Ecatepec de Morelos

Ecatepec de Morelos
City & Municipality
Ecatepec de Morelos

Seal
Motto: Autonomía Unión Trabajo (Autonomy Union Work)

Location of Ecatepec in the State of Mexico
Coordinates: 19°36′35″N 99°03′36″W / 19.60972°N 99.06000°W / 19.60972; -99.06000
Country  Mexico
State State of Mexico
Metro area Greater Mexico City
Municipal Status October 13, 1877[1]
Municipal Seat San Cristóbal Ecatepec
Government
 • Type Ayuntamiento
 • Municipal President Indalecio Ríos Velázquez (2016-2018)
Area
 • Total 160.17 km2 (61.84 sq mi)
 • Water 0.00 km2 (0.00 sq mi)
Elevation (of seat) 2,250 m (7,380 ft)
Population (2010 Census)
 • Total 1,656,107
Time zone CST (UTC−6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC−5)
Postal code (of seat) 55000
Area code(s) 55
Demonym Ecatepense
Website Official website (in Spanish)

Ecatepec, (Spanish  [ekateˈpek]  once officially Ecatepec de Morelos, is a city and municipality in the State of Mexico. Both are usually known simply as "Ecatepec". The city is practically co-extensive with the municipality, with the city's 2005 population of 1,687,549 being 99.9% of the total municipal population of 1,688,258.[2] The provisional population at the 2010 Census was 1,658,806. The city forms the most populous suburb of Mexico City (Ciudad de México) and the 15th-most-populous suburb in the world. It's also Mexico's 2nd most populous municipality (after Itzapalapa of CDMX).[3]

The name "Ecatepec" is derived from Nahuatl, and means "windy hill" or "hill devoted to Ehecatl". It was also an alternative name or invocation to Quetzalcoatl.[4] "Morelos" is the last name of José María Morelos, a hero of the Mexican War of Independence.

Most inhabitants commute to Mexico City for work, and the Mexico City metro subway system was extended into Ecatepec.

"San Cristóbal" (Saint Christopher) is the city's patron saint, whose feast day is celebrated on July 25 of each year.[4]

Points of interest include the newest Catholic Cathedral in Mexico, Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, several colonial era churches and the colonel edifice Casa de los virreyes.[4]

Geography

Sosa Texcoco, plane lands over Ecatepec de Morelos.
Sierra de Guadalupe in Ecatepec de Morelos.

The location of the municipality is north of the Mexico City, and is located in the low extreme geographical coordinates of Greenwich, north latitude 19º29'23" minimum, 19º40'28" maximum, west longitude 98°58'30" minimum, 99°08'35" maximum.[5]

The town of San Cristóbal Ecatepec, a municipal seat, has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: San Pedro Xoloxtoc, Tulpetlac, Chiconautla, Ciudad Azteca and Villa de Aragón. The total municipality extends 157.34 km2 and borders with the municipalities of Tlalnepantla de Baz, Tecámac, Coacalco de Berriozábal, Jaltenco, Acolman, Texcoco, Atenco, Nezahualcóyotl and Mexico City (Gustavo A. Madero). The area of this municipality is 155 km² (59.85 sq mi).[6]

The human senttlements in Ecatepec de Morelos are an elongated valley from the Valley of Mexico to Sierra de Guadalupe.

Flora and fauna

75% of Ecatepec de Morelos municipality is urbanized, on this territory there are no big animals; in the highlands of Sierra de Guadalupe live principally small mammals such as mouse, rabbit, gray squirrel, bat and gopher, birds, such as cenzontle and sparrow. The flora in Sierra de Guadalupe is represented by oyamel pines, oaks, ocote pines, century plants, prickly pears, zacatón (mountain grass) and other. [7]

History

The glyph for Ecatepec. Its name is represented by a hill (tepetl) and the face of the wind god (Ehecatl).
Monument to Mariano Matamoros, José María Morelos and Hermenegildo Galeana in the Parque San Cristóbal Ecatepec.

Remains of earliest human inhabitation of the area have been found on the nearby Cerro (Hill) de Ecatepec. The area was initially settled by successive waves of Otomis; however, because of the later arrival of Toltec-Chichimecas that dominated the rest of the Valley of Mexico, this area eventually assimilated to the rest of the Valley, ending with its domination by the Aztec empire.[6] Ecatepec was an Aztec altepetl or city-state in the Valley of Mexico. From 1428 to 1539, Ecatepec was ruled by a tlatoani (literally "speaker"). The tlatoque (plural of tlatoani) of Ecatepec were closely related to the ruling dynasty of Tenochtitlan.[8] - Chimalpilli I, grandson of Moctezuma I. - Tezozomoc, son of Chimalpopoca. - Matlaccohuatl, whose daughter Teotlalco married Moctezuma II. - Chimalpilli II, son of Ahuitzotl. - Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin, grandson of Axayacatl.

Diego Huanitzin was subsequently made tlatoani of Tenochtitlan by Antonio de Mendoza, viceroy of New Spain.

