Eadgyth

Edith of Wessex
Detail from a Gothic statue in Magdeburg Cathedral assumed to represent Otto and Edith
Queen consort of Germany
Tenure	2 July 936 – 26 January 946
Predecessor	Matilda of Ringelheim
Successor	Adelaide of Italy
Duchess consort of Saxony
Predecessor	Matilda of Ringelheim
Successor	Adelaide of Italy
Born	910
Died	26 January 946 (aged 35–36) Magdeburg, Saxony
Burial	Cathedral of Magdeburg
Spouse	Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Issue	Liutgarde, Duchess of Lorraine Liudolf, Duke of Swabia
House	Wessex
Father	Edward the Elder
Mother	Ælfflæd

Edith of England, also spelt Eadgyth or Ædgyth (Old English: Ēadgȳð, German: Edgitha; 910 – 26 January 946), a member of the House of Wessex, was German queen from 936 until her death, by her marriage with King Otto I.

Life

Edith was born to the reigning English king Edward the Elder by his second wife, Ælfflæd, and hence was a granddaughter of King Alfred the Great. In 919 her sister Eadgifu married the West Frankish king Charles the Simple. Nothing is known of Edith until at the request of the East Frankish king Henry the Fowler, who wished to stake a claim to equality and to seal the alliance between the two Saxon kingdoms, her half-brother King Æthelstan sent his sisters Edith and Edgiva to Germany. Henry's eldest son and heir to the throne Otto was instructed to choose whichever one pleased him best. Otto chose Edith, according to Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim a woman "of pure noble countenance, graceful character and truly royal appearance", and married her in 930. The remaining sister Edgiva was married to a "king near the Jupiter mountains" (the Alps), probably to Louis, brother of King Rudolph II of Burgundy. The precise identity of the husband of this sister is debated.

Otto I and his wife Edith arrive near Magdeburg, 19th century depiction

In 936 Henry the Fowler died and his eldest son Otto, Edith's husband, was crowned king at Aachen Cathedral. A surviving report of the ceremony by the medieval cronicler Widukind of Corvey makes no mention of his wife having been crowned at this point, but according to Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg's chronicle, Eadgyth was nevertheless anointed as queen, albeit in a separate ceremony.

As queen consort, Edith undertook the usual state duties of a "First Lady": when she turns up in the records it is generally in connection with gifts to the state's favoured monasteries or memorials to holy women and saints. In this respect she seems to have been more diligent than her now widowed and subsequently sainted mother-in-law, Queen Matilda, whose own charitable activities only achieve a single recorded mention from the period of Eadgyth's time as queen. There was probably rivalry between the Benedictine Monastery of St Maurice founded at Magdeburg by Otto and Eadgyth in 937, a year after coming to the throne, and Matilda's foundation Quedlinburg Abbey, intended by her as a memorial to her husband, the late King Henry. Edith accompanied her husband on his travels, though not during battles. While Otto fought against the rebellious dukes Eberhard of Franconia and Gilbert of Lorraine in 939, she spent the hostilities at Lorsch Abbey.

Like her brother, Æthelstan, Edith was devoted to the cult of their ancestor Saint Oswald of Northumbria and was instrumental in introducing this cult into Germany after her marriage to the emperor. Her lasting influence may have caused certain monasteries and churches in the Duchy of Saxony to be dedicated to this saint.^[1]

Eadgyth's death at a relatively young age, in her early thirties, was unexpected. Otto apparently mourned the loss of a loved spouse he greatly esteemed. He secondly married Adelaide of Italy in 951.

Children

Edith and Otto's children were:

• Liudolf, Duke of Swabia (930 – 6 September 957)
• Liutgarde (931 – 18 November 953), married the Lotharingian duke Conrad the Red in 947

both buried in St. Alban's Abbey, Mainz.

Tomb

View inside the lead coffin

Initially buried in the St Maurice monastery, Edith's tomb since the 16th century has been located in Magdeburg Cathedral. Long regarded a cenotaph, a lead coffin inside a stone sarcophagus with her name on it was found and opened in 2008 by archaeologists during work on the building. An inscription recorded that it was the body of Eadgyth, reburied in 1510. The fragmented and incomplete bones were examined in 2009, then brought to Bristol, England, for tests in 2010. Professor Mark Horton of Bristol University said that "this may prove to be the oldest complete remains of an English royal."

The investigations at Bristol, applying isotope tests on tooth enamel, checked whether she was born and brought up in Wessex and Mercia, as written history has indicated.^[1][2] Testing on the bones revealed that they are the remains of Eadgyth, from study made of the enamel of the teeth in her upper jaw.^[3] Testing of the enamel revealed that the individual entombed at Magdeburg had spent time as a youth in the chalky uplands of Wessex.^[4] "Tests on these isotopes can give a precise record of where the person lived up to the age of 14," noted The Times of London in its story on the testing. "In this case they showed that the woman in the casket had spent the first years of her life drinking water that came from springs on the chalk hills of southern England. This matched exactly the historical records of Eadgyth’s early life."^[5] The bones "are the oldest surviving remains of an English royal burial," Bristol University announced in a press release.^[6]

Following the tests the bones were solemnly re-interred in a new titanium coffin in her tomb at Magdeburg Cathedral on 22 October 2010.^[7]

Ancestry

References

Sources

• Freytag von Loringhoven, Baron. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 1965.
• Klaniczay, Gábor. Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses, 2002.

External links

• The life of an Anglo-Saxon princess, Michael Wood, The Guardian, 17 June 2010
• How the study of teeth is revealing our history, Mike Pitts, The Guardian, 17 June 2010