independent	Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807) President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811) Note: Rule limited to the northern State of Haiti

Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Coronation	Title(s)
N/A		Henri I (1767–1820)	28 March 1811	8 October 1820	2 June 1811	King of Haiti Note: Rule limited to the northern Kingdom of Haiti

Republic of Haiti (1806–1822)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
1		Alexandre Pétion (1770–1818)	17 October 1806	29 March 1818	Independent	President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816) President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818) Note: Rule limited to the southern Republic of Haiti
2		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	30 March 1818	9 February 1822	Independent	President for Life Note: United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820

Republic of Haiti during the unification of Hispaniola (1822–1844)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
(2)		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	9 February 1822	13 February 1843	Independent	President for Life
3		Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850)	4 April 1843	27 February 1844	Independent	President

Republic of Haiti (1844–1849)

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
(3)	Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850)	27 February 1844	3 May 1844	Independent	President
4	Philippe Guerrier (1757–1845)	3 May 1844	15 April 1845	Independent	President
5	Jean-Louis Pierrot (1761–1857)	16 April 1845	24 March 1846	Independent	President
6	Jean-Baptiste Riché (1780–1847)	24 March 1846	28 February 1847	Independent	President
7	Faustin Soulouque (1782–1867)	2 March 1847	26 August 1849	Independent	President

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Coronation	Title(s)
2		Faustin I (1782–1867)	26 August 1849	22 January 1859	18 April 1852	Emperor of Haiti

Republic of Haiti (1859–present)