During the Aztec empire, the Mexicas used the town to control trade routes going north.[4]

Ecatepec was considered an "República de Indios" (Indian Republic) 1560, allowing the village to maintain a certain amount of autonomy and keeping the succession of tlatoanis or chiefs. However, in the first part of the 17th century, this was changed to a mayorship, with the Spanish administrating, along with the communities of Zumpango and Xalostoc.[6]

The municipality was officially created on October 13, 1874.[4] On October 1, 1877, San Cristóbal Ecatepec was declared a village and "de Morelos" was added to its name.[6]

The national hero José María Morelos y Pavón was executed in Ecatepec in 1815 by the Spanish during the Mexican War of Independence. The house in which he was executed is now the Museo Casa de Morelos (Museum House of Morelos). Ecatepec was declared a city on December 1, 1980.[4]

In April 1995, the remains of a mammoth were found in Colonia Ejidos de San Cristóbal, where the ancient lakes of Xaltocan-Ecatepec and Texcoco came together and where the Aztecs build a dam to keep the fresh and salty waters separate. The bones have been tentatively dated to around 10,500 years B.C.[6]

Ecatepec de Morelos had a 2010 census population of 1,656,107 inhabitants, which makes it the most populous municipality in the nation , as well as in the state.

In February 2016, Pope Francis celebrated Mass in the city in front of a crowd of 300,000. The Pope's message was one of encouragement and opposition to the violence and drug trade that permeates the region.[9]

Politics

Municipality House in San Cristóbal Ecatepec.
MayorTime
Indalecio Ríos Velázquez 2016–

Demography

Almost all of the population (99.934%) lives in its one urban locality, Ecatepec de Morelos, the most populous locality (city) in Mexico except for the Iztapalapa Borough of Mexico City. There are also six rural localities (cities, towns, and villages) in the municipality, half of which reported no population in the 2010 census:[10]

Populated place 2010 Census Population
San Cristóbal Ecatepec 1,655,015
Mesa de los Leones 578
Tierra Blanca Segunda Sección (Ejido Ecatepec) 480
Vista Hermosa 34
Banco de Tepetate (La Tepetatera) 0
Caseta Trece Curva del Diablo 0
El Tejocote 0
Total Municipality 1,656,107

Economy

Ciudad Azteca, subway and mexibus station in Eje Central Avenue.

Jumex has its headquarters in the city.[11][12]

Plaza Las Américas shopping mall is located in Ecatepec, in which are located Liverpool, Sears and Suburbia department stores as well as a WalMart.

Transportation

logo of the Ecatepec metro station

Ecatepec is served by Line B of the Mexico City Metro system, including stations Muzquiz, Ecatepec (a.k.a. Tecnológico), Olímpica, Plaza Aragón, and Ciudad Azteca[13][14]

In 2016, a new transportation system was introduced to Ecatepec's inhabitants: Mexicable. This project is a cable car which main purpose is to help people displace faster (contrary to most cable cars which have tourists as their main users), specially in areas with complicated geography. The idea was originally developed in the South Americas, with Colombia being the first country to add a cable car system, called Metrocable, as part of their metro. The Mexicable, the first cable car constructed in Mexico as a public transport, has a length of almost 5 kilometers (3 miles), 190 cars and it runs the entire line in about 17 minutes.[15]

Ecatepec is located on Mexican Federal Highway 85, the Mexico City-Pachuca highway, Mexican Federal Highway 57/57D (Circuito Exterior Mexiquense), and Mexican Federal Highway 132 (Ecatepec-Teotihuacán highway).

Sister cities

City State Country Reference
Caracas Miranda  Venezuela

[16]

Cuautla  Morelos  Mexico
Guadalupe  Zacatecas  Mexico [17]
Guangzhou  China
Namyangju  South Korea [18]
San Jose  Costa Rica

References

  1. ↑ "Bando Municipal de Ecatepec de Morelos 2015" (PDF). H. Ayuntamiento de Ecatepec de Morelos 2013-2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  2. ↑ "http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/default.asp?s=est&c=10395". Archived from the original on 2011-06-13. Retrieved 2008-03-08. External link in |title= (help)
  3. ↑ http://www.inegi.org.mx/saladeprensa/boletines/2015/especiales/especiales2015_12_3.pdf
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Historia de Ecatepec". Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  5. ↑ Ecatepec de Morelos municipality INEGI, 2009.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Mexico Ecatepec". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  7. ↑ Ecatepec INAFED.
  8. ↑ Explorations in ethnohistory: Indians of central Mexico in the sixteenth century by H. R. Harvey, Hanns J. Prem
  9. ↑ Associated Press, Pope Francis warns Mexico City crowd against 'dialogue with the devil', The Guardian, 14 February 2016.
  10. ↑ 2010 census tables: INEGI Archived May 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ "Contacto" (Archive). Jumex. Retrieved on May 27, 2014. "Antigua Carretera Mexico Pachuca, Km 12.5 Xalostoc Estado De Mexico, CP 55340"
  12. ↑ "Aviso de privacidad" (Archive). Jumex. Retrieved on May 27, 2014. "[...]GRUPO JUMEX, S.A. de C.V., con domicilio en Carretera México-Pachuca KM 12.5, Colonia Rústica Xalostoc, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, C.P. 55340, México"
  13. ↑ "Ecatepec" (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  14. ↑ Archambault, Richard. "Ecatepec » Mexico City Metro System". Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  15. ↑ "President inaugurates cable car system". Mexico News Daily. Retrieved 1 February 2017. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  16. ↑ http://www.multilingualarchive.com/ma/enwiki/es/Caracas#Sister_cities
  17. ↑ http://www.guadalupe-zacatecas.gob.mx/index.php/component/k2/item/76
  18. ↑ http://www.oem.com.mx/esto/notas/n847140.htm

Coordinates: 19°36′35″N 99°03′36″W / 19.60972°N 99.06000°W / 19.60972; -99.06000

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