E. Nesbit

Edith Nesbit

Edith Nesbit, ca. 1890
Born (1858-08-15)15 August 1858
Kennington, Surrey (now Greater London), England[1]
Died 4 May 1924(1924-05-04) (aged 65)
New Romney, Kent, England
Pen name E. Nesbit
Occupation Writer, poet
Nationality English
Period 1886–1924
Genre Children's literature

Edith Nesbit (married name Edith Bland; 15 August 1858 – 4 May 1924) was an English author and poet; she published her books for children under the name of E. Nesbit.

She wrote or collaborated on more than 60 books of children's literature. She was also a political activist and co-founded the Fabian Society, a socialist organisation later affiliated to the Labour Party.

Biography

Nesbit was born in 1858 at 38 Lower Kennington Lane in Kennington, Surrey (now part of Greater London), the daughter of an agricultural chemist, John Collis Nesbit, who died in March 1862, before her fourth birthday.[2] Her sister Mary's ill health meant that the family travelled around for some years, living variously in Brighton, Buckinghamshire, France (Dieppe, Rouen, Paris, Tours, Poitiers, Angoulême, Bordeaux, Arcachon, Pau, Bagnères-de-Bigorre, and Dinan in Brittany), Spain and Germany, before settling for three years at Halstead Hall in Halstead in north-west Kent, a location which later inspired The Railway Children (this distinction has also been claimed by the Derbyshire town of New Mills).[3]

When Nesbit was seventeen, the family moved back to London, living in South East London at Eltham, Elswick Road in Lewisham, Grove Park and Lee.

At eighteen, Nesbit met the bank clerk Hubert Bland in 1877. Seven months pregnant, she married Bland on 22 April 1880, though she did not immediately live with him, as Bland initially continued to live with his mother. Their marriage was a stormy one. Early on Nesbit discovered that another woman believed she was Hubert's fiancee and had also borne him a child. A more serious blow came later when she discovered that her good friend, Alice Hoatson, was pregnant with Hubert's child. She had previously agreed to adopt Hoatson's child and allow Hoatson to live with her as their housekeeper. After she discovered the truth, they quarrelled violently and she suggested that Hoatson and the baby should leave; her husband threatened to leave Edith if she disowned the baby and its mother. Hoatson remained with them as a housekeeper and secretary and became pregnant by Bland again 13 years later. Edith again adopted Hoatson's child.[4]

Nesbit's children were Paul Bland (1880–1940), to whom The Railway Children was dedicated; Iris Bland (1881-1950s); Fabian Bland (1885–1900); Rosamund Bland (1886–1950), to whom The Book of Dragons was dedicated; and John Bland (1898–1971) to whom The House of Arden and Five Children and It were dedicated. Her son Fabian died aged 15 after a tonsil operation; Nesbit dedicated a number of books to him such as The Story of the Treasure Seekers and its sequels as well as many others. Nesbit's adopted daughter Rosamund collaborated with her on the book Cat Tales.

E. Nesbit's grave in St Mary in the Marsh's churchyard bears a wooden grave marker made by her second husband, Thomas Terry Tucker. There is also a memorial plaque to her inside the church.

Nesbit was a follower of the Marxist[5][6] socialist William Morris and she and her husband Hubert Bland were among the founders of the Fabian Society in 1884.[7] Their son Fabian was named after the society.[2] They also jointly edited the Society's journal Today; Hoatson was the Society's assistant secretary. Nesbit and Bland also dallied briefly with the Social Democratic Federation, but rejected it as too radical. Nesbit was an active lecturer and prolific writer on socialism during the 1880s. Nesbit also wrote with her husband under the name "Fabian Bland",[8] though this activity dwindled as her success as a children's author grew.

Nesbit lived from 1899 to 1920 in Well Hall, Eltham,[9] Kent (now in south-east Greater London), which appears in fictional guise in several of her books, especially The Red House. She and her husband entertained a large circle of friends, colleagues and admirers at their Well Hall house.[10] On 20 February 1917, some three years after Bland died, Nesbit married Thomas "the Skipper" Tucker. They were married in Woolwich, where he was the captain of the Woolwich Ferry.

She was a guest speaker at the London School of Economics, which had been founded by other Fabian Society members.

Towards the end of her life she moved to a house called "Crowlink" in Friston, East Sussex, and later to "The Long Boat" at Jesson, St Mary's Bay, New Romney, East Kent where, probably suffering from lung cancer, she died in 1924 and was buried in the churchyard of St Mary in the Marsh. Her husband Thomas died at the same address on 17 May 1935. Edith's son, Paul Bland, was one of the executors of Thomas Tucker's will.

Writer

Nesbit published approximately 40 books for children, including novels, collections of stories and picture books.[11] Collaborating with others, she published almost as many more.

According to her biographer, Julia Briggs, Nesbit was "the first modern writer for children": Nesbit "helped to reverse the great tradition of children's literature inaugurated by Lewis Carroll, George MacDonald and Kenneth Grahame, in turning away from their secondary worlds to the tough truths to be won from encounters with things-as-they-are, previously the province of adult novels." Briggs also credits Nesbit with having invented the children's adventure story. Noël Coward was a great admirer of hers and, in a letter to an early biographer Noel Streatfeild, wrote "she had an economy of phrase, and an unparalleled talent for evoking hot summer days in the English countryside."[12]

Among Nesbit's best-known books are The Story of the Treasure Seekers (1898) and The Wouldbegoods (1899), which both recount stories about the Bastables, a middle-class family that has fallen on (relatively) hard times. The Railway Children is also known from its adaptation into a 1970 film version. Gore Vidal called the time-travel book, The Story of the Amulet one in which "Nesbit's powers of invention are at their best."[13] Her children's writing also included numerous plays and collections of verse.

She created an innovative body of work that combined realistic, contemporary children in real-world settings with magical objects – what would now be classed as contemporary fantasy – and adventures and sometimes travel to fantastic worlds.[14] In doing so, she was a direct or indirect influence on many subsequent writers, including P. L. Travers (author of Mary Poppins), Edward Eager, Diana Wynne Jones and J. K. Rowling. C. S. Lewis was influenced by her in writing the Narnia[15] series and mentions the Bastable children in The Magician's Nephew. Michael Moorcock would go on to write a series of steampunk novels with an adult Oswald Bastable (of The Treasure Seekers) as the lead character. In 2012, Jacqueline Wilson wrote a sequel to the Psammead trilogy, titled Four Children and It.

Nesbit also wrote for adults, including eleven novels, short stories and four collections of horror stories.

Legacy

Works

Novels for children

Bastable series

The Complete History is not the complete history. Some more stories about the Bastables are included in the 1905 story collection Oswald Bastable and Others.[1] The Bastables also appear in the 1902 adult novel The Red House.

Psammead series

House of Arden series

Other children's novels

Novels for adults

  • 1885 The Prophet's Mantle (as Fabian Bland)[21]
  • 1886 Something Wrong (as Fabian Bland)[21]
  • 1896 The Marden Mystery (very rare; few if any copies have survived)
  • 1899 The Secret of the Kyriels
  • 1902 The Red House
  • 1906 The Incomplete Amorist
  • 1909 Salome and the Head (also published as The House With No Address)[1]
  • 1909 Daphne in Fitzroy Street
  • 1911 Dormant (US title, Rose Royal)
  • 1916 The Incredible Honeymoon
  • 1922 The Lark

Stories and story collections for children

  • 1894 Miss Mischief
  • 1895 Tick Tock, Tales of the Clock
  • 1895 Pussy Tales
  • 1895 Doggy Tales
  • 1897 The Children's Shakespeare
  • 1897 Royal Children of English History
  • 1897 Tales Told in the Twilight (bed-time stories, multiple authors)
  • 1898 The Book of Dogs
  • 1899 Pussy and Doggy Tales
  • 1901 The Book of Dragons (stories previously published in Strand, 1899) †
  • 1901 Nine Unlikely Tales
  • 1902 The Revolt of the Toys
  • 1903 The Rainbow Queen and Other Stories
  • 1903 Playtime Stories
  • 1904 The Story of Five Rebellious Dolls
  • 1904 Cat Tales (by E. Nesbit and Rosamund E. Bland)[22]
  • 1905 Oswald Bastable and Others
  • 1905 Pug Peter, King of Mouseland
  • 1907 Beautiful Stories from Shakespeare (reprint of The Children's Shakespeare)
  • 1908 The Old Nursery Stories
  • 1912 The Magic World
  • 1925 Five of Us and Madeline (published posthumously, assembled and edited by Rosamund E. Nesbit Bland, comprising the title novel and two short stories perhaps completed by Nesbit)[20]
  • 1998 Great Ghost Stories (Compiled by Peter Glassman, Illustrated by Barry Moser)

† The Book of Dragons comprised The Seven Dragons, a 7-part serial, and an eighth story also published 1899 in The Strand Magazine. Augmented by a ninth story, "The Last of the Dragons" (posthumous, 1925), it was issued in 1972 as The Complete Book Of Dragons and in 1975 as The Last Of The Dragons and Some Others. The original title has been used since then, with the original contents augmented variously by "The Last of the Dragons" and material contemporary to the reissue. The title Seven Dragons and Other Stories has also been used for a latter-day Nesbit collection.[23]

Stories and story collections for adults

  • 1893 Something Wrong (horror stories)
  • 1893 Grim Tales (horror stories)
  • 1893 The Pilot
  • 1893 Hurst of Hurstcote
  • 1894 The Butler in Bohemia
  • 1896 In Homespun
  • 1901 Thirteen Ways Home
  • 1903 The Literary Sense
  • 1906 Man and Maid
  • 1908 "The Third Drug", Strand Magazine, February 1908 (reprinted in anthologies under that title, and "The Three Drugs")[24]
  • 1909 These Little Ones
  • 1910 Fear (horror stories)
  • 1923 To the Adventurous

Non-fiction

Poetry

"The Time of Roses", undated (Victorian era 1890?)

