Don Freeman

Don Freeman
Freeman at work c. 1954
Born	(1908-08-11)August 11, 1908 San Diego, California
Died	January 1, 1978(1978-01-01) (aged 69)[1]
Nationality	American
Area(s)	Cartoonist, Penciller
Notable works	Corduroy
donfreeman.net

Don Freeman (August 11, 1908 – January 1, 1978) was an American painter, printmaker, cartoonist, and an illustrator and writer of children's books. He was active from the 1930s to the 1970s.^[2]

Early life

Freeman was born in San Diego, attended high school in St. Louis, and later went to New York City, where he studied graphic design and lithography at the Art Students League with John Sloan and Harry Wickey.

Career

Frequent subjects of Freeman's included Broadway theater, politics, and the circus. Freeman was known for carrying a sketchbook with him wherever he went. His images depicted New York City, and the faces of the people he observed on the streets, in the theaters, and in the subways. They often included images of showgirls, Bowery Boys, drunks, apple sellers, window washers and numerous citizens of the city that were down on their luck. Freeman was also a jazz musician and the brother of hotel entrepreneur Warren Freeman.

As Freeman's career progressed, he lightened his palette and depicted more upbeat subjects. In 1951, he began illustrating children's books. His wife, Lydia, who was also an accomplished artist, authored some of the books Freeman illustrated. The Freemans eventually moved to Santa Barbara, California, where they spent the remainder of their lives.^[3]

Don Freeman was first introduced to children's literature when William Saroyan asked him to illustrate several books. However, his greatest influence came from the artist Honoré Daumier. Freeman studied many of Daumier's works as well as possessing a large collection of books on the artist.

Throughout Don Freeman's career, he was the writer and illustrator of more than 20 children's books. He is best known for his publication of Corduroy. Although he came up with many of his ideas on his own, his wife Lydia Freeman contributed greatly to his success; indeed, she co-wrote two books with him, Chuggy and the Blue Caboose and Pet of the Met. She was very influential on her husband's work, as he relied on her for inspiration for his pieces. He would read his work aloud to her as well as any children around in order to gain feedback on a particular piece.^[4] Lydia too became a well-known artist in her later life. In his autobiography "Come One, Come All!^[5] Don humorously admits that of the two, she was the better (watercolor) artist.

"Simplicity is the essence of children's-book stories, not simple-mindedness", Don Freeman once stated when speaking to an audience that was interested in writing, illustrating, and publishing children's books.^[6]

When Freeman lived in New York City during the 1930s, 40s, and early 1950s, he was a brilliant illustrator of city life in the best traditions of Social Realism. His subjects were the actors and actresses of Broadway—from Orson Welles to Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne to the man in the street or the charwomen who scrubbed the stage after the actors and the audience went home. His cartoons and other illustrations appeared regularly in the New York Herald Tribune, The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and Theater Magazine. Freeman also self-published Don Freeman's Newsstand, a short-lived quarterly magazine, each page of which was an original lithograph.^[7]

In 1976, Freeman was recognized by the City of New York for his body of work portraying the city. The New York Daily News reported on the Citation from Mayor Abraham D. Beame, which was presented to Freeman at the opening of a one-man retrospective exhibition.^[8] In a measure of Freeman's national fame, The Christian Science Monitor covered the 1976 exhibition, as well as a 1978 retrospective, both of which showcased Freeman's drawings, oils, prints, and his limited-edition self-published periodical, Don Freeman's Newsstand.^{[9][10][11][12]}

Selected works

• It Shouldn't Happen (Harcourt, Brace, 1945), 212 pp., LCCN 45-7182
• Come One, Come All! (Rinehart, 1949) – "drawn from memory by Don Freeman", LCCN 49-11554
• Chuggy and the Blue Caboose, written by Don and Lydia Freeman (Viking, 1951)
• Pet of the Met, Don and Lydia Freeman (1953)

• Gregory's Shadow (Viking, 2000)
• Manuelo the Playing Mantis (2004)
• Earl the Squirrel (2005)

The two Corduroy books by Freeman (1968 and 1978) were also issued in one volume as All About Corduroy [1978?].^[13] Other writers and illustrators have extended the series "based on the character created by Don Freeman".^[14]

As illustrator only

• Diedrich Knickerbocker's History of New-York, written by Washington Irving (The Heritage Press, 1940), LCCN 40-31939; original, 1809
• My Name Is Aram, by William Saroyan (Harcourt, Brace, 1940), collection
• The Human Comedy, by William Saroyan (Harcourt, 1942)
• The White Deer, by James Thurber (1945) – "illustrated by the author and Don Freeman" LCCN 45-35191
• The Saroyan Special: selected short stories, by William Saroyan (Harcourt, 1948)
• Bill Bergson Lives Dangerously, by Astrid Lindgren (Viking, 1954); original, 1951, Swedish
• Mike's House, Julia L. Sauer (1954)
• Ghost Town Treasure, Clyde Robert Bulla (1957)
• This For That, Ann Nolan Clark (Golden Gate Junior Books, 1966), OCLC 276516
• Joey's Cat, Robert J. Burch (1969)
• Monster Night at Grandma's House, Richard Peck (1977)
• Dinosaur, My Darling, Edith Thacher Hurd (Harper & Row, 1978)
• The Day Is Waiting, Linda Z. Knab (Viking, 1980)

References

External links

• Official website
• "Oral History interview with Don Freeman, 1965 June 4" in Research Collections of the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
• Figureworks.com/20th Century work at www.figureworks.com
• Don Freeman Biography
• Documentary film on how Don Freeman created a book on YouTube
• Don Freeman Autobiography
• Don Freeman at Library of Congress Authorities, with 129 catalog records
• Lydia Freeman at LC Authorities, with 4 records
• Don Freeman artwork collected by M. Lee Stone, circa 1940s-1960s, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences