Elephas
- Distinguish from Elaphus (disambiguation).
| Elephas Temporal range: Pliocene to present | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Asian Elephant | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Proboscidea |
| Family: | Elephantidae |
| Tribe: | Elephantini |
| Genus: | Elephas Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Species | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Hypselephas | |
Elephas is one of two surviving genera in the family of elephants, Elephantidae, with one surviving species, the Asian elephant Elephas maximus.[1]
Several extinct species have been identified as belonging to the genus, including Elephas recki, Elephas antiquus, and the dwarf elephants E. falconeri and E. cypriotes. The genus is very closely related to the mammoth genus Mammuthus.[2]
Taxonomy
Elephas is assigned to the proboscidean family Elephantidae and comprises one living and 10 extinct species:[3]
- Elephas maximus – Asian elephant[1]
- Elephas maximus indicus – Indian elephant
- Elephas maximus maximus – Sri Lankan elephant
- Elephas maximus sumatranus – Sumatran elephant
- Elephas maximus borneensis – Borneo elephant, proposed but not yet recognized as valid;[4]
- Elephas maximus sondaicus Javan elephant, possibly extinct
- Elephas maximus rubridens – Chinese elephant †
- Elephas maximus asurus – Syrian elephant †
- Elephas beyeri † – described from fossil remains found in 1911 in Luzon, Philippines by von Königswald;[5]
- Elephas celebensis † – Sulawesi dwarf elephant, described from southern Celebes by Hooijer in 1949;[6]
- Elephas ekorensis † – described from the Kubi Algi Formation, Turkana, Kenya;[3]
- Elephas hysudricus † – described from fossil remains found in the Siwalik hills by Falconer and Cautley, 1845;[7]
- Elephas hysudrindicus † – is a fossil elephant of the Pleistocene of Java and different from Elephas maximus;[8]
- Elephas iolensis †
- Elephas platycephalus †
References
- 1 2 Shoshani, J. (2005). "Order Proboscidea". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ↑ Fleischer, R. C.; Perry, E. A.; Muralidharan, K.; Stevens, E. E.; Wemmer, C. M. (2001). Phylogeography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA. Evolution 55(9): 1882–1892
- 1 2 Maglio, V.J. (1973). Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia Volume 63. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Pp. 149
- ↑ Fernando, P., Vidya, T.N.C., Payne, J., Stuewe, M., Davison, G., et al. (2003). DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation. PLoS Biol 1 (1): e6
- ↑ Von Königswald, G.H.R. (1956). Fossil mammals from the Philippines. National Research Council of the Philippines, Manila
- ↑ Hooijer, D.A. (1949). Pleistocene Vertebrates from Celebes. IV. - Archidiskodon celebensis nov spec.. Zoologische Mededelingen Museum Leiden, 30 (14): 205–226.
- ↑ Falconer, H. Cautley, P. T. (1846). Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, Being the Fossil Zoology of the Sewalik Hills. Smith, Elder & Company, London. Pp. 64.
- ↑ Hooijer, D. A. (1955). Fossil Proboscidea from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 28 (1): 1–146.
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