  • 1886 "Lays and Legends"
  • 1887 "The Lily and the Cross"
  • 1887 "The Star of Bethlehem"
  • 1888 "The Better Part, and Other Poems"
  • 1888 "Landscape and Song"
  • 1888 "The Message of the Dove"
  • 1888 "All Round the Year"
  • 1888 "Leaves of Life"
  • 1889 "Corals and Sea Songs"
  • 1890 "Songs of Two Seasons"
  • 1892 "Sweet Lavender"
  • 1892 "Lays and Legends: Second Edition"
  • 1895 "Rose Leaves"
  • 1895 "A Pomander of Verse"
  • 1898 "Songs of Love and Empire"
  • 1901 "To Wish You Every Joy"
  • 1905 "The Rainbow and the Rose"
  • 1908 "Jesus in London"
  • 1883–1908 "Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism"
  • 1911 "Ballads and Verses of the Spiritual Life"
  • 1912 "Garden Poems"
  • 1922 "Many Voices"

Songs

References

  1. 1 2 3 E. Nesbit at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDB). Retrieved 29 December 2013. Select a title to see its linked publication history and general information. Select a particular edition (title) for more data at that level, such as a front cover image or linked contents.
  2. 1 2 Holmes, John R. (2007). "Guide to Literary Masters and Their Works - E. Nesbit". www.ebscohost.com. Literary Reference Center, EBSCOhost. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  3. ↑ "Railway Children battle lines are drawn". Telegraph & Argus. Bradford. 22 April 2000. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  4. ↑ Langley Moore, Doris (1966). E. Nesbit: a biography. Philadelphia and New York: Chilton Books. pp. 70–71, 102–03.
  5. ↑ Bennett, Phillippa, and Rosemary Miles (2010). William Morris in the Twenty-First Century. Peter Lang. ISBN 3034301065. p. 136.
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ "Introduction". Five Children and It. London: Penguin Books Ltd. 1996. ISBN 9780140367355.
  8. ↑ The Prophet's Mantle (1885), a fictional story inspired by the life of Peter Kropotkin in London.
  9. ↑ "Well Hall" entry of London Gazetteer by Russ Willey, (Chambers 2006) ISBN 0-550-10326-0 (online extract )
  10. ↑ Iannello, Silvia (18 August 2008). "Edith Nesbit, la precorritrice della Rowling". Tvcinemateatro―i protagonisti. Silvia-iannello.blogspot.com (reprint 19 September 2011 from Zam (zam.it)). Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  11. ↑ Lisle, Nicola (15 August 2008). "E Nesbit: Queen of Children's Literature". AbeBooks (abebooks.co.uk).
  12. ↑ Day, Barry (2009). The Letters of Noël Coward. New York: Vintage Books. March 2009. p. 74.
  13. ↑ Vidal, Gore (3 December 1964). "The Writing of E. Nesbit". The New York Review of Books. 3 (2). Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  14. ↑ Morrow, Clark Elder (October 2011). "Edith Nesbit: An Appreciation". Vocabula Review. 13 (10): 1–8. Retrieved 28 October 2015. (Subscription required (help)).
  15. ↑ Nicholson, Mervyn (Fall 1998). "C. S. Lewis and the Scholarship of Imagination in E. Nesbit and Rider Haggard". Renascence. 51 (1): 41–62. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  16. ↑ "TQ4274 : Edith Nesbit Walk, Eltham". Geograph. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  17. ↑ "Edith Nesbit Gardens". Lewisham Parks and Open Spaces. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  18. ↑ "Railway Children Walk". www.geoview.info. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  19. ↑ Jones, Roger. "Visit to Hebden Bridge". www.wordpress.com. Wordpress. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  20. 1 2 "Five of Us—and Madeline". ISFDB. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  21. 1 2 Simkin, John. "Edith Nesbit". www.spartacus-educational.com. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  22. ↑ OCLC 62770293
  23. ↑ "The Book of Dragons". ISFDB.
    "The Seven Dragons and Other Stories". ISFDB. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  24. ↑ "The Third Drug". ISFDB. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  25. ↑ "book lookup - Long ago when I was young". www.nla.gov.au. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  26. ↑ Lovegrove, Chris. "The sweet white flowers of memory". www.wordpress.com. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  27. ↑ "Slave song". worldcat.org. OCLC. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
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