John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley

Edmund John Philip Browne
Personal details
Born	(1948-02-20) 20 February 1948 Hamburg, Germany
Occupation	Executive Chairman of L1 Energy, Former CEO, BP plc, Past President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Author, Member of the House of Lords,

Edmund John Philip Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley, FRS, FREng^[1] (born 20 February 1948) is a British businessman.

He is best known for his role as the chief executive of the energy company BP between 1995 and 2007. This period has been described as the company's "golden period of expansion and diversification"^[2] though safety and health violations following an investigation of the fatal explosion at BP's Texas City, Texas, plant on 23 March 2005 that killed 15 workers and injured more than 170 others, resulted in fines and awards being given out. Browne was lauded during this period, as he engineered a merger with rival Amoco, and gained access to Russian oil reserves with the creation of TNK-BP. Nicknamed by employees the "Sun King" for his management style, he was also praised for increasing BP's interest in renewable energy sources. He resigned from BP in controversial circumstances after a judge found he had lied in court about the details of a personal relationship (though charges of perjury were never brought).^[3]

He is a former President of the Royal Academy of Engineering^[1] (2006 to July 2011). Since 2001, he has been a crossbench member of the House of Lords. Lord Browne is a former Partner of Riverstone, which is co-owner of Cuadrilla resources.

Early life and education

Browne was born on 20 February 1948 in Hamburg, Germany. His father was a British Army officer who later worked for Anglo-Persian Oil, which later became British Petroleum. His mother, Paula, was a Hungarian Jewish Auschwitz survivor.^[4][5] Many members of Browne's Jewish maternal family, including his grandparents, were murdered at the Birkenau concentration camp during The Holocaust.^[6]

Browne was educated at the King's School, Ely, and St John's College, Cambridge, where he earned a First Class Bachelor's degree in Physics. In addition to his degree in Physics from Cambridge University, he holds an MS in Business from Stanford University, California.

Career at BP

At the suggestion of his father, Browne joined BP as an apprentice in 1966 while still at university. He remained with the corporation throughout his career.

Between 1969 and 1983, he held a variety of exploration and production posts in Anchorage, Alaska, New York, San Francisco, London and Canada. In 1984 he became Group Treasurer and Chief Executive of BP Finance International. In April 1986, he took up the position of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of The Standard Oil of Ohio in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1987, following the BP/Standard merger, in addition to his position as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of BP America, he was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Standard Oil Production Company. In 1989, he became Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of BP Exploration based in London. In September 1991, he joined BP's board as a Managing Director.

He was appointed Group Chief Executive on 10 June 1995 after the British government sold its last remaining stake in the company. Following the merger of BP and Amoco, he became Group Chief Executive of the combined group on 31 December 1998 and served until 1 May 2007. He was one of the most highly paid executives in the UK, with a remuneration package of approximately £5.7 million in 2004.

From 1997, Browne sought to re-brand BP as a "green" energy company.^[5] The company linked itself in its corporate communications with green issues by the overt link of its BP initials with the phrase "Beyond Petroleum". Browne stated that the right to self-determination was crucial for people everywhere, and that he saw his company's mission as to find ways to meet current needs without excessive harm to the environment, while developing future, more sustainable sources of energy. He promised that BP would cut its production of CO₂ by 10% by 2010; it is as yet unproved whether BP met this goal in the wake of Browne's departure (2007).

Resignation

It was announced on 25 July 2006 that Browne would stand down as chief executive of BP in December 2008. There had been press speculation that he had wished to continue beyond this date, but he made it clear that he did not wish to do so. On 6 January 2007, Browne won his first interim injunction against the publication of allegations by his former partner, Jeff Chevalier. Browne later disclosed being "terrified" that his sexuality would be revealed publicly.^[7] A week later it was announced that his retirement date had been brought forward to July 2007 and that Tony Hayward would succeed him.^[8] In April 2007, after a court case lasting over four weeks, Browne appealed to the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, who ruled that he could not prevent Associated Newspapers from printing allegations about his romantic life and alleged misuse of company funds.^[9] Lord Browne resigned from BP on 1 May 2007,^[10][11] and resigned as a non-executive director of Goldman Sachs on 10 May 2007.