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
8	Fabre Geffrard (1806–1878)	22 January 1859	13 March 1867	Independent	President
—	Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	20 March 1867	2 May 1867	Independent	Provisional President
9	Sylvain Salnave (1827–1870)	4 May 1867	27 December 1869	Independent	President
10	Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	27 December 1869	14 May 1874	Liberal Party	President
—	Council of Secretaries of State	14 May 1874	14 June 1874	Independent	Council of Secretaries of State
11	Michel Domingue (1813–1877)	14 June 1874	15 April 1876	Independent	President
12	Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	23 April 1876	17 July 1879	Liberal Party	Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876) President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879)
—	Joseph Lamothe (?–1891)	26 July 1879	2 October 1879	Provisional President	Independent
13	Lysius Salomon (1815–1888)	2 October 1879	10 August 1888	National Party	President
—	Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	10 August 1888	16 October 1888	Liberal Party	Provisional President
14	François Denys Légitime (1841–1935)	16 October 1888	23 August 1889	Liberal Party	President
—	Monpoint Jeune (1830–1905)	23 August 1889	17 October 1889	Independent	Provisional President
15	Florvil Hyppolite (1828–1896)	17 October 1889	24 March 1896	National Party	President
16	Tirésias Simon Sam (1835–1916)	31 March 1896	12 May 1902	National Party	President
—	Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	26 May 1902	17 December 1902	Liberal Party	Provisional President
17	Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910)	21 December 1902	2 December 1908	Military	President
18	François C. Antoine Simon (1843–1923)	6 December 1908	3 August 1911	Liberal Party	President
19	Cincinnatus Leconte (1854–1912)	15 August 1911	8 August 1912	National Party	President Note: Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806)
20	Tancrède Auguste (1856–1913)	8 August 1912	2 May 1913	National Party	President
21	Michel Oreste (1859–1918)	12 May 1913	27 January 1914	Independent	President
22	Oreste Zamor (1861–1915)	8 February 1914	29 October 1914	Military	President
23	Joseph Davilmar Théodore (1847–1917)	7 November 1914	22 February 1915	Military	President
24	Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (1859–1915)	25 February 1915	28 July 1915	Military	President Notes: Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902). Also the inspiration for Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones.
25	Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1863–1926)	12 August 1915	15 May 1922	Independent	President Note: Served under the United States occupation
26	Louis Borno (1865–1942)	15 May 1922	15 May 1930	Independent	President Note: Served under the United States occupation
27	Louis Eugène Roy (1861–1939)	15 May 1930	18 November 1930	Independent	President Note: Served under the United States occupation
28	Sténio Vincent (1874–1959)	18 November 1930	15 May 1941	Independent	President Note: Served under the United States occupation until 1934
29	Élie Lescot (1883–1974)	15 May 1941	11 January 1946	Liberal Party	President
—	Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	11 January 1946	16 August 1946	Military	Chairman of the Military Executive Committee
30	Dumarsais Estimé (1900–1953)	16 August 1946	10 May 1950	Independent	President
—	Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	10 May 1950	6 December 1950	Military	Chairman of the Government Junta
31	Paul Magloire (1907–2001)	6 December 1950	12 December 1956	Peasant Worker Movement	President
—	Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (1900–1966)	12 December 1956	3 February 1957	Independent	Provisional President
—	Franck Sylvain (1909–1987)	7 February 1957	2 April 1957	Independent	Provisional President
—	Executive Government Council	2 April 1957	25 May 1957	Independent	Executive Government Council
—	Daniel Fignolé (1913–1986)	25 May 1957	14 June 1957	Peasant Worker Movement	Provisional President
—	Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (1909–1963)	14 June 1957	22 October 1957	Military	Chairman of the Military Council
32	François Duvalier (1907–1971)	22 October 1957	21 April 1971	National Unity Party	President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971)
33	Jean-Claude Duvalier (1951–2014)	21 April 1971	7 February 1986	National Unity Party	President for Life
—	Henri Namphy (1932–)	7 February 1986	7 February 1988	Military	President of the National Council of Government
34	Leslie Manigat (1930–2014)	7 February 1988	20 June 1988^{[nb 1]}	Rally of Progressive National Democrats	President
35	Henri Namphy (1932–)	20 June 1988	17 September 1988^{[nb 2]}	Military	President
36	Prosper Avril (1937–)	17 September 1988	10 March 1990	Military	President
—	Hérard Abraham (1940–)	10 March 1990	13 March 1990	Military	Acting President
—	Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (1943–)	13 March 1990	7 February 1991	Independent	Provisional President
37	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	7 February 1991	29 September 1991^{[nb 3]}	Lavalas Political Organization	President
—	Raoul Cédras (1949–)	29 September 1991	8 October 1991	Military	Acting President Note: Leader of the military junta (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994)
—	Joseph Nérette (1924–2007)	8 October 1991	19 June 1992	Independent	Provisional President
—	Marc Bazin (1932–2010)	19 June 1992	15 June 1993	Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti	Acting President
37	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	15 June 1993	12 May 1994	Lavalas Political Organization	President Note: In exile, but recognized in Haiti
—	Émile Jonassaint (1913–1995)	12 May 1994	12 October 1994	Independent	Provisional President
37	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	12 October 1994	7 February 1996	Lavalas Political Organization	President Note: Served under the United States occupation until 1995
38	René Préval (1943–2017)	7 February 1996	7 February 2001	Fanmi Lavalas	President
39	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	7 February 2001	29 February 2004^{[nb 4]}	Fanmi Lavalas	President
—	Boniface Alexandre (1936–)	29 February 2004	14 May 2006	Independent	Provisional President
40	René Préval (1943–2017)	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	Lespwa (until November 2009.)	President
(40)	René Préval (1943–2017)	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	Inite	President
41	Michel Martelly (1961–)	14 May 2011	7 February 2016	Repons Peyizan	President
—	Council of Ministers	7 February 2016	14 February 2016	Independent	Council of Ministers
—	Jocelerme Privert (1953–)	14 February 2016	7 February 2017	Inite	Provisional President Note: Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016
42	Jovenel Moïse (1968–)	7 February 2017	Incumbent	Haitian Tèt Kale Party	President

Foreign governors and military commanders

U.S. Military Commanders

28 July 1915 – 15 August 1915: William Banks Caperton
15 August 1915 – 21 November 1916: Littleton Waller
22 November 1916 – 27 November 1917: Eli K. Cole
28 November 1917 – 6 December 1918: John H. Russell Jr. (1st time)
7 December 1918 – 14 July 1919: Albertus W. Catlin
15 July 1919 – 1 October 1919: Louis McCarty Little (1st time)
2 October 1919 – 14 January 1922: John H. Russell Jr. (2nd time)
14 January 1922 – 28 March 1922: George Van Orden
29 March 1922 – 15 November 1923: Theodore P. Kane
16 November 1923 – 21 January 1924: William N. McKelvy (1st time)
21 January 1924 – 11 June 1925: Ben H. Fuller (1st time)
12 June 1925 – 25 June 1925: William N. McKelvy (2nd time)
26 June 1925 – 29 July 1925: Harold Courtland Snyder
30 July 1925 – 7 December 1925: Ben H. Fuller (2nd time)
8 December 1925 – 24 January 1928: John T. Myers
25 January 1928 – 22 February 1928: Presley M. Rixey Jr.
23 February 1928 – 24 June 1929: Louis Mason Gulick
25 June 1929 – 11 May 1931: Richard M. Cutts
3 June 1931 – 15 August 1934: Louis McCarty Little (2nd time)

