Xiandai Hanyu Cidian

Contemporary Chinese Dictionary
Author Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Research Institutes of Language Department of Dictionary
Country  China
Language Chinese
Genre Dictionary
Publisher Commercial Press (Beijing)
Publication date
 December 1978 (1st edition)
September 2016 (7th edition)
Pages 1799 pages
ISBN 9787100124508

Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (simplified Chinese: 现代汉语词典; traditional Chinese: 現代漢語詞典; pinyin: Xiàndài Hànyǔ Cídiǎn), also known as the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary, is an authoritative one-volume Chinese language dictionary published by the Commercial Press, now into its 7th (2016) edition. It was originally edited by Lü Shuxiang and Ding Shengshu as a reference work on modern Standard Chinese. Compilation started in 1958 and trial editions were issued in 1960 and 1965, with a number of copies printed in 1973 for internal circulation and comments, but due to the Cultural Revolution the final draft was not completed until the end of 1977, and the first formal edition was not published until December 1978. It was the first People's Republic of China dictionary to be arranged according to Hanyu Pinyin, the phonetic standard for Standard Chinese, with explanatory notes in simplified Chinese. The subsequent second through seventh editions were respectively published in 1983, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2012 and 2016.

The first edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian won China's First National Book Award and was compiled as an authoritative reference work for modern native Chinese speakers. Although Xiandai Hanyu Cidian is not as comprehensive as the multi-volumed Hanyu Da Cidian, the single-volume dictionary is popular, especially amongst students at tertiary levels and the general populace. In comparison, the more compactly sized Xinhua Zidian tends to target native learners at the primary to secondary levels.

The seventh edition contains about 70,000 entries including characters, words and expressions, idiomatic phrases and idioms. The dictionary is also available in digital format on CD-ROMs and Traditional Chinese digital versions.

Editions

Edition Release date Number of entries ISBN
Trial 1960 Unknown -
Trial 1965 Unknown -
1st 1978 56,000 National Standard Book Number of China 17017-91
2nd 1983 56,000 ISBN 7-100-00044-0
3rd 1996 60,000 ISBN 9787100017770
4th 2002 61,000 ISBN 9787100034777
5th 26 July 2005 65,000 ISBN 9787100043854
6th 1 June 2012 69,000 ISBN 9787100084673
7th 1 September 2016 70,000 ISBN 9787100124508

New entries in the 6th edition

[1]

Type of entries Examples Respective Pronunciation (in Pinyin) Remarks Respective English Translation
Economic 产业链, 环比, 负资产, 第一桶金, 民营企业, 非公有制经济, 文化产业 chǎnyèliàn, huánbǐ, fùzīchǎn, dìyītǒngjīn, mínyíng qǐyè, fēigōngyǒuzhì jīngjì, wénhuà chǎnyè supply chain, compared with the last same statistical period, negative equity, first pot of gold, private enterprise, non-common ownership sector, cultural industry
Social management 医疗保险, 医改, 民调, 首问制, 调峰, 限行, 摇号, 调节税 yīliáo bǎoxiǎn, yīgǎi, míndiào, shǒuwènzhì, tiáofēng, xiànxíng, yáohào, tiáojiéshuì health insurance, healthcare reform, opinion poll, first asked responsibility system, peak regulation, driving restriction, (licence plate) lottery, regulatory tax
Daily life 产权证, 房贷, 群租, 二手房, 廉租房, 两限房, 动车, 屏蔽门, 高铁, 轨道交通, 车贷, 车险, 代驾, 酒驾, 醉驾 chǎnquánzhèng, fángdài, qúnzū, èrshǒufáng, liánzūfáng, liǎngxiànfáng, dòngchē, píngbìmén, gāotiě, guǐdào jiāotōng, chēdài, chēxiǎn, dàijià, jiǔjià, zuìjià property right certificate, home loan, group-oriented leasing, second-hand home, low-rent housing, apartment with double limitations, multiple unit/power car, platform screen door, high-speed rail, rail transport, car loan, car insurance, designated driving, drunk driving (0.02%<BAC<0.08%), drunk driving (BAC>0.08%)
New lifestyle 拼车, 拼购, 团购, 网购, 网聊, 瘦身, 塑身, 茶叙, 自驾游, 自助游, 背包客 pīnchē, pīngòu, tuángòu, wǎnggòu, wǎngliáo, shòushēn, sùshēn, cháxù, zìjiàyóu, zìzhùyóu, bēibāokè carpooling, shop-pooling, group buying, online shopping, online chatting, slimming, body shaping, tea gathering, self-drive tour, DIY travel, backpacker
IT and Internet 播客, 博客, 博文, 跟帖, 超媒体, 电子书, 电子政务, 内联网, 物联网, 网评, 网瘾, 微博, 云计算 bōkè, bókè, bówén, gēntiě, chāoméitǐ, diànzǐshū, diànzǐ zhèngwù, nèiliánwǎng, wùliánwǎng, wǎngpíng, wǎngyǐn, wēibó, yúnjìsuàn podcast, blog, blog post, follow-up thread, hypermedia, e-book, e-government, Intranet, Internet of Things, online comment, Internet addiction, microblog, cloud computing
Starting with letters CPI, PPI, PM2.5, ETC, ECFA, FTA Read according to English pronunciation Native terms: 居民消费价格指数,[2] 工业生产者出厂价格指数, 细颗粒物, 电子不停车收费, 海峡两岸经济合作框架协议, 自由贸易协定 CPI, PPI, PM2.5, ETC, ECFA, FTA (Free-trade Agreement)
Loanwords from English 晒, 博客, 微博, 丁克, 粉丝, 嘉年华, 桑拿, 舍宾, 斯诺克, 脱口秀 shài, bókè, wēibó, dīngkè, fěnsī, jiāniánhuá, sāngná, shěbīn, sīnuòkè, tuōkǒuxiù 微博 < 微 (micro-) + abbr. of 博客, 粉丝 < "fans" share (to tell to another), blog, microblog, DINK, fan, carnival, sauna, shaping (sport), snooker, talk show
Loanwords from Japanese 刺身, 定食, 寿司, 天妇罗, 榻榻米, 通勤, 手帐, 数独 cìshēn, dìngshí, shòusī, tiānfùluō, tàtàmǐ, tōngqín, shǒuzhàng, shùdú Original forms and readings (in Japanese): 刺身 sashimi, 定食 teishoku, 寿司 sushi, 天婦羅 tenpura, 畳 tatami, 通勤 tsūkin, 手帳 techō, 数独 sūdoku sashimi, teishoku (set meal), sushi, tempura, tatami, commute, diary/appointment book, sudoku
Terms from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau 八卦, 搞掂(or 搞定), 狗仔队, 无厘头, 手信, 饮茶 bāguà, gǎodiān (or gǎodìng), gǒuzǎiduì, wúlítóu, shǒuxìn, yǐnchá gossip, fixed/handled, paparazzi, funky, souvenir, yum cha
Terms from Taiwan 软体, 硬体, 网路, 数位, 太空人, 幽浮, 捷运, 呛声, 力挺, 糗, 出糗, 拜票, 谢票, 站台 ruǎntǐ, yìngtǐ, wǎnglù, shùwèi, tàikōngrén, yōufú, jiéyùn, qiàngshēng, lìtǐng, qiǔ, chūqiǔ, bàipiào, xièpiào, zhàntái software, hardware, network, digital, astronaut, UFO, rapid transit, provoke, in support of, embarrassing, make a fool of oneself, Canvass for votes, thank for votes, show up and support

