Elan aqueduct

Elan aqueduct on the Deepwood Dingle Crossing, Bringewood

The Elan aqueduct crosses Wales and the Midlands of England, running eastwards from the Elan Valley Reservoirs in Mid Wales to Birmingham's Frankley Reservoir, carrying drinking water for Birmingham.[1]

It delivers enormous quantities of water by gravity across the mid-Wales countryside, through north Herefordshire, south Shropshire and into the West Midlands through eleven major river valleys. The aqueduct is 73 miles (117 km) long, down which the water travels at less than two miles per hour, taking one-and-a-half days to get to Birmingham.

Construction

View over the aqueduct as it crosses the River Severn

Work on the first 13 miles (21 km) of the route from the Elan Valley was started in June 1896 by Birmingham Corporation Water Department. The aqueduct was built in sections by outside contractors, using three types of construction depending on the nature of the terrain it had to cross. "Cut and cover" was essentially a brick lined channel which was manually dug as a trench, then roofed over and concealed underground. Where the route of the aqueduct encountered high ground above the gradient needed to maintain the downward slope, a certain amount of tunnelling was required, using the same type of channel as above. This totalled around 12 miles (19 km), with the longest single length being just over 4 miles (6.4 km). The third construction type was the use of either bridged aqueducts or inverted syphons to cross valleys and rivers where the ground level dropped too steeply for the required hydraulic gradient to be maintained. The pipeline was continued at the other side of the valley at the same height as the delivery pipe. With the inverted syphon technique, the water naturally fills the lower section of pipe due to the head of water and flow continues downstream.

The aqueduct over the River Severn

The initial scheme opened in 1906 with two 42in-diameter pipes. Two more pipes of 60in diameter were added between 1919 and 1961.

Engineer

The engineer for the Elan aqueduct scheme was James Mansergh.

Route

The route is Caban Coch (52°15′51″N 3°35′52″W / 52.264032°N 3.597665°W / 52.264032; -3.597665) via Elan Valley, Rhayader, Dolau, Knighton, Leintwardine, Downton on the Rock, Ludlow, Knowbury, Cleobury Mortimer, Bewdley and Hagley to Frankley (52°25′21″N 2°00′05″W / 52.422451°N 2.001329°W / 52.422451; -2.001329).

Features

Pediment of valve house with "Birmingham Corporation Water" wording

The aqueduct and its related features are visible[2] at:

Some crossings over canals and railways have been replaced by buried pipes.[27][26] The line of the buried aqueduct through woodland is marked by a 20 metres (66 ft) "exclusion zone" from which trees are removed.[27]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Powys Digital History Project: Elan Valley Dams". Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  2. ↑ Bing aerial imagery; OpenStreetMap; names from OS 1st Edition. Note: for linear features, coordinates are given for the Western, upstream, end.
  3. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Water Pipeline (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  4. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Valve House (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  5. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Nantmel Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  6. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Carmel Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  7. ↑ Mr M Evison. "The Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  8. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Observatory Point on The Elan Valley... (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  9. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Surveying Point On The Elan Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  10. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Hidden Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  11. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Valve House on The Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  12. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Access To Water (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  13. ↑ Richard Webb. "Under Park Bank (C) Richard Webb :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  14. ↑ Ian Capper. "Route of Elan Aqueduct (C) Ian Capper :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  15. ↑ Ian Capper. "Line of Elan Aqueduct (C) Ian Capper :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  16. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Hidden Valve House (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  17. ↑ ""THE BIRMINGHAM WATERWORKS." Lecture by JAMES MANSERGH, President of the Congress.". International Engineering Congress 1901 : Glasgow. Report of the proceedings and abstracts of the papers read. 1901.
  18. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Water Pipeline access Point (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  19. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Concrete Pillar (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  20. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Valve House (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  21. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  22. ↑ Mr M Evison. "Elan Valley Aqueduct (C) Mr M Evison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  23. ↑ Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct siphon at Wolverley... (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  24. ↑ Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct siphon (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  25. ↑ Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct siphon (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  26. 1 2 Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct crossing the railway (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
  27. 1 2 Simon Jobson. "Elan Aqueduct crossing the Staffordshire... (C) Simon Jobson :: Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.