U.S. High Commissioner

11 February 1922 – 16 November 1930: John H. Russell Jr.

U.S. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary

16 November 1930 – 14 September 1932: Dana Gardner Munro
7 November 1932 – 4 March 1933: Norman Armour (1st time)
11 April 1933 – 15 August 1934: Norman Armour (2nd time)

U.S. Military Commanders

16 September 1994 – 25 October 1994: Hugh Shelton
25 October 1994 – January 1995: David C. Meade
January 1995 – March 1995: George A. Fisher Jr.

United Nations (UNMIH) Force Commanders

January 1995 – 5 March 1996: Joseph W. Kinzer (U.S.)
5 March 1996 – 30 June 1997: J. R. Pierre Daigle (Canada)
1 August 1997 – 30 November 1997: Robin Gagnon (Canada)

U.S. Military Commander

24 February 2004 – 1 June 2004: James T. Hill

United Nations (MINUSTAH) Force Commanders

1 June 2004 – 1 September 2005: Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira (Brazil)
1 September 2005 – 7 January 2006: Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar (Brazil)
7 January 2006 – 20 January 2006: Eduardo Aldunate Herman (Chile) (interim)
20 January 2006 – 9 January 2007: José Elito Carvalho de Siqueira (Brazil)
9 January 2007 – 9 April 2009: Carlos Alberto Dos Santos Cruz (Brazil)
9 April 2009 – 11 April 2010: Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto (Brazil)
11 April 2010 – 30 March 2011: Luiz Guilherme Paul Cruz (Brazil)
30 March 2011 – 27 March 2012: Luiz Eduardo Ramos Pereira (Brazil)
27 March 2012 – 27 March 2013: Fernando Rodrigues Goulart (Brazil)
27 March 2013 – 15 March 2014: Edson Leal Pujol (Brazil)
15 March 2014 – 30 August 2015: José Luiz Jaborandy Jr. (Brazil)
4 September 2015 – 13 October 2015: Jorge Peña Leiva (Chile) (acting)
13 October 2015 – present: Ajax Porto Pinheiro (Brazil)

Commanders of U.S. Joint Task Force for Haiti Relief

17 January 2010 – 18 April 2010: P. K. "Ken" Keen (U.S.)
18 April 2010 – 1 June 2010: Simeon G. Trombitas (U.S.)

References

↑ Deposed in the June 1988 coup d'état
↑ Deposed in the September 1988 coup d'état
↑ Deposed in the 1991 coup d'état
↑ Deposed in the 2004 coup d'état

Heads of State of Haiti
Post-Revolutionary (1804–59)	Dessalines/Jacques I Christophe/Henri I Blanchet (acting) Pétion Boyer Rivière-Hérard Guerrier Pierrot Riché Soulouque/Faustin I
Post-Imperial (1859–1930)	Geffrard Saget (provisional) Salnave Saget Council of Secretaries of State Domingue Boisrond-Canal Lamothe (provisional) Salomon Boisrond-Canal (provisional) Légitime Jeune (provisional) Hyppolite Simon Sam Boisrond-Canal (provisional) Alexis Simon Leconte Auguste Oreste Zamor Théodore Guillaume Sam Dartiguenave Borno Roy
Post-Occupation (1930–86)	Vincent Lescot Lavaud Estimé Lavaud Magloire Pierre-Louis (provisional) Sylvain (provisional) Executive Government Council Fignolé (provisional) Kébreau François Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier
Post-Duvalier (1986–2011)	Namphy Manigat Namphy Avril Abraham Pascal-Trouillot Aristide Cédras Nérette Bazin (provisional) Jonassaint (provisional) Aristide Préval Aristide Alexandre (provisional) Préval
Post-Earthquake (2011–present)	Martelly Privert (provisional) Moïse

Years in Haiti (1804-present)
19th century	1804 1805 1806 ... 1811 ... 1822 ... 1838 ... 1842 1843 1844 ... 1849 ... 1856 ... 1861 1862 1863 1864 ... 1893 ...
20th century	1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
21st century	2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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