Electron-transferring flavoprotein

Electron transfer flavoprotein domain

electron transfer flavoprotein (etf) from paracoccus denitrificans
Identifiers
Symbol ETF
Pfam PF01012
Pfam clan CL0039
InterPro IPR014730
PROSITE PDOC00583
SCOP 1efv
SUPERFAMILY 1efv
Electron transfer flavoprotein FAD-binding domain

structure of electron transferring flavoprotein for methylophilus methylotrophus.
Identifiers
Symbol ETF_alpha
Pfam PF00766
Pfam clan CL0085
InterPro IPR014731
PROSITE PDOC00583
SCOP 1efv
SUPERFAMILY 1efv

An electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or electron transfer flavoprotein complex (CETF) is a flavoprotein located on the matrix face of the inner mitochondrial membrane and functions as a specific electron acceptor for primary dehydrogenases, transferring the electrons to terminal respiratory systems such as electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase. They can be functionally classified into constitutive, "housekeeping" ETFs, mainly involved in the oxidation of fatty acids (Group I), and ETFs produced by some prokaryotes under specific growth conditions, receiving electrons only from the oxidation of specific substrates (Group II).[1]

ETFs are heterodimeric proteins composed of an alpha and beta subunit (ETFA and ETFB), and contain an FAD cofactor and AMP.[2][3] ETF consists of three domains: domains I and II are formed by the N- and C-terminal portions of the alpha subunit, respectively, while domain III is formed by the beta subunit. Domains I and III share an almost identical alpha-beta-alpha sandwich fold, while domain II forms an alpha-beta-alpha sandwich similar to that of bacterial flavodoxins. FAD is bound in a cleft between domains II and III, while domain III binds the AMP molecule. Interactions between domains I and III stabilise the protein, forming a shallow bowl where domain II resides.

Mutation in ETFs can lead to deficiency of passing reducing equivalent of FADH2 to electron transport chain, causing Glutaric acidemia type 2

See also

References

  1. ↑ Weidenhaupt M, Rossi P, Beck C, Fischer HM, Hennecke H (1996). "Bradyrhizobium japonicum possesses two discrete sets of electron transfer flavoprotein genes: fixA, fixB and etfS, etfL". Arch. Microbiol. 165 (3): 169–78. PMID 8599534. doi:10.1007/s002030050312.
  2. ↑ Tsai MH, Saier MH (1995). "Phylogenetic characterization of the ubiquitous electron transfer flavoprotein families ETF-alpha and ETF-beta". Res. Microbiol. 146 (5): 397–404. PMID 8525056. doi:10.1016/0923-2508(96)80285-3.
  3. ↑ Roberts DL, Frerman FE, Kim JJ (1996). "Three-dimensional structure of human electron transfer flavoprotein to 2.1-A resolution". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (25): 14355–60. PMC 26136 Freely accessible. PMID 8962055. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14355.
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