Dodge M37

Dodge M37
M37 cargo truck
Type	3⁄4-ton 4x4 truck
Place of origin	United States
Production history
Manufacturer	Dodge
Produced	1951-1968
No. built	115,838
Specifications (with winch[1])
Weight	5,917 lb (2,684 kg) (empty)
Length	15 ft 10 in (4.83 m)
Width	6 ft 11 in (2.11 m)
Height	7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)
Engine	Dodge T-245 78 hp (58 kW)
Transmission	4 speed X 2 range
Suspension	Live beam axles on leaf springs
Operational range	225 mi (362 km)
Speed	55 mph (89 km/h)

An M56 used as fire truck in Lane Motor Museum

The Dodge M37  ³⁄₄-ton 4x4 truck (G741) was Dodge's follow-up to their successful WC Series from WWII. Introduced in 1951 it was used extensively by the United States armed forces during the Korean war. During the 1970s, they were replaced by the commercial truck based  1 ¹⁄₄-ton M715 and M880 series.

History

Six prototypes of the vehicle were produced in early-to-mid 1950 based on the WC series Dodge vehicles used in World War II, with the first pre-production pilot vehicle rolling off the assembly line on 14 December 1950.^[2] Many of the components on the M37 are similar or identical to the World War II vehicle and many deficiencies of the previous series were corrected in the M37. Notably, a conventional pickup truck style bed replaced the platform on the World War II vehicle, simplifying production. There was significant drivetrain and powerplant commonality with the WDX series civilian Power Wagons. Outside of the fenders, there were sheet metal differences between all the vehicles.

Production of the M37 began in earnest in January 1951, with approximately 11,000 vehicles made by the end of that year. By mid-1954 63,000 of the vehicles had been produced. In 1958 a number of modifications to the design resulted in the new vehicles being designated as M37B1. From mid-1958 until the end of production 47,600 M37B1 vehicles were produced. Approximately 4,500 Canadian M37CDNs were also produced between 1951 and 1955. These vehicles continued in service worldwide in the Israeli and Greek militaries.

In total, between 1951 and 1968, 115,000 M37s were produced. It was common in the 1970 and 1980s to encounter these vehicles in government auctions. Many of the vehicles were transferred to civilian agencies and some are still in use today in rural areas. They were out of significant military service by the late 1970s, replaced by the M715 and M880 series of military trucks.

Variants

Dodge M42 in the Overloon Museum

Dodge R2 at the Hellenic Air Force Museum

M152 truck 1952

• M42 command truck
• V-41 telephone maintenance vehicle, also M201
• M43 ambulance
• M56 tool truck, has a bumper-mounted winch
• M152 enclosed utility truck, Canadian variant
• R2 air field fire engine
• V-126 truck, for AN/MPX-7 radar
• M283 Long Wheel Base (LWB) Cargo Truck
• MB2 Fire and Rescue Truck (M56 with Gichner body)
• M506 truck, hydrogen peroxide servicer, PGM-11 Redstone

Specifications

Engine

The powerplant was identical to the World War II era WC vehicles line, as was most of the drivetrain. The straight-six cylinder engine was derived from a 1930s era passenger vehicle engine that was widely produced. This was in line with a long-standing military procurement strategy that attempted to use commercially produced vehicle variants in military service.

Many deficiencies with aging design became apparent in the 1960s, including a tendency of the connecting rods to fail at high rpms due to the long cylinder stroke of the engine. As the average speed of the vehicles in the military increased, these engine failures became commonplace due to the low gear ratio of the vehicle, which was originally designed as a multipurpose vehicle capable of transporting heavy loads of ammunition.

• Model: T245 Dodge
• Type: "L" Head, 6 cylinder
• Power: 78 bhp (58.2 kW) at 3200 rpm
• Displacement: 230 cubic inches (3.8 L) (Canadian version used the larger 250.6 cu in (4.1 L) engine)
• Bore: 3 ¹⁄₄ in (82.6 mm), Stroke: 4 ⁵⁄₈ in (117 mm)
• Oil capacity: 6 U.S. quarts (5.7 l)
• Radiator capacity: 25 U.S. quarts (24 l)
• Carter carburetor Model ETW-1 sidedraft

Driveline

Clutch

• Borg & Beck Model 11828 10 in (250 mm) single plate dry disc (Borg & Beck 11 inch clutch on Canadian version.)

Transmission

• New Process Model 88950 (or NP420)(Acme Model T-98 on Canadian version)
• 4-speed, Synchro-Shift in 3rd and 4th gear

Transfer Case

• New Process 88845 (or NP200)
• Ratio: High 1:1, low 1.96:1
• Twin lever operation, one for 4×4 or 4×2 selection, one for hi or low range

Drive Shaft

• MFG Universal Products

Axles

• Dodge Full Floating (hypoid), ratio 5.83:1
• Front Universal Drive New Process (Tracta joint)

Chassis

Fuel tank

• 24 U.S. gallons (91 L; 20 imp gal) tank (vented through engine air intake for fording purposes)

Electrical

• Ignition, starting, lights, 24 volts

Brakes

• Wagner hydraulic drum
• Parking—external contracting band, 48 square inches (310 cm²)

Steering

• Gemmer Model B-60, worm and sector type

Wheelbase

• Cargo Model M37 and Command Model M42: 112 in (2.8 m)
• Ambulance Model M43 and Tele. Maint. Model V41: 126 in (3.2 m)

Weight

• M37 without winch: 5,687 lb (2,580 kg), M37 with winch 5,987 lb (2,716 kg)

Tire Size

• 9.00 × 16 - 8 ply non-directional military

Winch

• Braden LU-4, PTO operated, 7,500 lb (3,400 kg) capacity (250’ of 7/16" wire rope [75 m by 11 mm] – 10’ [3 m] chain with hook)

Replacement program

During the late 1960s a competition has been initiated by the Army, which requested the U.S. automotive industry leading companies to submit their proposals for the replacement. Several prototype vehicles passed through the preliminary examination, eventually leading the military to accept General Motors XM705 1 ¹⁄₄-ton Truck, which was supposed to replace both the M37 and M715 series of trucks. Nevertheless, Congress cut funds for that replacement, and the XM705 never reached the assembly line. Below are the comparative specifications of the mentioned vehicles.^[3]

Gallery

• 
  1953 straight six
• 
  1953 M37
• 
  Interior of 1953 M37
• 
  M37 in front of B17

See also

• G-numbers
• List of Dodge automobiles
• Dodge WC54
• List of U.S. military vehicles by model number

References

• Crismon, Fred W. (2001). US Military Wheeled Vehicles (3 ed.). Victory WWII Publications. pp. 243–245. ISBN 0-970056-71-0. 
• Doyle, David (2003). Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles. Krause Publications. pp. 62–69. ISBN 0-87349-508-X. 
• TM 9-2320-212-10 M37 Series Operator's Manual. US Dept. of the Army. 1973.  |access-date= requires |url= (help)
• TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles. US Dept. of the Army. February 1953. pp. 169, 172, 174. Retrieved 1 December 2014. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dodge M37.

• Dodge M37 Resource
• Dodge M37 Registry
• M37B1  ³⁄₄ Ton Gun Truck
• V-126 radar truck