Effervescent tablet

An effervescent tablet in a glass of water

Effervescent or carbon tablets are tablets which are designed to dissolve in water, and release carbon dioxide.[1][2][3]In the 17th and 18th centuries, scientists began uncovering the chemical make-up and physiological benefits of various salts such as Glauber's salt and Epsom salts.[4] These salts were found in mineral springs, which, since the Roman Empire,[5][6][7][7] had been used as health spas, where people would go to bathe in, and drink, mineral-rich waters for their health.[4] These developments led to attempts to replicate the salt mixtures found in these naturally occurring mineral waters using off-the-shelf ingredients.[4] Mixing these kinds of salts — especially carbonates and tartrates — with flavorings like lemon into an effervescent compound with citric or tartaric acid proved especially popular and set off a craze for the new "fruit salts".[4]Effervescent tablets have been used as products of the pharmaceutical and dietary industries for over two centuries.[4]

Effervescent tablets are products of compression of component ingredients in the form of powders into a dense mass, which is packaged in blister pack, or with a hermetically sealed package with incorporated desiccant in the cap. To use them, they are dropped into water to make a solution.

Cleaning tablets may be added to laundry or filled tubs of water, depending on the package directions.

The powdered ingredients are also packaged and sold as effervescent powders or may be granulated and sold as effervescent granules. Generally powdered ingredients are first granularized before being made into tablets.[8][9]

Effervescent medicinal beverages date back to the late 1800s and originally arose to mask the taste of bitter waters taken as curatives, during the water cure craze of that era.[10]

Ingredients

There are several categories of active ingredients in effervescent preparations:

  1. Those that are difficult to digest or disruptive to the stomach or esophagus[11]
  2. Those that are pH–sensitive, such as amino acids and antibiotics.
  3. Those requiring a large dose.
  4. Those that are susceptible to light, oxygen, or moisture.

References

  1. ↑ Dubogrey, Ilya (2013). "Putting the Fizz into Formulation". European Pharmaceutical Contractor (Autumn).
  2. ↑ British Pharmacopeia 2003
  3. ↑ International Pharmacopoeia 2006. World Health Organization. 2006. p. 966. ISBN 978-92-4-156301-7. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Campbell, W. A. (June, 1966) James Crossley Eno and the Rise of the Health Salts Trade. University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Medical Gazette 60(3):350 Reprinted as an appendix to W. A. Campbell, The Analytical Chemist in Nineteenth Century English Social History, thesis presented for the degree of Master of Letters in the University of Durham. Newcastle upon Tyne, July 1971
  5. ↑ "The History of Plumbing — Roman and English Legacy". Plumbing World. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
  6. ↑ EB (1878), p. 227.
  7. 1 2 EB (2015).
  8. ↑ "Powders and Granules". The Pharmaceutics and Compounding Laboratory. University of North Carolina. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  9. ↑ Stahl, Harald (Apr 1, 2003). "Effervescent Dosage Manufacturing". www.pharmtech.com. PharmTech.
  10. ↑ W. A. Campbell (June, 1966) James Crossley Eno and the Rise of the Health Salts Trade. University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne Medical Gazette 60(3):350. Reprinted as an appendix - pp 259ff in W. A. Campbell. The Analytical Chemist In Nineteenth Century English Social History Thesis presented for the degree of Master of Letters in the University of Durham. Newcastle upon Tyne July 1971
  11. ↑ "In Brief: Effervescent Alendronate". The Medical Letter. October 15, 2012.
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