Edineț

Edineț
Municipality

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Coat of arms
Edineț

Location in Moldova

Coordinates: 48°10′N 27°19′E / 48.167°N 27.317°E / 48.167; 27.317Coordinates: 48°10′N 27°19′E / 48.167°N 27.317°E / 48.167; 27.317
Country  Moldova
District Edineț District
Established 1431
Area
 • Total 2.2 sq mi (5.7 km2)
Elevation 758 ft (231 m)
Population (2014)[1]
 • Total 15,520
 • Density 7,100/sq mi (2,700/km2)
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code MD-4601
Area code(s) +373 246
Climate Dfb

Edineț (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈedinet͡s]) is a town and municipality[2] in the north of Moldova. It is the administrative center of the eponymous district. The town is located 201 km north of the national capital, Chișinău. It is located at 48°10′N 27°19′E / 48.167°N 27.317°E / 48.167; 27.317. The town administers also two suburban villages, Alexăndreni and Gordineştii Noi. The population at the 2004 census was 17,292, including 15,624 in the town itself.

To the North of the town is situated the commune Hlinaia (Glina-Mare), to the South – the town of Cupcini, to the East – the commune Ruseni, and to the West the suburb Alexăndreni.

History

The first known written mention of the locality is in a document from July 15, 1431, by which the Prince of Moldavia Alexandru cel Bun offered to a certain Ivan Cupcici "14 villages with their old domains and empty land to found new villages and an apiary". According to this document, the old name of Edineț was Viadineți, possibly meaning little Viadins. A document dating August 18, 1690, given by Prince Constantin Movilă to a certain Cozma Pop mentions the village as Iadineți. The name Edineț is documented since 1663, and remained used till present.

In 1812, eastern part of Moldavia was annexed by the Russian Empire, and became known as Governorate of Bessarabia.

Bessarabia proclaimed independence in January 1918 as Moldavian Democratic Republic. In April 1918, Bessarabia proclaimed union with Romania.

At the 1930 census, there were three separately administered localities: Edineți-Târg (literally Edineți-Fair), population 5,910, Edineţi-Sat (literally Edineţi-Village), population 5,260, part of Plasa Briceni of the Hotin County,[3] and Alexăndrenii-Noi, population 1,083, part of Plasa Răşcani of the Bălţi County.[4]

In 1918–1940, along Edineţ, two other spellings were sometimes used: Edineţi and Ediniţa. Between the two World Wars there was a Zionist Tarbut school.

In 1940, the Soviet Union with the consent of the Nazi Germany occupied Bessarabia, and created the Moldavian SSR, closing privately owned businesses and religious schools.

A year later, Romanian Army, now allied with the Nazi Germany, drove the Soviets out and recoverned Bessarabia. The German and Romanian troops entered Edineţ on July 5, 1941. Only a part of the Jews of Edineţ fled before that. Within two days several hundred Bessarabian Jews of Edineţ were murdered by units of Einsatzkommando D and Romanian gendarms, assisted by quite a few civilians that came to profit from the Jews. Within the first two weeks, the Romanian soldiers had killed about 1,000 Jews out of 5,000 living in the town.[5] Many women and young girls were raped; some of them committed suicide. The victims were buried in three large ditches, then the Jewish gravediggers who had interred the bodies were in turn murdered and buried on the same spot. In the middle of August a ghetto was set up. Surviving Jews of Edineţ and others from different places from the north of Bessarabia, and from Bukovina were interned. In September there were about 12,000 Jews in the ghetto, crammed into a small area, suffering from malnutrition and disease. Many of the interned succumbed to disease, cold weather, hunger, and thirst; dozens of persons died every day. On September 16, 1941, all Jews were deported to Transnistria. The majority of them died in Transnistria. By 1944 only a few managed to survive. The few dozen families still alive at the end of the War settled either in Czernovitz or moved to Israel. Only a handful chose to return to Edineţ.

In 1944, Soviets re-conquered Bessarabia, and re-established Moldavian SSR. During the Soviet time, the town was also known in the Russified versions Yedintsy and Yedintzi.

In 1960s, the Jewish population was estimated at about 200. There was no synagogue although the Jewish Cemetery was still extant.

At the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Moldova became an independent country.

Demographics

Ethnic composition
Ethnic group 1930 census 2004 census
Edineţi-Târg Edineţi-Sat Alexăndrenii-Noi Edineţ Alexăndreni Gordineştii Noi Total
Moldovans1 – – – 8,747 1,272 331 10,351
Romanians1 194 2,183 1,082 131 23 0 153
Jews 5,341 398 – 18 – – 18
Russians 344 2,214 1 3,394 15 2 3,411
Ruthenians (Ukrainians) 14 353 – 2,682 17 5 2,704
Romani – 55 – 2000 – – 2000
Bulgarians 1 1 – 37 – – 37
Gagauzians – – – 23 – – 23
Poles 14 28 – 11 – – 11
Germans – 3 – 91 1 2 94
Albanians 1 – –
Hungarians – 1 –
others 1 24 –
Total 5,910 5,260 1,083 15,624 1,328 340 17,292

1There is an ongoing controversy over whether Moldovans' self-identification constitutes an ethnic group distinct and apart from Romanians, or a subset. At the 2004 Moldovan Census, citizens could declare only one ethnic group. Consequently, one could not declare oneself both "Moldovan" and "Romanian". In the 1930 Romanian census no one was registered as "Moldovan".

Native language
Language 1930 census 2004 census
Edineţi-Târg Edineţi-Sat Alexăndrenii-Noi
Romanian 183 2,209 1,082 N/A
Yiddish 5,328 401 – N/A
Russian 375 2,360 1 N/A
Ukrainian 9 282 – N/A
Polish 11 7 – N/A
German 2 1 – N/A
Bulgarian 1 – – N/A
other 1 – – N/A
Total 5,910 5,260 1,083 17,292

Culture

Edineţ has a Natural History Museum, and a famous Museum of National Craftsmen, whose collection is rich in original folk objects and works.

Media

Notable people

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Edineț is twinned with:

References

  1. ↑ Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014: "Characteristics - Population (population by communes, religion, citizenship)" (XLS). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. 2017. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  2. ↑ LEGE Nr. 248 din 03.11.2016 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii nr. 764-XV din 27 decembrie 2001 privind organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Republicii Moldova (in Romanian)
  3. ↑ 1930 Romanian Census results for Hotin County
  4. ↑ 1930 Romanian Census results for Bălţi County
  5. ↑ "Execution Sites of Jewish Victims Investigated by Yahad-In Unum". Yahad Map. Retrieved 22 December 2014.

Further reading

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