Donald Trump (''Last Week Tonight'')

"Donald Trump"
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver episode

Comedian John Oliver atop a stage, wearing a suit and holding a microphone; in the background is the text "Drumpf"

John Oliver urges viewers to refer to Donald Trump as "Donald Drumpf"
Episode no. Season 3
Episode 3 (segment)
Presented by John Oliver
Original air date February 28, 2016
Running time 22 minutes

"Donald Trump" is a segment of the HBO news satire television series Last Week Tonight with John Oliver devoted to Donald Trump, who later became the President of the United States. It was first aired on February 28, 2016, as part of the third episode of the third season, when Trump was the frontrunner for the Republican Party nomination for the presidency. During the 22-minute segment, comedian John Oliver discusses Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and his career in business, outlining his campaign rhetoric, varying political positions and failed business ventures. He also says the Trump family name was changed at one point from the ancestral name "Drumpf".

Upon the segment's initial release, it went viral on YouTube and Facebook. By Super Tuesday on March 1, two days after the initial broadcast, Google Searches for "Donald Drumpf" had surpassed those for "Ted Cruz" and "Marco Rubio", who were competing against Trump for the Republican Party nomination at that time. In eight days, the segment accumulated 19 million views on YouTube alone, making it Last Week Tonight's most popular segment posted to YouTube. By the end of March, it had received a combined 85 million views on YouTube and Facebook.

The segment popularized the term "Donald Drumpf" – which as Oliver stated, was coined with the intent to uncouple the grandeur of the last name so Trump's supporters would be able to better acknowledge his political and entrepreneurial flaws, and started a campaign urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again" – a play on Trump's own campaign slogan, "Make America Great Again". Oliver created a hashtag and registered a web domain to promote this term, with the website offering a Google Chrome extension to change instances of "Trump" to "Drumpf" as well as selling baseball caps with the slogan "Make Donald Drumpf Again."

The segment also started a debate on when the Trump family renamed themselves from "Drumpf", with commentators disputing whether the family changed their name in the 17th or 19th century. However, they agreed that neither Donald Trump nor his father Fred ever carried the surname "Drumpf". Oliver stopped using the name "Drumpf" to refer to Donald Trump on subsequent segments, stating that the joke "went out of hand".

Episode description

Headshot of presidential candidate Donald Trump, wearing a suit and behind a microphone
The segment about Donald Trump (pictured) was part of the third episode of Last Week Tonight's third season.[1]

The 22-minute segment about Donald Trump was delivered by John Oliver on February 28, 2016, during the third episode of the third season of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver.[1] At the start of the episode's main segment, Oliver introduces the topic of Trump's presidential campaign by referring to it, and his dark horse popularity among Republican voters and supporters who traditionally did not vote in past presidential elections, as "America's back mole". Oliver says, "It may have seemed harmless a year ago, but now that it's become frighteningly bigger, it's no longer wise to ignore it."[2][3][4]

After summarizing his "unpredictable and entertaining" style and acknowledging his appeal to voters disenchanted with the American political establishment, Oliver then criticizes Trump as a "serial liar".[2][3][5][6] He outlines that Trump had lied many times in the past,[3] has made dubious and as of yet unsubstantiated claims regarding his net worth and had "a string of broken business ventures", including some of his real estate properties, "and the support of a former [Ku Klux] Klan leader [David Duke], who he can't decide whether or not to condemn".[2][7]

Oliver mentions that Trump claimed to have declined an invitation to appear on Last Week Tonight despite never having been invited by Oliver or his show's producers; that Trump was not self-funding his 2016 presidential campaign, despite Trump having said otherwise; that Trump University misled people, since it was not a university; that despite Trump's statement to the contrary, the related lawsuits were still pending; and that in an interview in the 2003 documentary Born Rich, Trump's daughter Ivanka had said that her father once portrayed himself as poorer than a homeless person.[2][8]

