Elizabeth Warren

Elizabeth Warren
United States Senator
from Massachusetts
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Serving with Ed Markey
Preceded by Scott Brown
Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus
Assumed office
January 3, 2017
Serving with Mark Warner
Leader Chuck Schumer
Preceded by Chuck Schumer
Special Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
In office
September 17, 2010 – August 1, 2011
President Barack Obama
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Raj Date
Chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel
In office
November 25, 2008 – November 15, 2010
Deputy Damon Silvers
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Ted Kaufman
Personal details
Born Elizabeth Ann Herring
(1949-06-22) June 22, 1949
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
Political party Democratic (1996–present)
Other political
affiliations		 Republican (Before 1996)[1]
Spouse(s) Jim Warren (1968–1978)
Bruce Mann (1980–present)
Children 2
Education George Washington University
University of Houston (BS)
Rutgers University, Newark (JD)
Website Senate website

Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949)[2] is an American academic and politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party and is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts. Warren was formerly a professor of law, and taught at the University of Texas School of Law, the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and most recently at Harvard Law School. A prominent scholar specializing in bankruptcy law, Warren was among the most cited in the field of commercial law before starting her political career.[3]

Warren is an active consumer protection advocate whose scholarship led to the conception and establishment of the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. She has written a number of academic and popular works, and is a frequent subject of media interviews regarding the American economy and personal finance. Following the 2008 financial crisis, Warren served as chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel created to oversee the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). She later served as Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau under President Barack Obama. During the late 2000s, she was recognized by publications such as the National Law Journal and Time 100 as an increasingly influential public policy figure.

In September 2011, Warren announced her candidacy for the U.S. Senate, challenging Republican incumbent Scott Brown. She won the general election on November 6, 2012, becoming the first female Senator from Massachusetts. She was assigned to the Senate Special Committee on Aging; the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee; and the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee.

Warren is a leading figure in the Democratic Party and is popular among American progressives.[4][5] Although she repeatedly stated that she was not running for president,[6][7][8] Warren was frequently mentioned by political pundits as a strong potential candidate in the 2016 presidential elections. Warren remained neutral during the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries,[9][10] endorsing presumptive nominee Hillary Clinton only after all fifty states had voted.

Early life, education, and family

Warren was born on June 22, 1949,[11][12] in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to middle class parents Pauline (née Reed) and Donald Jones Herring; Warren has described her family as teetering "on the ragged edge of the middle class" and "kind of hanging on at the edges by our fingernails".[13][14] She was their fourth child, with three older brothers.[15] When she was 12, her father, a janitor at Montgomery Ward,[14] had a heart attack—which led to many medical bills, as well as a pay cut because he could not do his previous work.[16] Eventually, this led to the loss of their car from failure to make loan payments. To help the family finances, her mother found work in the catalog order department at Sears.[17] When she was 13, Warren started waiting tables at her aunt's restaurant.[15][18]

Warren became a star member of the debate team at Northwest Classen High School and won the title of "Oklahoma's top high school debater" while competing with debate teams from high schools throughout the state. She also won a debate scholarship to George Washington University at the age of 16.[16] Initially aspiring to be a teacher, she left GWU after two years to marry her high school boyfriend, Jim Warren.[15][19][20]

Warren moved to Houston with her husband, who was a NASA engineer.[19] There she enrolled in the University of Houston, graduating in 1970 with a bachelor of science degree in speech pathology and audiology.[21][22][23] For a year, she taught children with disabilities in a public school, based on an "emergency certificate", as she had not taken the education courses required for a regular teaching certificate.[24][25][26]

Warren and her husband moved for his work to New Jersey, where, after becoming pregnant, she decided to remain at home to care for their child.[27] After their daughter turned two, Warren enrolled at the Rutgers School of Law–Newark.[27] She worked as a summer associate at Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. Shortly before her graduation in 1976, Warren became pregnant with their second child. After receiving her J.D. and passing the bar examination, she began to work as a lawyer from home, writing wills and doing real estate closings.[20][27]

After having two children, Amelia and Alexander, she and Jim Warren divorced in 1978.[16][28] She also has grandchildren.[29] In 1980, Elizabeth married Bruce Mann, a law professor, but retained the surname Warren.[28][30]

Political affiliation

Warren voted as a Republican for many years, saying, "I was a Republican because I thought that those were the people who best supported markets".[19] According to Warren, she began to vote Democratic in 1995 because she no longer believed that to be true, but she states that she has voted for both parties because she believed that neither party should dominate.[31]

Career

Warren discussing the work of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau at the ICBA conference in 2011

During the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Warren taught law at several universities throughout the country while researching issues related to bankruptcy and middle-class personal finance.[27] She became involved with public work in bankruptcy regulation and consumer protection in the mid-1990s.

Academic

Warren started her academic career as a lecturer at Rutgers School of Law–Newark (1977–78). She moved to the University of Houston Law Center (1978–83), where she became Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in 1980, and obtained tenure in 1981. She taught at the University of Texas School of Law as visiting associate professor in 1981, and returned as a full professor two years later (staying 1983–87). In addition, she was a visiting professor at the University of Michigan (1985) and research associate at the Population Research Center of the University of Texas at Austin (1983–87).[32] Early in her career, Warren became a proponent of on-the-ground research based on studying how people actually respond to laws in the real world. Her work analyzing court records, and interviewing judges, lawyers, and debtors, established her as a rising star in the field of bankruptcy law.[33]

Warren joined the University of Pennsylvania Law School as a full professor in 1987 and obtained an endowed chair in 1990 (becoming William A Schnader Professor of Commercial Law). She taught for a year at Harvard Law School in 1992 as Robert Braucher Visiting Professor of Commercial Law. In 1995, Warren left Penn to become Leo Gottlieb Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.[32] As of 2011, she was the only tenured law professor at Harvard who had attended law school at an American public university.[33] Warren was a highly influential law professor. Although she published in many fields, her expertise was in bankruptcy and commercial law. In that field, only Bob Scott of Columbia and Alan Schwartz of Yale were cited more often than Warren.[34][3]

Advisory roles

In 1995, Warren was asked to advise the National Bankruptcy Review Commission.[35] She helped to draft the commission's report and worked for several years to oppose legislation intended to severely restrict the right of consumers to file for bankruptcy. Warren and others opposing the legislation were not successful; in 2005 Congress passed the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, which curtailed the ability of consumers to file for bankruptcy.[36][37]

From November 2006 to November 2010, Warren was a member of the FDIC Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion.[38] She is a member of the National Bankruptcy Conference, an independent organization that advises the U.S. Congress on bankruptcy law.[39] She is a former Vice President of the American Law Institute and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[40]

Warren's scholarship and public advocacy was the impetus behind the establishment of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in 2011.[41]

Public life

Warren has a high public profile; she has appeared in the documentary films Maxed Out and Michael Moore's Capitalism: A Love Story.[42] She has appeared numerous times on television programs, including Dr. Phil and The Daily Show,[43] and has been interviewed frequently on cable news networks and radio programs.

TARP oversight

Warren stands next to President Barack Obama as he announces the nomination of Richard Cordray as the first director of the CFPB, July 2011.

On November 14, 2008, Warren was appointed by U.S. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid to chair the five-member Congressional Oversight Panel created to oversee the implementation of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.[44] The Panel released monthly oversight reports that evaluate the government bailout and related programs.[45] During Warren's tenure, these reports covered foreclosure mitigation, consumer and small business lending, commercial real estate, AIG, bank stress tests, the impact of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) on the financial markets, government guarantees, the automotive industry, and other topics.[lower-alpha 1]

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Warren was an early advocate for the creation of a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The bureau was established by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act signed into law by President Obama in July 2010. In September 2010, President Obama named Warren Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to set up the new agency.[46] While liberal groups and consumer advocacy groups pushed for Obama to formally nominate Warren as the agency's director, Warren was strongly opposed by financial institutions and by Republican members of Congress who believed Warren would be an overly zealous regulator.[47][48][49] Reportedly convinced that Warren could not win Senate confirmation as the bureau's first director,[50] Obama turned to former Ohio Attorney General Richard Cordray and in January 2012, over the objections of Republican senators, appointed Cordray to the post in a recess appointment.[51][52]

U.S. Senate

2012 election

2012 Senate election results by municipality

On September 14, 2011, Warren declared her intention to run for the Democratic nomination for the 2012 election in Massachusetts for the U.S. Senate. The seat had been won by Republican Scott Brown in a 2010 special election after the death of Ted Kennedy.[53][54] A week later, a video of Warren speaking in Andover became a viral video on the Internet.[55] In it, Warren replies to the charge that asking the rich to pay more taxes is "class warfare", pointing out that no one grew rich in the U.S. without depending on infrastructure paid for by the rest of society, stating:[56][57]