Traditional Chinese edition

Published in 2001 by the Commercial Press (Hong Kong). It contains about 60,000 entries, all entries labeled with Zhuyin alongside Hanyu Pinyin.

Controversies

Xiandai Hanyu Cidian had given discriminatory explanations to certain words and phrases. An example was the word "homosexuality" (simplified Chinese: 同性恋; traditional Chinese: 同性戀; pinyin: Tóngxìngliàn). From the first edition in 1978 (the entry in that edition is 同性恋爱 Tóng xìng liàn ài - literally 'same-sex love') to the fourth edition in 2002 of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, the definition of the term had been "determined" as "a type of psychological perversion". In the 2005 5th edition, the term was redefined as "sexual behaviour between persons of the same sex", with no obvious discrimination in the content.

In the sixth edition, even though it contains a large number of new vocabulary, the word 同志 Tóngzhì ("comrade") which is an informal term for "a homosexual person", was not included in the dictionary. This could be because the term is often construed as a sarcastic reference to the Communist Party of China, according to Sociology Professor Ding Xueliang of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.[3] The original term is a common form of political address in China, e.g. Comrade Hu Jintao, Comrade Wen Jiabao.

Some detractors complained that "Entries starting with the Western alphabet" section in the 6th edition allegedly violated the regulation - "Chinese language publications shall comply with the norms and standards of the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese language" in laws such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language and Publication Control Regulations of the State Council (State Council Act No. 594). The act of using English vocabulary in the main body of a Chinese dictionary, and using English to substitute for Chinese characters, according to these detractors, will cause the greatest damage to the Chinese characters since the romanization of Chinese, and will have a long-term negative impact on the language.[4]

The publisher, the Commercial Press, replied that the section is meant just for easy references when looking up the dictionary. The Commercial Press says that according a rule stated in a 2010 document by the State Council Office Secretariat, alphabetical entries recorded in Chinese dictionaries written by state authorities did not have corresponding Chinese translations. Hence, it is absolutely fine to include them in dictionaries.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 3,000 New Entries Added to the Most Popular Chinese Dictionary http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2012-07/15/c_112440614.htm
  2. ↑ "什么是居民消费价格指数（CPI）？" (in Chinese).
  3. ↑ Xiandai Hanyu Cidian sparked debates for not including the word tongzhi Archived September 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ Hundreds of researchers reported new edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian for violating the law
  5. ↑ "Entries like 'NBA' included in Xiandai Hanyu Cidian allegedly broke the law - Reply: Baseless Accusations". 凤凰网. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
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