The comedian also says that Trump had failed to repudiate Duke in interviews with various Sunday morning talk shows on the day of the episode's broadcast, after Duke advocated his white supremacist supporters the previous week to endorse Trump due to the Republican candidate's campaign rhetoric.[2][9] Such rhetoric has been criticized ever since Trump's July 2015 campaign announcement, which promoted bigotry against several ethnicities. In particular, Trump's announcement espoused bigotry toward Hispanics regarding his plan to reform the American immigration system, specifically by stemming illegal immigration across the Mexico–United States border through the construction of a border wall, as well as suggesting that Mexico was importing drug dealers and criminals into the U.S. His speech also contained anti-Muslim statements, with Trump advocating a ban on Muslims seeking to enter the United States following a series of terror attacks perpetrated by members and sympathizers of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[10] Oliver also criticizes Trump's denial that he knew who Duke was, citing a 2000 NBC News interview in which Trump called Duke "a bigot [and] a racist", noting that having given such an answer despite the contradiction, Trump "is either racist or [is] pretending to be, and at some point, there's no difference there". In total, Trump was lying about three-fourths of the time according to Oliver, who cited a PolitiFact study of the statements made by Trump since the launch of his presidential campaign.[2][9]

Oliver then calls Trump inconsistent in the political views that he expressed during and prior to his campaign, saying that "he's been pro choice and pro life; he's been for and against assault weapon bans; in favor of both bringing in Syrian refugees and deporting them out of the country." Oliver says that Trump had advocated killing families of suspected terrorists as part of his strategy to defeat ISIS, which would constitute a war crime under the laws of the Geneva Convention, during a phone-in interview on Fox & Friends.[2][3]

Oliver states that Trump had frequently threatened to file lawsuits against various people, but had never actually filed these lawsuits, and has settled lawsuits filed against him about his never-completed condominium developments despite Trump's claim that he never settles any of his legal disputes.[2][11] He says that Trump was also sensitive about the size of his fingers due to a 1988 Spy feature piece that criticized him as a "short-fingered vulgarian".[2] The now-defunct magazine's editor, E. Graydon Carter—who discussed the story in a November 2015 Vanity Fair article—said that after the article was published, Trump would send envelopes enclosed with photos of himself at various times, with all of the pictures highlighting his fingers with a circular gold Sharpie to dispute the piece's claims.[9] Discussion of Trump's "short fingers" was later covered by other media,[12][13] but in a Twitter post two days after the segment's original broadcast, Trump said that he was not aware that people knew about his "short fingers".[14]

"Make Donald Drumpf Again"

Screenshot of a website, showing the request for trademark on the phrase "Drumpf"
The trademark request for the name "Drumpf" (pictured) was rejected.[15]

In the final portion of the segment, Oliver urges viewers to refer to Donald Trump by the Trump family's ancestral name of "Drumpf".[2][6] Oliver pointed out earlier in the piece that Trump had repeatedly mocked Jewish-American comedian Jon Stewart by referring to him as "Jonathan Leibowitz", the comedian's birth name. Oliver, an alumnus of Stewart's Daily Show, justified the "Drumpf" epithet by insisting that "[Trump] should be proud of his heritage!", parodying Trump's mockery of Stewart in a May 2013 Twitter post that Trump later denied having written. Oliver opines that this name is much more reflective of Trump's true nature, and says that if viewers wanted to vote for "the charismatic guy promising to make America great again", they should "stop and take a moment to imagine how [they] would feel if [they] just met a guy named Donald Drumpf".[2][3]

After noting the "powerful" and "almost onomatopoeic" connotation that the Trump surname has with some people, Oliver says of the ancestral name, "Drumpf is much less magical. It's the sound produced when a morbidly obese pigeon flies into the window of a foreclosed Old Navy. [...] It's the sound of a bottle of store-brand root beer falling off the shelf in a gas station minimart." The segment closes with Oliver walking toward a lighted "DRUMPF" sign, informing those watching the segment who are considering voting for Trump, "Don't vote for him because he tells it like it is. He's a bullshit artist. Don't vote for him because he's tough. He's a baby, with even smaller fingers. Don't vote for him because he's a builder. He's more of a shitty lifestyle brand." Oliver then challenges Trump to sue him over the segment.[2][3]

