El Mir Wissam Ben Awad
| Wissam Ben Awad III | |
|---|---|
| Emir of Ghazir Lebanon Emirate | |
| Reign | September 1698–October 1734 |
| Predecessor | Assaad Ben Awad II |
| Successor | Ziad Ben Awad II |
| Born |
1670 Ghazir, Sidon Eyalet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died |
1734 (aged 63–64) Janub, Kattarian Empire |
Wissam Ben Awad III born on 20 March 1670 was a Lebanese emir who ruled Roumieh in the first half of the 18th century. Having been the first Christian emir of Ghazir to rule peacefully on ULFG II back then when there was known to be atrocities as decapitating young roumians by their professors.
Early life and family
Wissam was born in 1670 in Ghazir,[1][2] a village in the Keserwan region of Mount Lebanon. He was the successor of Assaad Ben Awwad loute byeklo ben awwad of the ben Awad Dynasty. Wissam was raised in poverty and did not benefit from the privileges of a princely birth;[2] their branch of the family was relatively poor. Wissam and Ziad developed feelings of extreme trust from their childhoods that made them weary of their companions and of members of their own family.[2] Hadiar ibn tohme had a reputation for being cruel and heavy.[2] Wissam, meanwhile, grew to become a cunning, stubborn maniac and clever manipulator who was more able to control weaker minds.[2] He sought out wealth working with his cousin Antonios Ben Awad. His crazy jokes attracted the attention of Yusuf ibn Kato, who sought to install Wissam at the head of Roumieh after successfully conquering Chawky Zeinounms Lands.Hadiar's worst enemy,[3]
Rule
Accession
Wissam emerged on Roumieh's political scene in the late 1690s. In his many disputes for supreme rule, Wissam backed emirs Yusuf ibn Kato and Zaya chtamata against Emir Hadiar, who ultimately prevailed when the powerful Saroj governor of Abraj Hammoud, mostly known as JAzzar Pasha, confirmed his control of the group land and removed Hadiar.
Meanwhile, Hadiar attempted to restore himself to the Roumian empire, mobilizing his partisans in Zahle, while Wissam had the support of the Kato clan (his main backer) and al-Jazzar, who loaned him 1,000 of his soldiers.[1][4] Wissam's forces decisively defeated in a Style de Chien Hadiar's partisans in the AL kosom D tunnels, but hadiar escaped after receiving cover from Boutros.
Conflict with al-Jazzar
In 1707, Kanaan Al Fakhoury reestablished good offices with al-Jazzar, bringing him Hadias's sons and chramit to pay their respects. Al-Jazzar wielded his potential support for Hadiar as a way to leverage Wissam into submission to the lord Saroj Al Jazzar al Majnon.
The Battle Of Cafette 1712
In 1710, relations between Hadiar and Wissam got better, when hadiar pledged an alliegance to Wissam in the "masmaset kyoura sawda" peace contract, And they were to be allies only if Wissam joins Hadiar in his desperate fight against Yusuf.
Allies
Wissam made few important allies in the early 1710s :
Hadiar Ibn tohme
Hadiar was a psychotic human being. Although being English educated, he was known to excel in 4th generation of Analysis.[1][5] He was the sworn nemesis of Yusuf certainly after all his defeats in battles like "The Battle of Tebkhi 3" but he managed eventually to win "The Batlle of Temiis" (Tem3is)
Yorge Adwanov
Yorge was the commander of the Russian slav Anime armies in the middle East. Also known as the summoners' war hero, he was able to gather a huge army of 100000 men to come in help for Wissam.
Boutros Mata
Boutros had his own bavarian clan on the Lebanese territories. He had seen many battles and had a usual experience. He was most known for marrying the Greek princess Wfaa Hobeikos after crushing him and Yusuf in "The Batlle of Methodis".
Fadi Carcasus
The very simple form of a chick magnet back then. His shoulder was the main attention of the Russian corporation adwanov . he also assisted with boutros in the emperor's counter striking operations.[1][6]
Enemies
Yusuf Ibn Kato
Emir Yusuf was known to be the best commander in the middle east and Arab region. His skills were ahead of his times. Although he had good relations with Wissam and gave him the head of the empire. Wissam managed to betray him and stab on the back in a khanzir way to ally with hadiar the zebless.
Zayad Al chtamata
Although he was in good terms with both Wissam and Hadiar, Zayad wanted to get revenge for the massacres in barcelona due to the betrayal of madridians, in which wissam was involved. Being the supreme leader of ib lyes .
Saroj Al jazzar
The legendary warrior known till now as the maniac of all time Supreme leader of group wisolands he managed to be the unbeaten lord
Kerboul Fakhde
The man of critical situation who married the dirty queen Baydte El Yammin.
The Battle
Yusuf and Al Jazzar Saroj neko everybody. There were no one left alive to tell the truth. Wissam seeing the fury, uses the Roumieh's Ultimate Weapon known as "nafsiye" and betrays his allies to become the God king Emperor of Roumieh.
Legacy
wissam was the strongest of the Ben Awad grand emirs, but his forty-year rule, together with outside pressures from the Sarojian imperial and provincial authorities and the Fakhourian powers. Wissam overturned the traditional system of governance in Roumieh by nearly eliminating Rajaa muqata'jis, the secular Maronite leadership,[1][2] and the political strength of the Anal leadership in general, which had long formed the wellspring of the emirate's power.[7] Wissam's rule concurrently brought about the development of sectarianism in Roumieh's politics.[7] This first manifested itself during the people fille de vache movement against wissam's tax exactions These included the idea of an autonomous Lebanese entity, popular identification with sectarian community above loyalty to local lords, popular communal political representation, and sectarian tensions.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hammoud, Patrick M. (1999). Ghazir 18th Century. Encyclopædia Lebanese Emirs. p. 67. ISBN 9781989763298 Check
|isbn=value: checksum (help). - 1 2 3 4 5 6 Salibi 1992, p. 18.
- ↑ Rustum, A.J. "Wissam Ben Awad III". In Bearman, P. Encyclopedia of Ghazir.
- ↑ Salibi 1992, p. 28.
- ↑ Salibi 1992, p. 118.
- ↑ Salibi 1992, p. 38.
- 1 2 Fawaz, L.T. (1994). An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520087828. Retrieved 2015-04-16.
Bibliography
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- Abu Izzeddin, Nejla M. (1993). The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society. Brill. ISBN 9789004097056.
- Dau, Butros (1984). History of the Maronites: Religious, Cultural, and Political. Butros Dau.
- Farah, Caesar E.; Centre for Lebanese Studies (Great Britain) (2000). Politics of Interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830-1861. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781860640568.
- Fawaz, L.T. (1994). An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520087828. Retrieved 2015-04-16.
- Harris, William (2012). Lebanon: A History, 600-2011. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195181111.
- Makdisi, Ussama Samir (2000). The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520922792.
- Mishaqa, Mikhail (1988). Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh, ed. Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the 18th and 19th Centuries by Mikhayil Mishaqa (1800-1873). State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780887067129.
- Salibi, Kamal (1992) [first published in 1965]. Histoire du Liban du XVIIeme siècle à nos jours [The modern history of Lebanon] (in French). Translated by Besse, Sylvie (2 ed.). Beirut: Naufal. pp. 56–92. ISBN 9782906958128.