Empagliflozin
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| Trade names | Jardiance |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | jardiance |
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| Routes of administration | by mouth |
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| Formula | C23H27ClO7 |
| Molar mass | 450.91 g·mol−1 |
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Empagliflozin (trade name Jardiance) is a drug of the gliflozin class, approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults in 2014. It was developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company.[1]
Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), and causes sugar in the blood to be excreted by the kidneys and eliminated in urine.
Medical use
Empaglifozin in people with type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease in those with a previous history of cardiovascular disease.[2]
Side effects
When taken in dosages of 10 or 25 mg once a day, the incidence of adverse events was similar to placebo. However, there was a higher frequency of urinary tract infections.[3][4]
There are concerns it may increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Interestingly, DKA may develop despite only mildly elevated blood glucose levels in people taking SGLT-2 inhibitors, potentially complicating the diagnosis. [5]
Mode of action
Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), which is found almost exclusively in the proximal tubules of nephronic components in the kidneys. SGLT-2 accounts for about 90 percent of glucose reabsorption into the blood. Blocking SGLT-2 reduces blood glucose by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidney and thereby excreting glucose (i.e., blood sugar) via the urine.[6][7][8]
Regulatory status
As of May 2013, Boehringer and Lilly had submitted applications for marketing approval to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[3] The drug was approved in Europe in May 2014 and was approved by the FDA in August 2014.[9] The FDA required four postmarketing studies: a cardiovascular outcomes trial, and two studies in children, and a toxicity study in animals related to the pediatric trials.[9]
See also
- Empagliflozin/linagliptin (Glyxambi)
References
- ↑ Grempler R, Thomas L, Eckhardt M, Himmelsbach F, Sauer A, Sharp DE, Bakker RA, Mark M, Klein T, Eickelmann P (January 2012). "Empagliflozin, a novel selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor: characterisation and comparison with other SGLT-2 inhibitors". Diabetes Obes Metab. 14 (1): 83–90. PMID 21985634. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01517.x.
- ↑ Commissioner, Office of the. "Press Announcements - FDA approves Jardiance to reduce cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes". www.fda.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- 1 2 Miriam E. Tucker for Medscape Medical News. May 07, 2013 First Details of Empagliflozin Trials Follow US and EU Filings
- ↑ NICE. Type 2 diabetes: empagliflozin
- ↑ FDA (2015-05-15). "SGLT2 inhibitors: Drug Safety Communication - FDA Warns Medicines May Result in a Serious Condition of Too Much Acid in the Blood". Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo RA (September 2008). "Inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption: a novel strategy for achieving glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Endocr Pract. 14 (6): 782–90. PMID 18996802. doi:10.4158/ep.14.6.782.
- ↑ Nair S, Wilding JP (January 2010). "Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a new treatment for diabetes mellitus". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95 (1): 34–42. PMID 19892839. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0473.
- ↑ Bays H (March 2009). "From victim to ally: the kidney as an emerging target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus". Curr Med Res Opin. 25 (3): 671–81. PMID 19232040. doi:10.1185/03007990802710422.
- 1 2 Elizabeth Mechatie for Clinical Endocrinology News Digital Network August 1, 2014 FDA approves empagliflozin for adults with type 2 diabetes