List of chess openings

This is a list of chess openings, organized by the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) code. In 1966, Chess Informant categorized the chess openings into five broad areas ("A" through "E"), with each of those broken down into one hundred subcategories ("00" through "99"). The openings were published in five volumes of ECO, with volumes labeled "A" through "E". This is a list of chess openings by the ECO classification.


This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

A - Flank openings

A00–A39

White first moves other than 1.e4, 1.d4:

  • Anderssen's Opening, Polish Gambit: 1...a5 2.b4
  • Bugayev Attack 2...e5
  • Anderssen's Opening, Creepy Crawly Formation: 1...e5 2.h3 d5
  • Anderssen's Opening, Andersspike: 1...g6 2.g4
  • Ware Opening, Wing Gambit: 1...b5 2.axb5 Bb7
  • Ware Opening, Ware Gambit: 1...e5 2.a5 d5 3.e3 f5 4.a6
  • Ware Opening, Crab Variation: 1...e5 2.h4
  • Sokolsky Opening, Birmingham Gambit: 1...c5
  • Sokolsky Opening, Outflank Variation: 1...c6
  • Sokolsky Opening, Schuhler Gambit: 1...c6 2.Bb2 a5 3.b5 cxb5 4.e4
  • Sokolsky Opening, Myers Variation: 1...d5 2.Bb2 c6 3.a4
  • Sokolsky Opening, Bugayev Attack: 1...e5 2.a3
  • Sokolsky Opening, Wolferts Gambit: 1...e5 2.Bb2 c5
  • Modern variation: 1...e5
  • Classical variation: 1...d5
  • Indian variation: 1...Nf6
  • Symmetrical variation: 1...b6
  • English variation: 1...c5
  • Polish variation: 1...b5
  • Dutch variation: 1...f5
  • From Gambit: 1...e5 (without: 2.e4)
  • Symmetrical variation: 1...f5
  • Mujannah-Sturm Gambit: 2.c4
  • Lasker variation: 2.e3
  • Williams Gambit: 2.e4
  • Santassiere's Folly: 2.b4
  • Nimzo-Larsen Attack: 2.b3
  • Keres variation: 2...Bg4
  • Yugoslav variation: 2...c6
  • Advance variation: 2...d4
  • Accepted: 2...dxc4
  • English Anglo-Dutch: 1...f5
  • English Vector: 1...d5
  • English,Jaenisch Gambit: 1...b5
  • English Bogoljubov variation: 3...Bg4
  • English London Defence: 3...Nf6 4.g3 Bf5
  • Anglo-Grünfeld: 2...d5
  • Botvinnik System: 6.e4
  • Geller variation: 6.g3 Qb6
  • Four Knights: 3.e3 Nf6 4.Nf3

A40–A44

1.d4 without 1...d5 or 1...Nf6: Atypical replies to 1.d4

A45–A49

1.d4 Nf6 without 2.c4: Atypical replies to 1...Nf6

A50–A79

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 without 2...e6 or 2...g6: Atypical Indian systems

A80–A99

1.d4 f5: Dutch Defence

B - Semi-Open Games other than the French Defense

B00–B19

1.e4 without 1...c5, 1...e6 or 1...e5

B20–B99

1.e4 c5: Sicilian Defence

C - Open Games and the French Defense

C00–C19

1.e4 e6: French Defence

C20–C99

1.e4 e5: Open Game

D - Closed Games and Semi-Closed Games

D00–D69

1.d4 d5: Closed Game

D70–D99

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 with 3...d5: Grünfeld Defence

E - Indian Defenses

E00–E59

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6: Indian systems with ...e6

E60–E99

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 without 3...d5: Indian systems with ...g6 (except Grünfeld)

Statistics

Moves 1800–1900 1901–1935 1935–1998
1. e4 e5 64% 31% 15%
1. e4 other 23% 20% 35%
1. d4 d5 10% 28% 15%
1. d4 other 3% 16% 23%
1. other 5% 12%

These statistics show a movement away from symmetrical defences to asymmetrical defences. In particlular, in reply to 1.e4, the Sicilian and French defences, and to 1.d4 the Indian defences. Also, particularly amongst strong players, an increased use of the English Opening for White.[1]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Watson, John (1998), Secrets of modern chess strategy (Part 2: New ideas and the modern revolution), London: Gambit, p. 93
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