A trademark application for the word "Drumpf" was filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office by a company called Drumpf Industries, a limited liability company based in Delaware.[16][17] However, the request was rejected on the grounds that the proposed trademark would be based on a living person, i.e. Donald Trump, but that Trump had not given his written consent to trademark his name.[15][18] After the segment, Oliver also released a Google Chrome extension dubbed the "Drumpfinator", which changes all instances of "Trump" to "Drumpf" on webpages.[5] Oliver created the hashtag "#MakeDonaldDrumpfAgain" during the segment. He also registered the web domain "donaldjdrumpf.com". The website provided free downloads of the "Drumpfinator" Chrome extension as well as sold red baseball caps branded with the slogan "Make Donald Drumpf Again", which were modeled after Trump's red "Make America Great Again" caps.[3][19]

Reception and aftermath

Immediately after the segment had aired, web searches for "Donald Drumpf" went viral. By March 1, on which the "Super Tuesday" primaries were held, Google Searches for "Donald Drumpf" had surpassed those for "Ted Cruz" and "Marco Rubio", two of Trump's rivals for the Republican presidential nomination.[20]

By March 4, six days after the segment's air date, the "Drumpfinator" Chrome extension had received over 333,800 downloads and 5,800 reviews.[21] The Drumpfinator and similar extensions resulted in multiple outlets accidentally replacing Trump's name. The American Jewish Congress announced the results of a poll of their members that referred to the candidate as "Donald Drumpf", which they later acknowledged was an accident caused by someone's use of the extension.[22] Wired magazine published multiple articles replacing Trump's name with the phrase "Someone with Tiny Hands" in reference to the "Short-Fingered Vulgarian" meme, a result of another Chrome extension.[23][24]

Headshot of comedian John Oliver, wearing a suit and glasses
CNET said John Oliver (pictured in 2014) had "a greater purpose" than "mere satire", which was to influence Americans to vote against Trump.[25]

Reviewing the segment, Daniel Victor of The New York Times said "Donald Drumpf" was "a funny label", but stated that "some fairness might be in order". Victor stated that the Trump family had changed its name in the 17th century, and pointed out that many American entertainers and politicians, including Presidents Bill Clinton and Gerald Ford and rival presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, had changed their names.[26] CNET's Chris Matyszczyk called the segment a "lengthy excoriation" of Trump, and commented that Oliver had "a greater purpose" than "mere satire", which was to influence Americans to care enough to vote against Trump.[25]

After the segment, a Twitterbot named "DeepDrumpf" was created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Named after the Last Week Tonight segment, the bot uses neural network technology to post tweets in an imitation of Trump. In an interview, the bot's creator stated, "The algorithm essentially learns an underlying structure from all the data it gets, and then comes up with different combinations of the data that reflect the structure that it was taught."[27] He also said that if there were more data available, or even all the data that Facebook's AI system can analyze, then the neural network would be better able to mimic Trump.[28]

Within eight days of the original broadcast, the YouTube video of the segment surpassed 19 million views, making it Oliver's most watched segment.[19] By comparison, the previous episode's main segment had a little over four million views on YouTube by that date.[29] By the end of March, the segment had been viewed 23.3 million times on YouTube and 62 million times on Facebook, for a total of 85 million times on the two social media platforms, making its viewership "a record for any piece of HBO content".[30]

By March 8, ten days after the episode's broadcast, the donaldjdrumpf.com website had sold over 35,000 "Make Donald Drumpf Again" hats, comprising all of the inventory on hand. The Chrome extension had also been downloaded 433,000 times.[19] (In November, shortly after Trump's election, the cap manufacturer filed for bankruptcy, though this had nothing to do directly with the manufacturing of these specific hats.[31]) Other merchandise satirizing Trump was also sold by other retailers, with Bustle magazine creating a list of such merchandise.[32]

