Coastal giant salamander
| Coastal giant salamander | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Ambystomatidae |
| Genus: | Dicamptodon |
| Species: | D. tenebrosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Dicamptodon tenebrosus (Baird and Girard, 1852) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Amblystoma tenebrosum Baird and Girard, 1852 | |
The coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) is a species of salamander in the Dicamptodontidae family (Pacific giant salamanders). It is endemic to the United States and Canada.[1][2] There are three closely related species to this taxon: D. ensatus (California giant salamander), D. copei (Cope's giant salamander), and D. aterrimus (Idaho giant salamander).[3]
Description
The coastal giant salamander can reach up to 34 cm (13 inches) in total length.[4] The coastal giant salamander has four toes on the front feet and five toes on the back feet. The species tail is around 40 percent of the total length of the salamander and is laterally compressed. The head, back, and sides have a marbled or reticulate pattern of dark blotches on a light brown or brassy-colored background. The head is broad with a shovel-like snout and a fold of skin across the throat called the gular fold. The eyes are medium in size and have a brass-flecked iris and a large black pupil. This species is one of the few salamanders capable of vocalizing.[5]
Neotenes
Some coastal giant salamander larva continue to grow into an adult and become sexually mature without losing their external gills. This process is called neoteny. Neoteny is particularly common in the British Columbia populations. Adult-sized neotenes have a uniform brown coloring on their heads, sides, and backs.
Range
The coastal giant salamander is endemic to the Pacific Northwest, found in Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia.[1][2][6]
Habitat
Aquatic stages are found in clear, cool or cold, well-oxygenated streams, and sometimes also in mountain lakes and ponds. Metamorphosed adults occur in humid forests (under rocks and logs, etc.), near mountain streams, or rocky shores of mountain lakes.[1]
Conservation
Pacific giant salamanders are protected from being killed or collected under the Wildlife Act in British Columbia.[6]
References
- 1 2 3 4 Geoffrey Hammerson (2004). "Dicamptodon tenebrosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Dicamptodon tenebrosus (Baird and Girard, 1852)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Dicamptodon Strauch, 1870". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ↑ "Dicamptodon tenebrosus - Coastal Giant Salamander". Retrieved 2009-04-16.
- ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008). Nicklas Stromberg, ed. "California Giant Salamander: Dicamptodon ensatus". Archived from the original on 2009-01-30.
- 1 2 Donald A. Blood (1 Mar 1993). "Pacific Giant Salamander" (PDF). Province of British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 22 September 2015.