There is nobody in this country who got rich on his own. Nobody. ... You moved your goods to market on the roads the rest of us paid for; you hired workers the rest of us paid to educate; you were safe in your factory because of police forces and fire forces that the rest of us paid for. You didn't have to worry that marauding bands would come and seize everything at your factory, and hire someone to protect against this, because of the work the rest of us did. Now look, you built a factory and it turned into something terrific, or a great idea. God bless. Keep a big hunk of it. But part of the underlying social contract is, you take a hunk of that and pay forward for the next kid who comes along.

President Barack Obama later echoed her sentiments in a 2012 election campaign speech.[58]

In April 2012, the Boston Herald sparked a campaign controversy when it reported that from 1986 to 1995 Warren had listed herself as a minority in the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) directories, called the AALS Directory of Law Teachers.[59] Harvard Law School had publicized her minority status in response to criticisms about a lack of faculty diversity, but Warren said that she was unaware of this until she read about it in a newspaper during the 2012 election.[59][60][61] Scott Brown, her Republican opponent in the Senate race, speculated that she had fabricated Native American heritage to gain advantage in the job market.[62][63][64] Former colleagues and supervisors at universities where she had worked stated that Warren's ancestry played no role in her hiring.[60][61][64][65] Warren responded to the allegations, saying that she had self-identified as a minority in the directories in order to meet others with similar tribal roots.[66] Her brothers defended her, stating that they "grew up listening to our mother and grandmother and other relatives talk about our family's Cherokee and Delaware heritage".[67] In her 2014 autobiography, Warren described the allegations as untrue and hurtful.[68] The New England Historic Genealogical Society found a family newsletter that alluded to a marriage license application that listed Elizabeth Warren’s great-great-great grandmother as part Cherokee, but could not find the primary document and found no proof of her descent.[64][69][70] The Oklahoma Historical Society said that finding a definitive answer about Native American heritage can be difficult because of intermarriage and deliberate avoidance of registration.[71]

Warren at a campaign event, November 2012

Warren ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination and won it on June 2, 2012, at the state Democratic convention with a record 95.77% of the votes of delegates.[72][73][74] She encountered significant opposition from business interests. In August the political director for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, claimed that "no other candidate in 2012 represents a greater threat to free enterprise than Professor Warren."[75] She nonetheless raised $39 million for her campaign, the most of any Senate candidate in 2012, and showed, according to The New York Times, "that it was possible to run against the big banks without Wall Street money and still win".[50]

Warren received a prime-time speaking slot at the 2012 Democratic National Convention on September 5, 2012. She positioned herself as a champion of a beleaguered middle class that "has been chipped, squeezed, and hammered". According to Warren, "People feel like the system is rigged against them. And here's the painful part: They're right. The system is rigged." Warren said Wall Street CEOs "wrecked our economy and destroyed millions of jobs" and that they "still strut around congress, no shame, demanding favors, and acting like we should thank them".[76][77][78]

Tenure

Warren attending the swearing in of Senator Mo Cowan in the Old Senate Chamber

On November 6, 2012, Warren defeated incumbent Scott Brown with a total of 53.7% of the votes. She is the first woman ever elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts,[79] as part of a sitting U.S. Senate that had 20 female senators in office, the largest female U.S. Senate delegation in history, following the November 2012 elections. In December 2012, Warren was assigned a seat on the Senate Banking Committee, the committee that oversees the implementation of Dodd–Frank and other regulation of the banking industry.[80] Warren was sworn in by Vice President Joe Biden on January 3, 2013.[81]

At Warren's first Banking Committee hearing in February 2013, she pressed several banking regulators to answer when they had last taken a Wall Street bank to trial and stated, "I'm really concerned that 'too big to fail' has become 'too big for trial'." Videos of Warren's questioning became popular on the Internet, amassing more than one million views in a matter of days.[82] At a Banking Committee hearing in March, Warren asked Treasury Department officials why criminal charges were not brought against HSBC for its money laundering practices. With her questions being continually dodged, Warren compared money laundering to drug possession, saying: "If you're caught with an ounce of cocaine, the chances are good you're going to go to jail... But evidently, if you launder nearly a billion dollars for drug cartels and violate our international sanctions, your company pays a fine and you go home and sleep in your own bed at night."[83]