Freelance journalist S. I. Rosenbaum, writing for the Washington Post, criticized Oliver's "Donald Drumpf" appellation as xenophobic toward German Americans and other immigrant groups who anglicized their names upon immigration, saying that the phrase "traffics in the very xenophobia that is Trump's sick stock in trade." Rosenbaum wrote, "We have a long history of this sort of thing in this country of immigrants – bestowing foreign-sounding names to imply that the target isn't really an American."[33] Oliver later said that the joke "got out of hand" and never used it on the show again.[34] In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine, he said, "That joke became old for us very quickly. There's a reason we didn't use it again. It really is the song I skip past. It's 'Creep.' It's a good song, Thom Yorke! It was a good song when he wrote it."[35]

Name change timing dispute

Black and white image of U.S. Immigration records on a tattered piece of paper. Line 33 mentions "Friedr. Trumpf", age 16, born in "Kallstadt", Germany.
U.S. Immigration records from 1885 mention a "Friedr. Trumpf", age 16, born in Kallstadt, Germany. Frederick Trump, Donald Trump's grandfather, had immigrated to the United States that year.[36][37]

While there was agreement among commentators that Drumpf was Trump's ancestral name, and that neither Donald Trump nor his father were named Drumpf,[38][lower-alpha 1] they disagreed on whether the family name was changed in the 17th century or well into the 19th century, when Trump's grandfather Frederick Trump immigrated to the United States.[39] Kim LaCapria of Snopes.com, a popular rumor-debunking website, reported that Drumpf was indeed the original family name, but the writers at Snopes were unable to determine what year the name was changed to Trump.[40]

Some commentators stated that the name change happened sometime during Frederick Trump's lifetime, and that he was born as Friedrich Drumpf.[16][41] Gwenda Blair, Trump's longtime biographer, appeared in an interview with Deutsche Welle in 2015, where she stated "[Donald's] grandfather Friedrich Drumpf came to the United States in 1885 which was the height of German immigration to the United States when he was 16."[42] In September 2015, after the genealogical website Ancestry.com released the lineages of several famous families—including the Trump and Astor families—the New York Daily News reported that Frederick Trump had been given the name "Friedrich Drumpf" upon his birth in Germany in 1869.[43] However, in U.S. immigration records from 1885, Friedrich's name is transcribed as "Friedr. Trumpf", the name under which he was processed when he entered the United States that year.[36][37]

However, other published sources said that the name change occurred in the 17th century. In the 2015 book The Trumps: Three Generations of Builders and a Presidential Candidate, an excerpt from which the program used to cite the ancestral name disclosure for the segment, biographer Gwenda Blair wrote that the Trumps' family name was changed during the Thirty Years' War. She cited that one ancestor, named John Philip Trump, lived in the 17th century. Blair also wrote that Frederick Trump's original name was Friedrich Trump, and his father, born in the 19th century, was Johannes Trump.[44] This position was endorsed by The Boston Globe,[45] as well as by Daniel Victor, a reporter for The New York Times who wrote, "Despite mistaken impressions, Mr. Trump and his recent relatives had nothing to do with the surname change. Mr. Oliver himself was careful to refer to a 'prescient ancestor'."[26] Kate Connolly of The Guardian – who visited Kallstadt, the German village where Trump's grandfather was born – referred to Frederick as "Friedrich Trump", saying that "the Trump family name has had various permutations over the past five hundred years, according to the local church register"; she did not mention the name "Drumpf", however.[46]

