Dionycha
| Dionycha | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Marpissa muscosa | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Clade: | Entelegynae |
| Clade: | Dionycha |
| Diversity | |
| 17 families | |
The Dionycha are a clade of spiders (Araneomorphae:Entelegynae), characterized by the possession of two tarsal claws with tufts of hairs (setae) beside them, which produce strong adhesion, enabling some species to climb glass.[1] The circumscription of the group has varied widely; a 2014 analysis resulted in about 20 families, including Salticidae (jumping spiders), Thomisidae (crab spiders), and Clubionidae.[2] Spiders in this group have better senses (sight, hearing) than others, some even show courtship dances and songs.
The Dionycha are now considered to be a subgroup of the larger RTA clade.[1] Most species hunt their prey instead of building webs.
There are no cribellate members in the Dionycha.[3]
Today it is thought that the reduction of the third claw present in ancestral spiders evolved several times independently,[2] so this alone is not a criterion that defines the clade.
Families
In 2014, Martín J. Ramírez published a major study of the phylogeny of Dionycha. He included the families listed below, where * means that the family may not be monophyletic or there is some other reason why its inclusion is not straightforward. Two subclades were found: the "OMT clade", marked by the possession of an oblique median tapetum, and the "CTC clade", nested within the OMT clade, marked by a particular kind of claw tuft clasper.[2]
- Dionycha
- Anyphaenidae*
- Clubionidae*
- Corinnidae*
- Eutichuridae
- Miturgidae
- Philodromidae
- Salticidae
- Selenopidae
- Sparassidae
- Thomisidae
- OMT clade
- Lamponidae
- Liocranidae* (in part: the Teutamus Group)
- CTC clade
Footnotes
- 1 2 Garrison, Nicole L.; Rodriguez, Juanita; Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hamilton, Christopher A.; Hedin, Marshal; Kocot, Kevin M.; Ledford, Joel M. & Bond, Jason E. (2015). "Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life". PeerJ PrePrints. 3: e1852. doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.1482v1.
- 1 2 3 Ramírez (2014).
- ↑ Griswold et al. 1999
References
- J. Bosselaers and R. Jocqué. 2002. Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta 31:241-270.
- J. A. Coddington and H. W. Levi. 1991. Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:565-592.
- Griswold, C.E., Coddington, J.A., Platnick, N.I. and Forster, R.R. (1999). Towards a Phylogeny of Entelegyne Spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae). Journal of Arachnology 27:53-63. PDF
- Ramírez, M. (2014). The morphology and phylogeny of Dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2015-10-31.