In May 2013, Warren sent letters to the Justice Department, Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Federal Reserve, questioning their decisions that settling rather than going to court would be more fruitful.[84] Also in May, suggesting that students should get "the same great deal that banks get", Warren introduced the Bank on Student Loans Fairness Act, which would allow students to take out government education loans at the same rate that banks pay to borrow from the federal government, 0.75%.,[85] Independent Senator Bernie Sanders endorsed her bill saying: "The only thing wrong with this bill is that [she] thought of it and I didn't".[86]

During the 2014 election cycle, Warren was a top Democratic fundraiser. Following the election, Warren was appointed to become the first-ever Strategic Adviser of the Democratic Policy and Communications Committee, a position that was created just for her. The appointment further added to speculation about a possible presidential run by Warren in 2016.[87][88][89][90]

Saying, "despite the progress we've made since 2008, the biggest banks continue to threaten our economy," in July 2015 Senator Warren, along with John McCain (R-AZ), Maria Cantwell (D-WA), and Angus King (I-ME) re-introduced the 21st Century Glass-Steagall Act, a modern version of the Banking Act of 1933. The legislation is intended to reduce the risk for the American taxpayer in the financial system and decrease the likelihood of future financial crises.[91]

In a September 20, 2016, hearing, Warren called for the CEO of Wells Fargo, John Stumpf, to resign, adding that he should be "criminally investigated" over Wells Fargo's opening of two million checking and credit-card accounts without the consent of their customers under his tenure.[92][93]

In December 2016, Warren gained a seat on the Senate Armed Services Committee, termed by The Boston Globe to be "a high-profile perch on one of the chamber’s most powerful committees" which will "fuel speculation about a possible 2020 bid for president".[94]

On February 7, 2017, Republicans in the Senate voted that Sen. Warren had violated Senate rule 19 during the debate on attorney general nominee Sen. Jeff Sessions, claiming that she impugned his character when she quoted statements made about Sessions by Coretta Scott King and Sen. Ted Kennedy. "Mr. Sessions has used the awesome power of his office to chill the free exercise of the vote by black citizens in the district he now seeks to serve as a federal judge. This simply cannot be allowed to happen," King wrote in a 1986 letter to Sen. Strom Thurmond, which Warren attempted to read on the Senate floor.[95] This action prohibited Warren from further participating in the debate on Sessions' nomination for United States Attorney General. Instead, she stepped into a nearby room and continued reading King's letter while streaming live on the Internet.[96][97]

Committee assignments

Political positions

According to the UK magazine New Statesman, Warren is among the "top 20 US progressives".[98]

In December, 2016, Warren announced plans to introduce a bill to address future president Donald Trump's perceived conflicts of interest related to his business empire. Under her proposed bill Donald Trump could face impeachment if he fails to declare conflicts of interest between his presidential role and his business interests. Warren states, "The only way for President-elect Trump to truly eliminate conflicts-of-interest is to divest his financial interests and place them in a blind trust. This has been the standard for previous presidents, and our bill makes clear the continuing expectation that President-elect Trump do the same."[99] On January 9, 2017, the Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act, was first read in the Senate.[100]

2018 election

On January 6, 2017, in an e-mail to supporters, Warren announced that she would be running for a second term as US Senator from Massachusetts. She wrote in the e-mail, "The people of Massachusetts didn't send me to Washington to roll over and play dead while Donald Trump and his team of billionaires, bigots, and Wall Street bankers crush the working people of our Commonwealth and this country," and "This is no time to quit."[101]

2016 Presidential run speculation

Warren campaigning for Hillary Clinton (seated) in Manchester, New Hampshire in October 2016

In the run-up to the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Warren's name was put forward by liberal Democrats as a possible presidential candidate. However, Warren repeatedly stated that she was not running for President in 2016.[6][7][8][102][103] In October 2013, she joined with the other fifteen Senate Democratic women in signing a letter that encouraged Hillary Clinton to run.[104][105] There was much speculation about Warren being added to the Democratic ticket as a vice-presidential candidate.[106][107][108] On June 9, 2016, after the California Democratic primary, Warren formally endorsed Hillary Clinton for president. In response to questions when she endorsed Clinton, Warren said that she believed herself to be ready to be vice president, but she was not being vetted.[109] On July 7, CNN reported that Warren was on a five-person shortlist to be Clinton's vice-presidential running mate.[109][110][111] However, Clinton eventually chose Tim Kaine.