Several sources reported that Friedrich, his father, and his aunt were all named Trump, thus placing the name change to before the 18th century. For instance, genealogy organization FamilySearch provided information on Friedrich Trump, listing his father as Johann Ii Trump,[47] while a genealogist at About.com listed Donald Trump's grandfather as Friederich Trump and great-grandfather as Christian Johannes Trump.[48] In his 2013 book America's Obsessives: The Compulsive Energy That Built a Nation, Joshua Kendall wrote that Frederick's father and aunt, and by extension Donald Trump's great-grandfather and great-grandaunt, were called John Trump and Charlotte Luise Trump, respectively.[49]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The claim is taken from Gwenda Blair, The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire (2001), p. 26, where it is implied that the surname originates with one Hanns Drumpf recorded in Kallstadt in 1608.[38]

References

  1. 1 2 Keri Blakinger (March 21, 2016). "Oliver dumps on Trump's wall plans on 'Last Week Tonight'". Daily News. New York: News Corp. OCLC 9541172. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 John Oliver (February 28, 2016). Donald Trump. HBO. Retrieved August 16, 2016 – via YouTube.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "John Oliver Demolishes 'Serial Liar' Donald Trump". The Huffington Post. AOL. February 29, 2016. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  4. ↑ Amanda Taub (March 1, 2016). "The rise of American authoritarianism". Vox.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  5. 1 2 Marlow Stern (February 29, 2016). "John Oliver Destroys Donald Trump: 'You Are Either a Racist or You Are Pretending to Be'". The Daily Beast. IAC. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  6. 1 2 Justin Wm. Moyer (February 29, 2016). "John Oliver slams Trump, a.k.a. Donald 'Drumpf,' for 22 brutal minutes". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings LLC. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  7. ↑ Sarene Leeds (February 29, 2016). "John Oliver Takes on Donald Trump, Implores America to 'Make Donald Drumpf Again'". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  8. ↑ Melissa Locker (February 29, 2016). "John Oliver Takes on Donald Trump on Last Week Tonight". Time. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 Ryan Reed (February 29, 2016). "Watch John Oliver Annihilate Donald Trump, Re-Brand 'Drumpf'". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  10. ↑ "Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech". Time. June 16, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  11. ↑ Sara Hunter Smith (February 29, 2016). "John Oliver Destroys Donald Trump in 'Last Week Tonight' Rant". Inquisitr. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  12. ↑ Libby Nelson (March 2, 2016). "Donald Trump's deep insecurity about his "short fingers," explained". Vox. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  13. ↑ Libby Nelson (June 17, 2016). ""Tiny hands," the insult that's been driving Donald Trump bonkers since 1988, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Donald Trump denies knowing anything about people making fun of his 'small fingers'". The Week. The Week Publications. March 1, 2016. ISSN 1533-8304. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  15. 1 2 "U.S. TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 86921166 - DRUMPF - N/A". United States Patent and Trademark Office. May 5, 2016. Retrieved 2017-08-03. Accordingly, because Donald Trump’s written consent is not of record, registration must be refused pursuant to Section 2(c) of the Trademark Act.
  16. 1 2 "'Drumpf' trademark application filed". World Intellectual Property Review. March 3, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Primarily Merely a Drumpf". JD Supra. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Trump in second win as rejected 'Drumpf' TM gains no response". World Intellectual Property Review. November 18, 2016. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  19. 1 2 3 "John Oliver Sells Out of 'Make Donald Drumpf Again' Caps". The New York Times. March 9, 2016. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  20. ↑ "'Donald Drumpf' Is Beating Rubio and Cruz for Second in Google Searches". The New York Times. March 2, 2016. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  21. ↑ Tracy Swartz (March 4, 2016). "Donald Drumpf browser extension installed more than 333K times". Chicago Tribune. Tronc. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  22. ↑ Gabe Friedman (March 11, 2016). "'Donald Drumpf' is runner-up in American Jewish Congress presidential poll". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  23. ↑ John Bonazzo (March 9, 2016). "Wired Called Donald Trump 'Someone With Tiny Hands' in Several Articles". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  24. ↑ Alistair Charlton (March 10, 2016). "How Two Wired articles changed Donald Trump's name to 'Someone with Tiny Hands'". International Business Times. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  25. 1 2 Chris Matyszczyk (March 2, 2016). "John Oliver slams Trump for 22 minutes, creates new hashtag for him". CNET. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  26. 1 2 Daniel Victor (March 2, 2016). "Donald Drumpf: A Funny Label, but Is It Fair". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017.