At the time he faced allegations that he had supported his partner, Canadian Jeff Chevalier, throughout their four-year relationship, and when Chevalier moved back to Toronto at the end of the relationship, that Browne paid for 12 months of a lease on an apartment.^[12] Browne says he felt under pressure to resign due to UK newspaper Mail on Sunday's revelations about his personal life and relationship with Chevalier. As part of a statement made at the time of his resignation, he commented: "In my 41 years with BP, I have kept my private life separate from my business life. I have always regarded my sexuality as a personal matter, to be kept private. It is a matter of deep disappointment that a newspaper group has now decided that allegations about my personal life should be made public."^[13]

Browne faced the prospect of charges of perjury for lying to the court over how he met Chevalier. In a deposition to the court, Browne said the pair had met when exercising in Battersea Park. Browne later admitted this was a lie. He acknowledged that he had actually met Chevalier via a commercial gay-escort website, Suited and Booted.^[7][14] However, Mr Justice Eady, the presiding judge in the case, said he decided not to refer the matter to the Attorney General with regard to possible perjury charges, seeing disclosure in the judgement of Lord Browne's behaviour as "probably sufficient punishment",^[3] and adding Browne's "willingness to tell a deliberate lie to the court, persisted in for about two weeks, ... is relevant in assessing his own credibility ... So too is his willingness casually to 'trash’ the reputation of Mr Chevalier and to discredit him in the eyes of the court".^[15]

BP chairman, Peter Sutherland, characterised claims that company assets and resources had been abused as "unfounded or insubstantive".^[16]

Current activities

Browne (right) with colleagues Petr Aven and Mikhail Fridman.

Browne is currently the Executive Chairman of L1 Energy. Lord Browne was the UK Government Lead Non-Executive Director until January 2015. His remit was to work with Secretaries of State to appoint non-executives to the board of each government department.^[17]

He was President of the Royal Academy of Engineering^[1] from 2006 to 2011. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006. In 1998, he was knighted^[18] by Queen Elizabeth II and in 2001 named by the House of Lords Appointments Commission^[19] as one of the "people's peers" taking the title Baron Browne of Madingley, of Cambridge in the County of Cambridgeshire,^[20][21] and becoming a crossbencher in the House of Lords. In 2000 he was the recipient of the FIRST Responsible Capitalism Award.^[22] He was appointed a Trustee of the Tate Gallery on 1 August 2007 and Chair of the Trustees in January 2009.^[23] In November 2009 it was announced that Lord Browne would chair an independent review into university tuition fees which reported in October 2010.^[24] In December 2009 the Review panel revealed that the average graduate premium in the UK, the increase in lifetime salary of a degree compared to 2 A levels, had fallen to just £100,000 (before debt).^[25] In June 2010 he was appointed as the Government's Lead Non-Executive Director, charged with recruiting business leaders to reformed departmental boards.^[26]. He is also a member of the Advisory Board of Afiniti, a US based technology business. ^[27]

In October 2010 it was announced that Lord Browne had been appointed chairman of the advisory board at Stanhope Capital as the asset manager gears up for international expansion. The former chief executive of BP will help advise on attracting investment from charities and endowment trusts, which at present make up a small number of the Stanhope’s total clients.

He is Chairman of the International Advisory Board of the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford,^[28] and Chairman of the Trustees of the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. From August 2017, he will serve as Chairman of the Francis Crick Institute, and from September 2017 will serve as Chairman of the Courtauld Institute of Art, following the end of his tenure at Tate.