Warren took an active role in the 2016 presidential elections, pointing to Donald Trump, the then Republican presumptive nominee, as dishonest, uncaring of people and "a loser".[112][113][114] She also criticized Trump for his stance on the Trump University case, calling him a "loud, nasty, thin-skinned fraud who has never risked anything for anyone and serves nobody but himself."[115][116][117]

Honors and awards

Warren at the 2009 Time 100 Gala

In 2009, The Boston Globe named her the Bostonian of the Year[21] and the Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts honored her with the Lelia J. Robinson Award.[118] She was named one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2009, 2010 and 2015.[119] The National Law Journal repeatedly has named Warren as one of the Fifty Most Influential Women Attorneys in America,[120] and in 2010 it honored her as one of the 40 most influential attorneys of the decade.[121] In 2011, Warren was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame.[122] In January 2012, Warren was named one of the "top 20 US progressives" by the British New Statesman magazine.[98]

In 2009, Warren became the first professor in Harvard's history to win the law school's The Sacks–Freund Teaching Award for a second time.[123] In 2011, she delivered the commencement address at the Rutgers School of Law–Newark, where she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree and was conferred membership in the Order of the Coif.[124]

Books and other works

Warren and her daughter Amelia Tyagi wrote The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke. Warren and Tyagi point out that a fully employed worker today earns less inflation-adjusted income than a fully employed worker did 30 years ago. Although families spend less today on clothing, appliances, and other consumption, the costs of core expenses such as mortgages, health care, transportation, and child care have increased dramatically. The result is that even with two income earners, families are no longer able to save and have incurred greater and greater debt.[125]

In an article in The New York Times, Jeff Madrick said of the book:

The authors find that it is not the free-spending young or the incapacitated elderly who are declaring bankruptcy so much as families with children ... their main thesis is undeniable. Typical families often cannot afford the high-quality education, health care, and neighborhoods required to be middle class today. More clearly than anyone else, I think, Ms. Warren and Ms. Tyagi have shown how little attention the nation and our government have paid to the way Americans really live.[126]

In 2005, Warren and David Himmelstein published a study on bankruptcy and medical bills,[127] which found that half of all families filing for bankruptcy did so in the aftermath of a serious medical problem. They say that three-quarters of such families had medical insurance.[128] This study was widely cited in policy debates, although some have challenged the study's methods and offered alternative interpretations of the data, suggesting that only seventeen percent of bankruptcies are directly attributable to medical expenses.[129]

Warren's book A Fighting Chance was published by Metropolitan Books in April 2014.[130] According to a review published in The Boston Globe, "[t]he book's title refers to a time she says is now gone, when even families of modest means who worked hard and played by the rules had at a fair shot at the American dream."[131]

In April 2017, Warren published her eleventh book titled, This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America’s Middle Class, where she explores the plight of the American middle class and argues that the federal government needs to do more to help out working famalies with stronger social programs and increased investment in education.[132]

Publications

Electoral history

U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, 2012
Party Candidate Votes % +%
Democratic Elizabeth Warren 1,696,346 53.7%
Republican Scott Brown (inc.) 1,458,048 46.2%
Write-ins Write-ins 2,159 0.1%

In 2016, faithless electors from Washington and Hawaii each cast a vote for her for Vice President.[133]

Warren appeared in season two of the documentary Makers: Women Who Make America (2014), specifically in episode 6, "Women in Politics".[134][135]

In 2017, Kate McKinnon played Warren on Saturday Night Live.[136]

In June 2016, a Brooklyn based company named FCTRY started a Kickstarter campaign to produce an Elizabeth Warren action figure. The prototype has a clenched upraised fist, a red blazer, and rimless glasses that comes in a box with Nevertheless, She Persisted.[137]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ All reports and videos are available online at cop.senate.gov.