  27. ↑ Quinten Plummer (March 5, 2016). "@DeepDrumpf Is An AI-Powered Twitterbot That Tweets Like Donald Trump". Tech Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  28. ↑ Bonnie Burton (March 4, 2016). "Drumpf Twitterbot learns to imitate Trump via deep-learning algorithm". CNET. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2016. The Twitterbot DeepDrumpf takes its name from "Last Week Tonight" host and comedian John Oliver who lambasted Trump on his February 28 show
  29. ↑ Aaron Blake (March 7, 2016). "Forget 'Donald Drumpf.' This new John Oliver segment is well worth a few minutes of your time". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings LLC. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  30. ↑ Brian Stelter (March 30, 2016). "Even John Oliver enjoys a Drumpf bump". CNN. Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  31. ↑ Stech, Katy (November 18, 2016). "Manufacturer of 'Make Donald Drumpf Again' Parody Hats Files for Bankruptcy". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  32. ↑ Melissa Cruz (March 3, 2016). "Other Amazing Donald Drumpf Merchandise You Can Buy, Because Pissing Off Donald Trump Is Priceless". Bustle. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  33. ↑ Rosenbaum, S. I. (March 3, 2016). "John Oliver's 'Donald Drumpf' jokes play on the same ugly xenophobia Trump does". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings LLC. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016.
  34. ↑ Britton, Luke Morgan (February 7, 2017). "John Oliver compares his 'Make Donald Drumpf Again' joke to Radiohead's 'Creep'". NME. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  35. ↑ Hiatt, Brian (February 7, 2017). "John Oliver Takes on the Trump Era: The Rolling Stone Interview". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  36. 1 2 Widmer, Ted (October 1, 2016). "An Immigrant Named Trump". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  37. 1 2 Bump, Philip (August 3, 2017). "Under Trump’s new immigration rule, his own grandfather likely wouldn’t have gotten in". Washington Post. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  38. 1 2 Melissa Locker. "John Oliver Takes on Donald Trump On Last Week Tonight". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on March 27, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  39. ↑ "¿Quién es Donald J Drumpf y por qué genera tanta controversia en EE.UU.?" (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  40. ↑ Kim LaCapria (March 1, 2016). "TRUE: Trump's Family Surname Was Once 'Drumpf'". Snopes. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  41. ↑ Ghosh, Palash (April 19, 2011). "Trump or Drumpf – What’s In A Name?". International Business Times. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  42. ↑ "What Donald Trump learned from his German grandpa Friedrich Drumpf". Deutsche Welle. September 9, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  43. ↑ Adams Otis, Ginger (September 2, 2015). "Trump, Astor and other wealthy NYC families' wills revealed". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  44. ↑ Blair, Gwenda (2001). The Trumps: Three Generations of Builders and a Presidential Candidate. Simon and Schuster. pp. 26–27. ISBN 9781501139369. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  45. ↑ Britt Peterson (September 9, 2015). "Why Donald Trump trumps Donald Drumpf". Boston Globe. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  46. ↑ Kate Connolly (January 29, 2016). "Kallstadt, Germany: on the trail of 'the Donald' in the Trump ancestral home". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Friedrich Trump". FamilySearch. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  48. ↑ Kimberly Powell. "Ancestry of Donald Trump – Great Grandparents". About.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  49. ↑ Joshua Kendall (2013). "America's Obsessives: The Compulsive Energy That Built a Nation". Grand Central Publishing. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016 – via Google Books. John Henry Heinz's mother was Charlotte Luise Trump, a sister of the Donald's great-grandfather, John Trump
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