Elections in Mexico

Mexico

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Elections Recent major elections General: 2006 2012 2018 Legislative: 2003 2009 2015 Gubernatorial: 2010 Federal Electoral Institute
Political parties Institutional Revolutionary National Action Democratic Revolution Labor Party Ecologist Green Citizens' Movement New Alliance
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Elections in Mexico determine who, on the national level, takes the position of the head of state – the president – as well as the legislature.

The President of Mexico is elected for a six-year term by the people. The candidate who wins the most votes is elected president even if he or she does not have an absolute majority.

Since no President can serve more than a single term in office, every presidential election in Mexico is a non-incumbent election.

The Congress of the Union (Congreso de la Unión) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) has 500 members, elected for a three-year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-seat constituencies by plurality, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in 5 multi-state, 40-seat constituencies.^[1] The 200 PR-seats are distributed generally without taking account the 300 plurality-seats (Parallel voting), but since 1996 a party cannot get more seats overall than 8% above its result for the PR-seats (a party must win 42% of the votes for the PR-seats to achieve an overall majority). There are two exceptions on this rule: first, a party can only lose PR-seats due to this rule (and no plurality-seats); second, a party can never get more than 300 seats overall (even if it has more than 52% of the votes for the PR-seats).

The Chamber of Senators (Cámara de Senadores) has 128 members, elected for a six-year term, 96 of them in three-seat constituencies (corresponding to the nation's 31 states and one Federal District) and 32 by proportional representation on a nationwide basis.^[2] In the state constituencies, two seats are awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first runner-up.

At the local level, each of Mexico's 31 constituent states elects a governor to serve a six-year term; they also elect legislative deputies who sit in state congresses, and municipal presidents (presidentes municipales, or mayors). The Federal District (Mexico City) elects a Head of Government in lieu of a mayor, district assemblymen in lieu of state congressional deputies, and borough heads in lieu of municipal presidents.

Mexico has a multi-party system, with three dominant political parties, prior to 2000 Mexico had a Dominant-party system dominated by the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and a number of smaller ones. Alliances and coalitions are common; normally, they are local (state) affairs and involve one of the big three and any number of minor parties; on extraordinary occasions, two of the big three will ally themselves against the third (see, for example, 2003 Colima state election or 2004 Chihuahua state election).^[3]

Schedule

Election

Position	2018	2019	2021	2022
Type	Presidential (July) National Congress (June)	None	Gubernatorial (October) National Congress (July)	None
President and vice president	President and vice president	None
National Congress	All seats	None	All seats	None
Provinces, cities and municipalities	None		All positions	None

Inauguration

Position	2018	2019	2021	2022
Type	Presidential (December) National Congress (December)	None	Gubernatorial (December) National Congress (December)	None
President and vice president	1 December	None
National Congress	1 December	None	1 December	None
Provinces, cities and municipalities	None		1 December	None

Federal elections

Latest elections

2012 General election

Presidential election

Candidate	Party	Votes	%
Enrique Peña Nieto	Institutional Revolutionary Party	18,727,398	38.15
Andrés Manuel López Obrador	Party of the Democratic Revolution	15,535,117	31.64
Josefina Vázquez Mota	National Action Party	12,473,106	25.40
Gabriel Quadri de la Torre	New Alliance Party	1,129,108	2.36
Non-registered candidates		31,660	0.07
Invalid/blank votes		1,191,057	–
Total		49,087,446	100
Registered voters/turnout		77,738,494	63.1
Source: PREP (98.95% of polling stations reporting)

Chamber of Deputies election

Total	48,673,937	100	200	48,768,591	100	300	500	0
Registered voters/turnout	77,547,511	62.76	–	77,547,511	62.44	–	–	–
Source: PREP (98.79% of polling stations reporting)

Senate election

Party	Proportional representation			Constituency			Total seats	+/–
Party	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Total seats	+/–
Institutional Revolutionary Party	15,679,729	33.1	11	17,119,854	37.3	46	57	+19
National Action Party	13,245,088	27.9	9	12,783,068	27.8	29	38	–14
Party of the Democratic Revolution	9,353,879	19.7	6	13,288,983	28.9	17	23	–13
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico	2,881,923	6.1	2	867,056	1.9	2	4	+4
Labor Party	2,339,923	4.9	2	–	–	2	4	+4
Citizens' Movement	2,025,045	4.3	1	–	–	–	1	+1
New Alliance Party (Mexico)	1,855,403	3.9	1	1,796,816	3.9	0	1	0
Non-registered candidates	32,567	0.1	0	51,936	0.11	0
Invalid/blank votes	2,897,668	–	–	2,701,179	–	–	–	–
Total	50,310,328	100	32	48,608,892	100	96	128	0
Registered voters/turnout	77,651,019	64.8	–	77,651,019	62.3	–	–	–
Source: Adam Carr

Past elections

Elections in Mexico
Presidential elections	1917 1920 1924 1928 1929 1934 1940 1946 1952 1958 1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006 2012 2018
Legislative elections	1824 1828 1833 1837 1842 1848 1850 1853 1857 1861 1867 1871 1872 1876 1877 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1910 1912 1917 1920 1924 1928 1929 1934 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018
State elections	2013
Referendums	1854 1863 1867 1995 1998 1999

State elections

References

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