References

  1. ↑ Ebbert/Levenson, Stephanie/Michael (August 18, 2012). "For Professor Warren, a steep climb". The Boston Globe. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  2. ↑ Dennis, Brady (August 13, 2010). "Elizabeth Warren, likely to head new consumer agency, provokes strong feelings". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  3. 1 2 Brian Leiter, Top 25 Law Faculties In Scholarly Impact, 2005–2009
  4. ↑ "Group boosting Elizabeth Warren widening rifts in Democratic Party — Politics". The Boston Globe. December 16, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  5. ↑ "It's Elizabeth Warren's Party. Barack Obama Is Just Living in It.". National Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  6. 1 2 Scheiber, Noam (November 10, 2013). "Elizabeth Warren is Hillary Clinton's Nightmare". The New Republic. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  7. 1 2 Blake, Aaron. "Why Elizabeth Warren is perfectly positioned for 2016 (if she wanted to run)". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. 1 2 Eun Kyung Kim (March 31, 2015). "Elizabeth Warren on 2016: 'I'm not going to run' — and Hillary Clinton deserves 'a chance to decide'". Today News. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Elizabeth Warren: 'I'm Still Cheering Bernie On'" by Jake Johnson, Slant, March 25 2016
  10. ↑ "Who and When Will Warren Endorse?". US News & World Report. 2016-02-08. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  11. ↑ "Law School Faculty Member Profile: Elizabeth Warren". LexisNexis Martindale-Hubbell. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
  12. ↑ Packer, George (2013). The Unwinding, an inner history of the New America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-374-10241-8.
  13. ↑ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Elizabeth Warren". US News & World Report. October 4, 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  14. 1 2 Noah Bierman (February 12, 2012). "A girl who soared, but longed to belong — Page 2". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  15. 1 2 3 Andrews, Suzanna (November 2011). "The Woman Who Knew Too Much". Vanity Fair.
  16. 1 2 3 Packer, George (2013). The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-374-10241-8.
  17. ↑ Packer, George (2013). The Unwinding, an inner history of the New America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-10241-8.
  18. ↑ "Elizabeth Warren". The Huffington Post.
  19. 1 2 3 Packer, George (2013). The Unwinding, an inner history of the New America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-374-10241-8.
  20. 1 2 "Warren Winning Means No Sale If You Can't Explain It". Bloomberg. November 19, 2009.
  21. 1 2 Pierce, Charles (December 20, 2009). "Bostonian of the Year". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 23, 2009.
  22. ↑ Charles P. Pierce, "The Watchdog: Elizabeth Warren", The Boston Globe Sunday Magazine, December 20, 2009. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  23. ↑ Elizabeth Warren's curriculum vitae. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Elizabeth Warren biography". The Biography Channel. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  25. ↑ "Educators endorse Elizabeth Warren for the U.S. Senate". massteacher.org. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  26. ↑ TCTA. "Educator Certification Overview". Texas Classroom Teachers Association. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Kreisler, Harry (March 8, 2007). "Conversation with Elizabeth Warren". Conversations with History. Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
  28. 1 2 Kim, Mallie Jane (October 4, 2010). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Elizabeth Warren". U.S. News and World Report.
  29. ↑ "Elizabeth Warren's family". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2016-06-11.
  30. ↑ Lee, MJ (April 16, 2014). "Elizabeth Warren: ‘I was hurt, and I was angry’". Politico. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
  31. ↑ Elizabeth Warren: 'I Created Occupy Wall Street' The Daily Beast 2011/10/24
  32. 1 2 Warren, Elizabeth (2008). "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Harvard Law School.
  33. 1 2 Neyfakh, Leon (October 22, 2011). "Elizabeth Warren's unorthodox career". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  34. ↑ Brian Leiter (May 1, 2012). "Right-Wing Crazy Obsession Du Jour: Elizabeth Warren Claimed to be Native American". (Author is a Chicago Law School Professor.)
  35. ↑ National Bankruptcy Review Commission Review fact sheet, revised August 12, 1997.
  36. ↑ Andrews, Suzanna (November 2011). "The Woman Who Knew Too Much". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  37. ↑ Sahadi, Jeanne "The new bankruptcy law and you". CNNMoney.com, October 17, 2005. Retrieved April 12, 2007.
  38. ↑ "Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion (ComE-IN)". FDIC..
  39. ↑ "Committees". National Bankruptcy Conference.
    • "Mission". National Bankruptcy Conference.
  40. ↑ "President Obama Names Elizabeth Warren Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau". Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  41. ↑ Pooja Nair (2014). "Insights from Professor Warren: Analyzing Elizabeth Warren's Academic Career". Bloomberg Law. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Elizabeth Warren on Charlie Rose". May 11, 2009."Elizabeth Warren on Charlie Rose". March 4, 2010.
  43. ↑ "Elizabeth Warren on the Daily Show". April 15, 2009. "Elizabeth Warren on the Daily Show". January 28, 2010.
  44. ↑ Host: Terry Gross (December 11, 2008). "What Does $700 Billion Buy Taxpayers?". Fresh Air from WHYY. National Public Radio. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
  45. ↑ Kantor, Jodi (March 25, 2010). "Behind Consumer Agency Idea, a Tireless Advocate". The New York Times.
  46. ↑ "President Obama Names Elizabeth Warren Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau". White House. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  47. ↑ Andrew, Suzanna (November 2011). "The Woman Who Knew Too Much". Vanity Fair. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  48. ↑ Wyatt, Edward (July 4, 2011). "An Agency Builder, but Not Yet Its Leader". The New York Times. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  49. ↑ Rosenthal, Andres (December 8, 2011). "Lousy Filibusters: Richard Cordray Edition". The New York Times.
  50. 1 2 Katharine K. Seelye, A New Senator, Known Nationally and Sometimes Feared The New York Times November 10, 2012.
  51. ↑ Cooper, Helene (January 4, 2012). "Defying Republicans, Obama to Name Cordray as Consumer Agency Chief". The New York Times. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  52. ↑ Goodnough, Abby. "Times Topics: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection". The New York Times.
  53. ↑ Randall, Maya Jackson (September 14, 2011). "Warren Kicks Off Senate Campaign". The Wall Street Journal.
  54. ↑ Helderman, Rosalind S.; Weiner, Rachel (September 14, 2011). "Consumer advocate Elizabeth Warren launches US Senate campaign with tour of Massachusetts". The Washington Post.
  55. ↑ Sargent, Greg (September 21, 2011). "Class warfare, Elizabeth Warren style". The Washington Post.
  56. ↑ Benen, Steve (September 21, 2011). "The underlying social contract". Washington Monthly.
  57. ↑ Smerconish, Michael (July 30, 2012). "The context behind Obama's 'you didn't build that'". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  58. ↑ Kessler, Glenn (July 23, 2012). "An unoriginal Obama quote, taken out of context". The Fact Checker blog at The Washington Post. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
  59. 1 2 Chabot, Hillary (April 27, 2012). "Harvard trips on roots of Elizabeth Warren's family tree". Boston Herald. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  60. 1 2 Carmichael, Mary (May 25, 2012). "Filings raise more questions on Warren's ethnic claims". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  61. 1 2 Ebbert, Stephanie (April 30, 2012). "Directories identified Warren as minority". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013.
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  67. ↑ Jacobs, Sally (September 16, 2012). "Elizabeth Warren's family has mixed memories about heritage". The Boston Globe. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  68. ↑ MJ Lee (April 18, 2014), "Elizabeth Warren: 'I was hurt, and I was angry'", The Politico.
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  71. ↑ Steve LeBlanc, In Mass. US Senate race, a question of heritage, Associated Press (April 30, 2012).
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  80. ↑ Montopoli, Brian (December 12, 2012). "Elizabeth Warren assigned to Senate banking committee". CBS News.
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  84. ↑ Erika Eichelberger (May 14, 2013). "Elizabeth Warren to Obama Administration: Take the Banks to Court, Already!". Mother Jones. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
  85. ↑ Webley, K. (May 10, 2013). "Elizabeth Warren: Students Should Get the Same Rate as the Bankers". Time. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  86. ↑ Bernie Sanders (May 17, 2013). "Student Loans". United States Senate. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
  87. ↑ Drum, Kevin (November 13, 2014) – "Elizabeth Warren Gets a Promotion – Or Does She?". Mother Jones. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  88. ↑ Terkel, Amanda & Grim, Ryan (November 13, 2014) – "Elizabeth Warren Gets Senate Democratic Leadership Spot". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
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  91. ↑ "Senators Warren, McCain, Cantwell and King Introduce 21st Century Glass- Steagall Act". Elizabeth Warren U.S. Senator for Massachusetts. July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  92. ↑ "Wells Fargo boss urged to resign over accounts scandal". BBC News. September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
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  94. ↑ McGrane, Victoria (December 14, 2016). "Warren raises foreign policy profile with Armed Services assignment".
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  100. ↑ "All Bill Information (Except Text) for S.65 – A bill to address financial conflicts of interest of the President and Vice President.". Retrieved 10 January 2017.
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  122. ↑ "Elizabeth Warren Bio" (PDF). Oklahoma Hall of Fame. 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
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