In June 2013, it was reported that Lord Browne had agreed to advise LetterOne Holdings on a new $20bn (£12.7bn) global oil and gas fund.^[29]

On 2 March 2015 he was appointed Executive Chairman of L1 Energy, an oil and gas investment vehicle which acts as a subsidiary of LetterOne Holdings, co-owned by Russian billionaire Mikhail Fridman.^[30]

It was announced on 2 July 2015 that Lord Browne was appointed as chairman of the selection committee for IMAGINE: The Genesis Prize Design Competition, a new initiative of the Genesis Prize Foundation set to open for submissions in September 2015.^[31]

Publications

Lord Browne published his memoirs Beyond Business in February 2010. Seven Elements that Changed the World,^[32] an examination of the role of seven scientific elements in history, was published in April 2013. On 17 June 2014 he published The Glass Closet: Why Coming Out Is Good Business, a book discussing the risks and rewards of coming out in business and advocating for a top-down corporate policy of LGBT inclusiveness.^[33] Lord Browne is said to be the first openly gay CEO of any Fortune 500 company.

1. Beyond Business (February 2010)
2. Seven Elements that Have Changed the World (April 2013)
3. The Glass Closet: Why Coming Out Is Good Business (May 2014)
4. Connect: How companies succeed by engaging radically with society (September 2015)

He contributed to a 2013 book on public sector management, in which he drew on his experiences as the British Government's lead non-executive director.^[34] In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the Global Apollo Programme, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund co-ordinated research to make carbon-free baseload electricity less costly than electricity from coal by the year 2025.^[35]

The Browne Review

On 12 October 2010 the report of the inquiry headed by Lord Browne was published under the title Securing a Sustainable Future for Higher Education. The main recommendation of the report was that the current cap of £3,290 on university tuition fees should be lifted thereby allowing such institutions to determine their own fee structure.^[36]

Cuts and safety record controversy

Browne is described by journalist and author Tom Bower as responsible for a "ruthless" programme of cost-cutting at BP that compromised safety, and thus the man most responsible for a string of major accidents including the Texas City Refinery explosion (2005) and the Deepwater Horizon explosion (2010). Bower also accuses Browne of tolerating only "sycophants" in his "corporate court", said to include Tony Hayward who succeeded him as BP Chief Executive.^[37] Browne has rejected Bower's account, saying that he (Browne) increased the number of engineers appointed to BP.^[38]

According to The Guardian newspaper, "Browne's reputation was tarnished by a string of accidents in the US which hastened his retirement", and Browne declined to appear in an hour-long BBC2 documentary on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in which Tony Hayward was extensively interviewed, broadcast in November 2010.^[39]

Personal life

Lord Browne lists 17th- and 18th-century illustrated Italian books, pre-Columbian art, contemporary Art, music, opera and the theatre among his interests.

Lord Browne lives in Chelsea, London where his home was created by the British furniture and interiors designer Tim Gosling.^[40]

He is a Fellow^[1] and former President of The Royal Academy of Engineering^[1] (2006-2011), a Fellow of the Royal Society, a Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, a Fellow of the Institute of Physics, a Fellow of the Institute of Petroleum, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a Companion of the Institute of Management, an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, a fellow of the Geological Society, an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Browne has been awarded Honorary Doctorates from Heriot-Watt University (D.Eng) and Robert Gordon University (D.Tech), Aston University in Birmingham, University of Dundee (LLD), Warwick University (D.Sc), Hull University (D.Sc), Cranfield University (D.Sc), Sheffield Hallam University (Hon. D Univ), University of Buckingham (D.Sc), University of Belfast (Hon DSc 0 Eng) and the University of Surrey (Hon D. Univ), Imperial College, London (Hon D.Sc), Leuven University, Belgium (D.Sc), Thunderbird (LLD), University of Notre Dame (LLD), Colorado School of Mines (D.Eng), D Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Arizona State University (DHLitt). He is an Honorary Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge and a Senior Member of St Antony’s College, Oxford.

References

External links

• Mail Online, 6 May 2007
• Globe and Mail, 7 May 2007
• On being an engineer – Lord Browne of Madingley FREng FRS Ingenia magazine, March 2008; Lord Browne speaking at the 2008 Lubbock Lecture on his experiences as an engineer when working on the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline