Eldonia

Eldonia
Temporal range: Cambrian Stage 3–Middle Ordovician
Eldonia ludwigii from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Superphylum: Ambulacraria
(unranked): Cambroernida
Family: Eldoniidae
Walcott 1911
(unranked): Paropsonemida
Genus: Eldonia
Species:
  • E. ludwigii Walcott 1911
  • E. eumorpha Sun & Hou 1987
  • E. berbera ALESSANDRELLO 2003[1]
Synonyms
  • Yunnanomedusa[2]
  • Stellostomites[2]

Eldonia is an extinct soft-bodied cambroernid animal of unknown affinity,[3] best known from the Fossil Ridge outcrops of the Burgess Shale, particularly in the 'Great Eldonia layer' in the Walcott Quarry.[4] In addition to the 550 collected by Walcott,[5] 224 specimens of Eldonia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.43% of the community.[6] Species also occur in the Chengjiang biota,[2] and in Upper Ordovician strata of Morocco.

Walcott's original interpretation as a holothurian was rapidly disputed.[7] Alternative affinities to be suggested, which did not stand the test of time, included the siphonophores[8][9][10] and a coelenterate medusa.[11]

It takes the form of a round, medusoid disk (which originally led to suggestions of a jellyfish affinity)[12] with a C-shaped gut trace. The gut is recalcitrant and can be extracted using Hydrofluoric acid.[13] The organism is frequently found in association with the lobopod Microdictyon, which is presumed to have fed on Eldonia.[14]

The eldoniids form a clade that also includes Paropsonema, Rotadiscus, and Stellostomites.[15]

References

  1. ↑ ALESSANDRELLO Anna; A BRACCHI Giacomo (2003). "Eldonia berbera n. sp., a new species of the enigmatic genus Eldonia Walcott, 1911 from the Rawtheyan (Upper Ordovician) of little Atlas (Erfoud, Tafilalt, Morocco)". Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale in Milano. Milano, ITALIE: Società italiana di scienze naturali. 144 (2): 337–358. ISSN 0037-8844.
  2. 1 2 3 CHEN, J-Y.; M-Y. ZHU,; G. Q. ZHOU (1995). "The early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte." (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 40: 213–244.
  3. ↑ Signor, P. W.; Vermeij, G. J. (1 July 1994). "The Plankton and the Benthos: Origins and Early History of an Evolving Relationship". Paleobiology. 20 (3): 259–406. ISSN 0094-8373. JSTOR 2401005.
  4. ↑ Gabbott, S. E.; Zalasiewicz, J.; Collins, D. (2008). "Sedimentation of the Phyllopod Bed within the Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation of British Columbia". Journal of the Geological Society. 165: 307–318. doi:10.1144/0016-76492007-023.
  5. ↑ Durham, J. W. (1974). "Systematic Position of Eldonia ludwigi Walcott". Journal of Paleontology. Paleontological Society. 48 (4): 750–755. JSTOR 1303225. doi:10.2307/1303225 (inactive 2017-01-15).
  6. ↑ Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS. 21 (5): 451–65. JSTOR 20173022. doi:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R.
  7. ↑ Clark, H. L. (1912). "Fossil Holothurians". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 35 (894): 274–278. JSTOR 1638409. PMID 17809248. doi:10.1126/science.35.894.274-a.
  8. ↑ Madsen, F. J. (1957). "On Walcott's Supposed Cambrian Holothurians". Journal of Paleontology. Paleontological Society. 31 (1): 281–282. JSTOR 1300523. doi:10.2307/1300523 (inactive 2017-01-15).
  9. ↑ MADSEN, F. J. (1962). "The systematic position of the Middle Cambrian fossil Eldonia" (PDF). Medd. Dan. Geol. Foren. 15: 87–89.
  10. ↑ MADSEN, F. J. (1956). "Eldonia, a Cambrian Siphonophore-formerly interpreted as a Holoturian[sic].". Videnskabelige meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk forening i Københaven. 118: 7–14.
  11. ↑ Lemche, Henning (1960). "A possible central place for Stenethecoides Resser, 1939 and Cambridium Horny, 1957 (Mollusca Monoplacophora) in invertebrate phylogeny.". Rep. Int. Geol. Congr. XXI Session, Norden (Pt. 22): 92–101.
  12. ↑ Jun-yuan, C.; Mao-yan, Z.; Gui-qing, Z.; Signogneau-russell, D.; Hahn, R.; Koz{l}owska-dawidziuk, A.; Stefaniak, K. (1995), "The Early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chenjiang Lagerstätte" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 40 (3): 213–244, retrieved 2009-08-12
  13. ↑ Butterfield, N. J. (1 July 1990). "Organic Preservation of Non-Mineralizing Organisms and the Taphonomy of the Burgess Shale". Paleobiology. Paleontological Society. 16 (3): 247–399. ISSN 0094-8373. JSTOR 2400788.
  14. ↑ Zhang, X-G; Hou, X-G (Dec 2007). "Gravitational Constraints on the Burial of Chengjiang Fossils". PALAIOS. 22 (6): 513–518. ISSN 0172-4622. doi:10.2110/palo.2006.p06-085r.
  15. ↑ Caron, J.; Conway Morris, S.; Shu, D.; Soares, D. (2010). Soares, Daphne, ed. "Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9586. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9586C. PMC 2833208 Freely accessible. PMID 20221405. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009586.
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